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Type :thesis
Subject :RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Main Author :Sahib, Mosa Jafer
Title :Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon from Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) for xenoestrogen treatment
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Year of Publication :2020
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
The incidence of water contamination by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), xenoestrogen such as bisphenol-A (BPA) and estradiol (EST) is increasing in recent decades. This study was aimed to synthesize and characterize activate carbon derived from agarwood (agar AC) for xenoestrogen adsorption. The synthesis was conducted by physicochemical activation using sulfuric acid which was employed as an activator at 180 oC activation temperature followed by calcination under nitrogen condition. Both BPA and EST were detected in six selected rivers and lakes in Malaysia. Agar AC was characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Zeta potentials to determine which mechanism produced optimal result for the adsorption of BPA and EST. The carbon porosity was determined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77K using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The prepared agar AC was mainly micro and mesoporous in nature with BET surface area 1092 m2/g. Optimization results showed an optimum removal of BPA was 86% (at carbon dosage 1wt.%, pH 7, contact time of 180 minutes and temperature of 50 °C) and EST removal was 79% (at pH 11, carbon dosage 4 wt.%). Experimental data were fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms predicted BPA adsorption of agar AC at R2 values greater than 0.99, signifying chemisorption and physio-sorption processes. The Freundlich isotherm gives a better amount of EST uptake onto prepared activated carbon, indicating heterogeneous chemisorption process. In conclusion, the adsorption capacity of prepared agar AC showed high adsorption capacity (BPA 439 mg/g, EST 1664 mg/g) compared with the commercial AC. The implication of this study provides green adsorption with high sorption capacity material that can be applied for the removal of BPA and EST from water bodies such as rivers and lakes.

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