UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
The incidence of water contamination by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs),
xenoestrogen such as bisphenol-A (BPA) and estradiol (EST) is increasing in recent
decades. This study was aimed to synthesize and characterize activate carbon derived from
agarwood (agar AC) for xenoestrogen adsorption. The synthesis was conducted by
physicochemical activation using sulfuric acid which was employed as an activator at 180
oC activation temperature followed by calcination under nitrogen condition. Both BPA and
EST were detected in six selected rivers and lakes in Malaysia. Agar AC was characterized
by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman, Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy, and Zeta potentials to determine which mechanism produced optimal result
for the adsorption of BPA and EST. The carbon porosity was determined by nitrogen
adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77K using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The
prepared agar AC was mainly micro and mesoporous in nature with BET surface area 1092
m2/g. Optimization results showed an optimum removal of BPA was 86% (at carbon dosage
1wt.%, pH 7, contact time of 180 minutes and temperature of 50 °C) and EST removal was
79% (at pH 11, carbon dosage 4 wt.%). Experimental data were fitted into the Langmuir
and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms
predicted BPA adsorption of agar AC at R2 values greater than 0.99, signifying
chemisorption and physio-sorption processes. The Freundlich isotherm gives a better
amount of EST uptake onto prepared activated carbon, indicating heterogeneous
chemisorption process. In conclusion, the adsorption capacity of prepared agar AC showed
high adsorption capacity (BPA 439 mg/g, EST 1664 mg/g) compared with the commercial
AC. The implication of this study provides green adsorption with high sorption capacity
material that can be applied for the removal of BPA and EST from water bodies such as
rivers and lakes. |
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