Abd  Rahim  Abd  Rashid.  (2001).    Nilai-nilai  mumi  dalam   pendidikan:  Menghadapi perubahan   

dan   cabaran   ala/  baru.   Kuala  Lumpur:  Utusan  Publications  & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.

 

Abdul Jalil Borhan. (2013). Konsep siasah Syar 'riyyah dan pelaksanaannya dalam konteks Malaysia.  

Kertas Kerja dibentang pada Semir ar Kebangsaan Pelaksanan Siasah Syar'iyyah Dalam Konteks Masa 

Kini: Isu dan Cabaran, anjuran Kolej Universiti Islam Melaka (KUIM) pada 21 Februari 2013.

 

Abdul Razak Abd Manaf, Zarina Mat Saad, Zakiah Jamaluddin & Azlin Hilma Hillaluddin. (2013).  

Kajian   keberkesanan   program   Perintah   Khidmat   Masyarakat   dalam kalangan  pesalah  muda, 

Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat.  Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Abu  Rukhiyyah  Majid.  (2010).  Al-wajiz ft  ahkam  al-hudud  wa  al-qisas  wa  al-takzir.

Jordan: Dar Al-Nafaais.

 

Adibah Bahori, Siti Zubaidah Ismail & Nik Khazarita Nik Md Khalib. (2017). Keperluan hukuman   

altematif terhadap  penyelesaian  krisis   akhlak  di  Malaysia:  Analisis pendekatan  

Undang-undang Syariah.  Kertas Kerja Dibentangkan dalam Prosiding Persidangan Antarabangsa 

Kelestarian Insan 2017 (INSAN 2017) di Ayer Keroh Melaka pada 1 - 2 November 2017.

 

Ahmadi, A. (2007). Sosiologi pendidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Ahmad Firdaus Mohd Noor. (2017). Pensyarah cemerlang pendidikan Islam di Polite/..-,,ik satu kajian 

kes.   Tesis PhD. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

 

Ahmad Ridwan Osman@ Hussin, Zaharah Hussin & Abdul Muhsin Sulaiman.  (2018). Kesalzan dan 

kebolehpercayaan  konstruk  di dalam kajian niat bersedekah.  Kertas Kerja   dibentangkan   dalam   

Seminar  Kebangsaan   Majlis   Dekan   Pendidikan Universiti Awam, Anjura.'1 Universiti Sultan 

Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) pada 7 - 8 November 2ll I 8.

 

.A.inul  Bashirah Ismail, Zuliza Mohd Kusrin & Mat Noor Mat Zain.  (2012). Kesalahan Perbuatan 

Tidak Sopan dan Hukumannya Menurut Islam.  Jumal Hadhari 4(2).

 

Ajzen, I. & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.

Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

 

Alarid, L. F., Cromwell, P. F., & Del Carmen, R. V. (2007). Community-based corrections.

United States of America: Cengage Learning.

 

Amir Hasan Dawi. (2009). Sekolah dan masyarakat. Tanjong Malim: Quantums Books,

59, 60.

 

Amir Hasan Dawi. (2006). Penteorian sosio/ogi dan pendidikan. Tanjong Malim:

Quantums Books, 282.

 

Anderson, M. L. & Taylor, H. F. (2000). Sociology: Understanding a diverse society.

Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

 

Anderson, J. & Poole, M. (1998). Terjemahan Marzita Puteh & Sadiah Baharom, 2011.

Penulisan tugasan dan tesis edisi ke-4. Perak: Penerbitan Universiti Pendidikan

Su?tan Idris & lnstitut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia.

 

Ang, B. L. (2003). Community rehabilitation of offenders in Singapore. Visiting experts'

paper presented at 121 st International Traning Course, "Enhancement of

co1nmunity-based alternative to incarceration at all stages of the criminal ju5tice

(y process" Annual Report for 2002 and Resource Material Series No. 61. September

2003, Japan: UNAFEI.

 

Arifah Rahimah Ismail & Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri. (2015). Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat

dalam perspektif dunia global: Kajian awalan bagi pelaksanaan Perintah Khidmat

Ml'syarakat di Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia.

 

Arifah Rahimah Ismail & Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri. (2015). Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat

Terhadap Pesa/ah Jenayah di Negra-negara Baral.

 

Arifah Rahimah Ismail & Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri. (2014). Perintah khidmat masyarakat

sebagai hukuman alternatif di Mahkamah Syariah Malaysia. Bangi: Jabatan

Syariah, Fakulti Pengajian Islam, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jurnal

Undang-undang (Disember).

 

Arpah Abdul Razak. (2014). Laporan Sambutan Hari Tandas Sedunia Peringkat

Kebangsaan tahun 2014. Port Dickson: Dacaran Sri Kemang.

 

Asmah Othman. {2013). The community service order (CSO) in England and Wales: An

exploration of the perceptions and experiences of the youthful offenders and

supervisors. Tesis PhD. United Kingdom: School of Humanities, Languages and

Social Sciences, University of Salford, Salford.

 

Asmawati Desa, Fatimah Yusooff, Nurhayati Mohamad, Selmah Hasan & Noor Azimah

Ahmad Baharom, (2013). Modul pelaksanaan program pelatih perintah khidmat

masyarakat. Putrajaya, Malaysia: Sahagian Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat, Jabatan

Kebajikan Masyarakat.

 

Awang Armadajaya Awang Mahmud. Timbalan Pendakwa Raya, Jabatan Peguam Negara.

(2013). Hukuman altematif: Satu perbandingan di antara Mahkamah Sivil dan

Syariah. Konvensyen Perundangan Syariah. Anjuran Sahagian Pendakwaan

Jabatan Hal Ehwal Agama Islam, Negeri Sembilan bertempat di Bangunan Pejabat

Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Sembilan, Seremban pada 6 Mac 2013.

 

Awdah Abd Al-Qasir. (2009). Al-tasyrt al-jina 'i al-Islami. Kaherah: Dar Al-Haditb.

Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research. London: Wadsworth Cangage:

Leaming.

 

Bagozzi, R. P., Wong, N. & Abe, S. (2000). Cultural and Situational Contingencies and

The Tra: Application to Fast Food Restaurant Consumption. Journal of Consumer

Psychology 9.

 

Bailey, C. A. (2007). A guide to qualitative field research. London: Sage Publications, 100,

188.

 

Basit, T. N. (2010). Conducting research in education contexts. London: Continum

International Publishing Group, 14.

 

Baker, T. L. (1994). Doing social research. (2nd ed.). New York: Mc Graw-Hill Inc.

 

Bear, B. F. (1991). When prison isn't punishment enough: The effective use of home

incarceration, community serve, curfew parole, and substance abuse testing.

Criminal Justice 6.

 

Berg, B. L. (2009). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston: Pearson

Education, 6-7.

 

Bezruchka, S. (2000). Medical Tourism as Medical Harm to The Third World: Why? For

Whom? Wilderness and Environmental Medicine 11.

 

Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: an introduction

to theories and methods. (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon Inc., 55.

 

Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen, S. K. (2003). Qualitative research for education: An Introduction

to theory and methods. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

 

Bogdan, R. C. & Biklen S. K., ( 1998). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction

to Theory and Methods. (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

 

Bottoms, A. (2008). 'The Community Dimension of Community Penalties', The Howard

Journal Volume 47 No. 2. May 2008 ISSN 0265-5527, 146-169. Oxford: Blackwell

Publishing.

 

Brennan, B. Y. T. P., & Mason, L. (1983). Community service: A developing concept.

Federal Probation 47.

 

Brownlee, I. (1998). Community punishment: A critical introduction. Harlow, Addison

Wesley Longman.

Browne, K. (2013). Sociology for AS AQA. United Kingdom: Polity Press.

 

Brymau, A. (2008). Social research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 31.

 

Burns, R. (2000). Research introduction to research methods. London: Sage Publications

Ltd.

 

Cann, A. (2004). Rated Importance of Personal Qualities Across Four Relationships. The

Journal of Social Psychology, 2004, 144(3).

 

Caputo, G. A. (2004). Intermediate sanctions in corrections. Texas: University of North

Texas Press.

 

Carrabine, E., (2004). Criminology: A sociological introduction. New York: Routledge.

Carl, J. D. (2011). Think social problems. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, 85,

87.

 

Carl, J. D. (2011). Sociology. Pearson: New Jersey, 49, 85.

 

Carter, R. M., Cocks, J., & Glaser, D. (1987). Community service: A review of the basic

issues. Federal Probation 51 t l ).

 

Champion & Mays. (1991). Transferring juveniles to criminal courts: trends and

implications for criminal justice. Westport: Praeger Publishers.

 

Chang, I., Liu, C., & Chen, K. (2014). The Push, Pull and Mooring Effects in Virtual

Migration for Social Networking Sites. Information Systems Journal 24(4).

 

Chua Y. P. (2012). Asas statistik penyelidikan. Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: GcGraw-Hill

(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

 

Chui, W. H. (2003). 'Experiences of Probation Supervision in Hong Kong: Listening to

the Young Adult Probationers' in Journal of Criminal Justice 31, 567-577.

 

Clary, E. G.,S nyder, M., Ridge, R. D., Copeland, J.,S tukas, A. A., &H augen. J. (1998).

Understanding and Assessing the Motivations of Volunteers: A Functional

Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

 

Claster, D.S. (1992). Bad guys and good guys: Moral polarization and crime. Westport

CT: Greenwood Pr!ss.

 

Cochrane, J., Melville, G. & Marsh, I. (2004). Criminal justice: An introduction to

philosophies, theories and practice. London: Routledge.

 

Cook, J. R. (2001). Asphaltjustice: A critique of the criminal justice system in America.

Westport CT: Praeger.

 

Cooley, C.H. (1902). Human nature and the social order, New York: Charles Scribner's

Sons, revised ed. 1922.

 

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A (2008). Basic of qualitative research. (3nl ed.). California: SAGE

Publication, Inc.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design, qualitative, quantitative & mixed methods

approaches. (4th ed.). United Kingdom: SAGE, Publication Inc, 5, 197-200.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among jive

approaches. United Kingdom:S age Publications, 151,1 66,1 46-175,2 49-250,2 52.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educatinnal research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating

qualitative and qualitative research. (4th ed,). Upper Saddle River, Nj: Merrill.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2011). Controversies in mixed methods research. Denzine, N. & Lincoln,

Y. (ed). The SAGE Handbook on Qualitative Research (4tl: ed.) Thousand Oaks,

CA: Sage.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among jive

approaches. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 73, 206-207, 208,209,

243.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design-qualitative, quantitative, and mixes methods

approaches. (2nd ed). London: SAGE Publications.

 

Creswell, J. W. & Miller, D. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory

into Practice 39(3).

 

Crews, G. & Gillespie, W. (2004). A brief history of corrections in America. dim. Living

in prison: A history of the correctional system with a insider's view. Westport, CT:

Greenwood Press.

 

Cubukcu, Z. (2012). The effect of hidden curriculum on character education process of

primary school students. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 12 (2), 126-153,

1529.

 

Cullen, F. T. & Wright, J. P. (2002). Criminal Justi;e in The Lives of American

Adolescents: Choosing the Future, dim. The changing adolescent experience:

societal trends and the transition to adulthood. disunting oleh Mortimer, J. T. dan

La.rson, R., 94. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

 

Cywinska, M. (20 I 0). Conflict situations among children. New Educational Review, Vol.

22 Issue¾.

 

Demirkasimoglu, N., Bagozzi, R.P., Wong, N. & Abe, S. (2012). Organizational rules in

schools: Teacher' opinions about functions of rules, rule-following and breaking

behaviors in relation to their locus of control. Educational Studies. 38(2), 235-247.

 

Denscombe, M. (2007). The good research guide: For small-scale social research project.

(3rd ed.). England: Open University Press McGraw-Hill Education.

 

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). Qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications

Ltd.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. (3rd

ed.) Thousand Oaks, CAA: Sage Publications.

 

De Vaus, D. A. (1993). Surveys in social research. (3rd ed.). London: UCL Press.

Dignan, J. (2005). Understanding victims and restorative justice. England: Open

University Press.

 

Duff, M. (2003). Introduction: A global overview of the issues of and responses to teen

gangs. dim. Tee:n Gangs: A Global View, disunting oleh Duffy, M. P. & Gillig, S.

E., 1-12. Westport CT: Greenwood Press.

 

Dorsch, K. D., Riemer, H.A., Sluth, V., Paskevich, D. M. & Chelladurai, P. (2002). What

affects a volunteer's commitment? Toronto: Canadian Centre for PhilanLJu-opy.

 

Einolf, C. & Chamber, S.M. (2011). Who volunteers? Constructing a Hybrid Theory.

Intemational Journal of Non-Profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing. 16.

 

Espelage, D. L., Holt, M. K. & Henkel, R. R. (2003). Examination of peer-group

contextual effects on aggression during early adolescence. Child Development, 74.

 

Fatimah Yusoff. (2015). Gejala sosial remaja - Pandangan Dr. Fatimah Yusuf (Cahaya

Oktober) . Tidak dicetak.

 

Fariza Mohd Isa. (2018). Faktor yang mempengaruhi dan cara meningkatkan motivasi

da/am kalangan pelajar. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Seminar Kebangsaan

Majfa Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam pada 7 hingga 8 November 2018 iii

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, Terengganu.

 

Ferrante, J. (2006). Sociology a global perspective, Belmont: Thomson Higher Education,

108, 134, 137.

 

Finkelstein, M. A. (2011). Correlates of Individualism and Collectivism: Predicti.r.g

Volunteer Activity. Social Behavior and Personality 39(5).

 

Finkelstein, M. A. (2010). Individualism / Collectivism: Implications for The Volunteer

Proce:;s. Social Behavior and Personality, 38(4).

 

Flacks. (2006). Combining Retribution and Reconciliation: The Role of Community

Service Sentencing in Transitional Justice. Interdisciplinary Journal of Human

Rights Law, 1(1).

 

Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research

in education. New York: McGraw Hill, 20, 111, 141, 427, 450-451, 458, 5 I 2.

Fraenkel, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (1996). How to design and evaluate research. United

State of America: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

 

Goodman, J. F. (2010). Niceness and The Limit of Rules. Journal of Moral Education.

30(4).

 

Hancock, B. et al. (2009). An Introduction to qualitative research. Diakses daripada

http://www.rds-yh.nihr.ac uk/wp coten t/uplods/2018/0 l /5_Introduction-toqualitative-

research-2009.pdf, padal 5 DisembP.r 2017.

 

Haja Mydin Abdul Kuthoos, Noraida Endut, Azrnan Azwan Azrnawati, Intan Hashimah

Mohd Hashim & Nor Hafizah Selamat (2016). Penerokaan awal terhadap jenayah

seksual dalam kalangan remaja le/aid di malaysia: Satu kajian kes terhadap

remaja di se!JL1ah pusat pemulihan. (3rd ed.). KANIT A Postgraduate International

Conference on Gender Studies, 16-17 November 2016, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

Pulau Pinang.

 

Haris Abd. Wahab & Siti Hajar Abu Bakar. (2014). Dasar sosial dan pembinaan modal

sosial di Malaysia. International Journal of Social Policy and Society, Vol, 10, 95.

 

Harris, R. J. & Lo, T. W. (2011). Community Service: Its Use in Criminal Justice.

International Journal of Offender Tl,eraphy & Comparative Criminology, 46, 4.

 

Harris, M. K. (1980). Community Service by Offenders. Washington, D. C.: American Bar.

Haron Din, Sulaiman Yasin, Hassan Salleh & Sidi Ghazalba. (2015). Manusia dan Islam.

Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur: PTS Millennia Sdn. Bhd.

 

Hays, D. G. & Singh, A. A. (2012). Qualitative inquiry: In clinical and educational

settings. New York: Guilford Press, 180,206,202,350.

 

Henslin, J.M. (2007). Sociology a down to ?arth approach. (8th ed.). USA: Wd. Pearson,

85.

 

Herbert, L. P. (1968). The limits of criminal sanction. Chicago: Stanford University Press.

 

Hirschi, T. ( 1969). Causes of delinquency. California: University of California Press.

 

Horowitz, M. A. (2000). Kids Who Kill: A Critique of How the American Legal System

Deals with Juveniles Who Commit Homicide. Law and Contemporary Problems

63(3).

 

Houle, B. J., Sagarin, B. J. & Kaplan, M. F. (2005). A Functional Approach to

Volunteerism: Do Volunteer Motives Predict Task Preference? Basic and Applied

Social Psychology 27(4).

 

Hudson, B. (2003). Understanding Justice: An Introduction to Jdeas, Perspectives, and

Controversies in Modem Penal Theory. (2nd ed.). Milton Keynes: Open University

Press.

 

Hudson, J. & Galaway, B. (1990). Community Service: Toward Program Definition.

Federal Probation, 54(2).

 

Hurd, J. L. & Miller, D. K. (1981). Community Service: What, Why, and How. Fede!ation

Probation, 45:39-41.

 

Husin Jusoh. (2011 ). Faktor keruntuhan akhlak remaja Islam luar Bandar di Daerah Kota

Tinggi, Johor. Tesis PhD. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.

 

Hussein Ahmad. (2012). Mission of Public Education in Malaysia: The Challenge of

Transformation. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya.

 

Ismail Kamus & Mohd. Azrul Azlen Ab. Hamid. (2009). Jndahnya hidup bersyariat. Kuala

Lumpur: Telaga Biru Sdn. Bhd.

 

Junger-Tas, J. (1994). Alternatives to prison sentences: Experiences and developments.

Amsterdam, New York: Kugler.

 

Kim, Y. & Lee, W. N. (2014). Networking for Philanthropy: Increasing Volunteer

Behavior Via Social Network Sites. Cyber Psychology, Behavior and Social

Networking 17(3).

 

Kornblum, W. (2012). Sociology in a changing world. (9th ed.). USA: Wadsworth, 46, 98.

Kurz. (2000). The 8% solution preventing serious repeat juvenile crime. California: Sage

Publication.

 

Lambert, M. (2012). Ji beginner's guide to doing your Education Research Project.

Thousand Oak. Ca: Sage Publications, 138.

 

Leibrich, J., Galaway, B., & Underhill, Y. (1986). Community Service Sentencing in New

Zealand: A Survey of Users. Federal Probation 50(1).

 

Lim C. S. & Chee K. M. (2010). Bab 8: Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan dalam pendidikan.

Dalam Noraini Idris. (Eds). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan, 174-175. Kuala

Lumpur: Mc Graw Hill. Malaysia.

 

Lincoln, Y. S. & Denzin, N. K. (2011). Epilogue: Toward a refunctioned ethnography.

The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative.

 

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

 

Macionis, J. J. (2012). Sociology. USA: Person Education, 12, 36, 102, 103.

 

Macionis, J. J. (2007). Sociology. (11th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

 

Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest., & Marney, E.(2005). Qualitative

research method: A data collector's field guide. Research Triangle Par?, North

Carolina: Family Health lntemat;onal.

 

MacKay, J.G., & Rook, M. K. (I 976). The work order scheme: An evaluation of

Tasmania's work order scheme. Australia: Research Council, Australian Institute

of Criminology, 377,380.

 

Maizura Yasin & Nur Surayyah Madhabala Abdullah. (2018). Kerelevanan pendidikan

moral dalam memenuhi keperluan revolusi industri 4.0 yang beretika: sudut

pandangan guru pelatih. Kertas Kerja ini Dibentangkan dalam Seminar

Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam pada 7 hingga 8 November

2018 di Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Gong Badak,

Terengganu.

 

Maloney, D. (2007). Restorative community service: Earning redemption, gaining skills,

and proving worth. Rte/aiming Children and Youth 15(4).

 

Marshall, C., & Rossman, G.B.(2011 ). Designing qualitative research. (5th ed.). Thousand

Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Maykut, P., & Morehouse, R. (1994). Beginning qualitative research: A philosophic and

practical guide. London: The Falmer Press.

 

McLaughlin, E., & Muncie, J. (2006). The SAGE dictionary of criminology. London:

SAGE.

 

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research in practice: A guide to design and

implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publications, 139-140.

 

Merriam, S. B. (2002). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and

analysis. San Francisco: CA: Jossey-Bass, 449.

 

Merriam, S. B. (200 l ). Qualitative research design and case study applications in

education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Pub.

 

Merriam, S. B. ( 1998). Qualitative research and case study: Applications in education.

New York: Jossey Bass Inc, 205,207.

 

Mertens, D. M. (20 l 0). Research and evaluation in education and psychology: integrating

diversity with quantitative, and mixed methods. (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Michele Cotton. (2000). Back with a Vengeance: The Resilience of Retribution as An

Articulated Purpose Criminal Punishment. American Criminal law Reviev,1 37, No.

4.

Michael, J. (2003). Criminal Law in Hong Ko11g. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong.

 

Minton, E. A. & Khale, L. R. (2014). Belief system, religion and behavioral economics.

New York: Business Expert Press LLC.

 

Moeller, T. G. (2001). Youth aggression and violence: A psychological approach. United

States of America: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

 

Mohamad Khairi Othman, Asmawati Suhid, Abdullah Mat Rashid & Samsilah Rosian.

(2011 ). Hubungan faktor-faktor sosial dengan penghayatan nilai murni pelajar:

satu dapatan awal. Kertas Kerja ini Dibentangkan dalam 16th International

Conference on Education. Bertempat di Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Institute of

Education, Universiti Brunei Darulsalam.

 

Mohammad Ramzi Zakaria. (2015). Kecuaian dan Pengabaian Kanak-kanak oleh Ibu

Bapa: Kedudukannya di Bawah Akta Kanak-kanak 2001 dan Prinsip Syariah, 19.

Jumal Undang-undang Malaysia (2015), 37-49.

 

Mohamad Faizal Mohammad & Mohd Zaki Ishak. (2014). Gejala Hubungan Seks Dalam

Kalangan Pe/ajar: Satu Kajian Kes. Sabah: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

 

Mohamad Nazrin Helmi Awang. (2018). Pesepsi pelajar terhadap faktor-faktor yang

mempengaruhi keterlibatan pelajar dalam masalah sosial. Kertas Kerja

Dibentangkan dalam Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti

Awam pada 7 hingga 8 November 2018 di Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

(UniSZA), Kampus Gong Badak, Terengganu.

Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri. (2012). Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat Bagi Kanak-kanak yang

Berkonflik Dengan Undang-undang: Teori, Kerangka Perundangan dan Halatuju di

Malaysia. Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia, 5-18.

 

Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri. (2012). Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat Bagi Pesalah Muda: Teori

di Malaysia. Jurnal Undang-undang Malaysia.

 

Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri & Noor Aziah Mohd Awai. (2009). Hukuman Terhadap Kanakkanak

di Malaysia: Pencegahan atau Pemulihan? Jumal Undang-r.:ndang, Vol. 13.

 

Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah. (2009). Pengurusan Proses Perobahan Terancang di

Beberapa Buah Sekolah Bestari di Malaysia. Tesis PhD, Universiti Malaya.

 

Mohd Salleh Lehar. ( 1 g98). Pengenalan ringkas sosiologi sekolah & pendidikan.

Selangor: fhinker's Library Sdn. Bhd.

 

Morris, N. & Newbw11, T. (1990). Between Prison and Probation: Intennediate

Punishments in a Rational Sentencing Sysiem, New York / Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

 

Muhammad Hafiz Lotti Amer & Mohd lzwan Mahmud. (2018). Keberkesanan

perkhidmatan kaunse/ing kelompok dalam menangani masalah sosial pelajar

sekolah menengah. Kertas Kerja Dibentangkan dalam Seminar Kebangsaan Maj I is

Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam pada 7 hingga 8 November 2018 di Universiti

Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Gong Badak, Terengganu.

 

Muhammad Muda. (2003). Apa itu kajian kes? Dibentangkan dalam Bengkel Penyelidikan

dan Penulisan Kes Siri I. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia pada 5-6 Mac.

Mukherji, P. & Albon, D. (2010). Research methods in early childhood: An introductory

guide. London: SAGE Publications, Inc., 21.

 

Norazla Abdul Wahab, Mohd Al-Adib Samuri, Tengku Noor Azira Tengku Zainudin &

Anita Abdul Rahim (2015). Penentuan jam !.,edit bagi pelaksanaan perintah

khidmal masyarakat sebagai hukuman altematif terhadap pesalah muda yang

berkonjlik dengan undang-undang di Malaysia. International Islamic Universiti

College Selangor, Universiti of Malaya dan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Norazla Abdul Wahab, Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri, Zuliza Mohd Kusrin & Anita Abdul

Rahim. (1014). Legal Issues in Implementing the Community Service Orders for

Child Offenders in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 10 (4).

 

Norhidayah Hairul Azrnan & Norhayati Mohd Noor. (2018). Penglibatan ibu bapa

terhadap kesejohteraan anak-anak dalam kalangan anggota polis: Satu kajian kes

di kem Pasukan Gerakan Am, Ulu Kinta. Kertas Kerja Dibentangkan dalam

Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam pada 7 hingga 8

November 2018 di Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kampus Gong

Badak, Terengganu.

 

Nurbazla Ismail & Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri. (2016). Prospek Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat

di Mahkamah Syariah. ISLAMIYY AT 38(1).

 

Nurbazla Ismail & Mohd. Al-Adib Samuri. (2014). Matlamat Perintah Khidmat

Masyarakat di Mahkamah Syariah Menurut Maqasih Syariah dan Pandangan

Hakim Syarie. Universiti 5ains Islam Malaysia. Jumal 'Ulum lslamiyyah 14

(Disember): 113-130.

 

Nurbazla Ismail. (2014). Prospek Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat oleh Mahkamah Syariah.

Jabatan Syariah, Fakulti Pengajaian Islam. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Nurzatil Ismah Azizan, Nazneen Ismail, Sahlawati Abu Bakar, Zanariah Dimoh & Nurul

Husna Mohd Jabar. (2016). Kaedah Menangani Masalah Sosial di Pusat

Perlindungan Maj/is Agama Islam Selangor (MAIS): Analisa Pendekatan AlQuran.

Seminar Antarabanga Akidah, Dakwah dan Syariah 2016 (IR.SY AD 2016).

 

Nurzatil Ismah Azizan, Nazneen Ismail, Sahlawati Abu Bakar, Zanariah Dimon & Asma'

Wardah Surtahman. (2015). Permasalahan Sosial Dalam Kalangan Remaja Di

Selangor: Satu Tinjauan. Seminar Antarabangsa Akidah, Dakwah dan Syariah

(IRSY AD2015) padal 2-13 Oktober 2015 di Kuala Lumpur.

 

O'Leary, Z. (2004). The essential guide to doing research. London: SAGE Publications

Limited.

 

Othman Lebar. (2015). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengenalan kepada teori dan metod.

Tanjong Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 15, 61, 71, 73.

 

Pagnanelli, E. (2007). Children as adults: The Transfer of Juveniles to Adult Courts and

1be Potential Impact of Roper vs Simmons. American Criminal Law Review 44( I).

 

Pamment, N. & Ellis, T. (2010). A Retrograde Step: The Potential Impact of High

Visibility Uniforms Within Youth Justice Reparation The Howard Journal Vol.

49, No. I. Februari 2010, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 28.

 

Parsons, T. (1959). The Structure of Social Action. A Study in Social Theory with Special

Reference to a Group of Recent Eurorean Writers. (2nd ed.). Glencoe, IL: Free

Press.

 

Patton, M., (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Beverly Hils: Sage

Publication, 556.

 

Pease, K. ( 1985). Community service orders. Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of

Research, 6.

 

Perrier, D. C. & Pink, F. S. ( 1985). Community Service: All Things to All People. Federal

Probation 49(2).

Puvenesvary, Radziah Abdul Rahim, Sivabala Naidu, R., Mastura Badziz, Noor Fadhilah

Mat Nayan & Noor Hashima Abd Azizi. (2008). Qualitative research data

collection & data analysis techniques. Sintok: Universiti Utara Malaysia Press, 83.

Reddy, B. (1?91). Community Service Order: An Alternative Sentence. Singapore

Academy of Law Journal 3(2).

 

Remenyi, D., et al. (2003). Doing research in business and management: An introduction

to process and methods. London: SAGE Publications.

 

Roberts, M. (2006). Duffle Bag Medicine. Journal of The American Medical Association,

295, 1491, 1493.

 

Robson, C. (2002). Real world research. (2nd ed.). Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell

Publications.

 

R0kiah Ismail. (20 I 0). Pemerkasaan Pengguna Dadah Dalam Institusi Pemulihan di

Malaysia: Ke Arah Menjamin Kesejahteraan Individu dan Masyarakat. Malaysian

Journal of Society and Space 6, Jld. I, Bil. I, Mei.

 

Rossman. G. B. & Rallis, S. F. (2012). Leaming in the field: An introduction to qualitative

re,:;earch. London: Sage Publications, 137, 192-193.

 

Rossman, G. B. & Rallis, S. F. (2003). Learning in the field: An introduction to qualitative

research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, 69.

 

Ritche, J. & Lewis, J. (2003). Qualitative Research Practice: A Guide for Social Social

Science Students and Researchers. (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Sabitha Marican. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan sains sosial. Selangor: Prentice Hall,

Pearson Malaysia.

 

Salasiah Hanim Hamjah. (2012). Perkaitan amalan spiritual dengan pencapaian akademik

pelajar. dim. Ajtlhe Vol. 4, No. 2, Julai.

 

Schaeffer, T. (2012). Sociology: A brief introductions. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

Schensul, S. L., Schensul, J. J. & Le Compte, M. D., (1999). Essential ethnographic

method,;: Ethnographer 's toolkit. New York: Altamira Press.

 

Silverman, D. (2000). Doing qualitative research: A Practical Handbook. London: Sage.

 

Silverman, D. (2007). Interpreting qualitative data. (3rd ed.). London: SAGE Publications

Ltd.

 

Sidhu. (2007). Amendments to The Criminal Procedure Code: Radical or Piecemeal

Legislation. Malayan Law Journal. 7.

 

Siti Noor Fazariah, S., Razima Hanim, 0., Azahar, C. L., & Norhamidah, J. (2016). The

Relationship Between Parental Attachment Toward Delinquent Behavior Among

Young Offenders. Southeast Asia Psychology Journal, Vol. 3, 2015-2016.

 

Siti Uzairiah Mohd Tobi. (2017). Kajian kualitatif dan analisis temu bual. Kuala Lumpur:

Aras Publisher, 2, 17, 42, 46, 48, 54.

 

Siti Zubaidah Ismail. (2011). Hukuman Altematif dari PerspektifUndang-undang Syariah.

Syariah Law Report 4.

 

Skeen, A. S. ( 1988). Community Service Order. South Afica Criminal Journal (SACJ) 2.

 

Spaans, E. C. ( 1998). Community Service in The Netherlands: Its Effect of Recidivism and

Net-Widening. International Criminal Justice Review 8.

 

Stortini, R. ( 1978). Community Service Orders. Criminal Law Quarterly 2 l .

 

Stake, R. E. (2005). Multiple case study analysis. New York: The Guilford Press.

 

Stake, R. E. (2000). Case studies. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

 

Stenberg, C. W. & Colman, W. G. (1994). A Health and Education Policy Issues

Handbook. Westport CT: Greenwood Press.

 

Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1997). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory

procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

 

Sullivan, T. J. (2007). Sociology: Concepts and applications in a diverse world. Boston,

MA: Allyn & Bacon.

 

Swanson, R. A. & Chermack, T. J. (2013). Theory building in applied disciplines. San

Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

 

Tak. P. J. (2001) Sentencing and punisillTient in the Netherlands. dalam Sentencing and

sanctions in western countries, disunting oleh Tomry, M. dan Frase, R. S. Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

 

Teijlingen, E. R. V. & Hundley, V. (2001). The Importance of Pilot Studies, Social

Research UPDATE. Department of Sociology, University of Survey.

 

Thio, A. (2000). Sociology: A brief introduction. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

 

Thornberg, R. (2009). Tne moral comtruction of the good pupil embedded in school

rules. Education, Citizenship and So?ial Justice 4(3), 55, 245-261.

 

Tonry, M. (1997). Sentencing matters. New York: Oxford University Press.

 

Trochim, W. M. (2016). The research methods lawwledge base. Diakses daripada http:

lwww. socialresearchmethods.netlkb pada 2 Januari 2018.

 

Tuan Pah Rokiah Syed Hussain & Lilah Yasin. (2016). Belia dan Pembudayaan Semangat

Sukarelawan di Malaysia: Suatu Pemerhatian Konseptual. GEOGRAFIA Onlinen.1

Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 12 Issue 9 ( 161-172) ISSN 2180-2491.

 

Umbreit, M. S. ( 1981 ). Community Service Sentencing: Jail Alternative or Added

Sanction? Federation Probation 45.

 

Vass, A. A. & Menzies, K. (1989). Community Service Order as a Public and Private

Enterprise: A Comparative Account of Practice England and Ontario, Canada.

Britain Journal Criminal 29 (3).

 

Van Kalrnthout, A. M., & Tak, J.P. (1992). Sanction systems in the member states of the

council of Europe: Deprivation of liberty, community se.--vice, and other substitutes.

Bosten I Doordrecht NL: K.Juwer.

 

Vockel, E. L. (I 983). Educational research. New York: Mc Millan Ptd. Ltd. Saini Raban.

 

Vogel, T. et al (2014). Attitudes and attitude change. London: Psychology Press.

 

Walgrave, L. & Guedens, H. (1996). The Restorative Proportionality of Community

Service for Juveniles. European Journal of Crime, C:iminal Law and Criminal

Justice 4.

 

Wallen, N. E., & Fraenkel, J. R. (2001). Educational research a guide to the process. New

York: McGraw Hill, 8.

 

Wiersma, W. & Jurs, S. G. (2009). Research methods in educazion: An introduction. USA:

Pearson Education, Inc.

 

Xu, Y., & Ngai, N.P. (20! I). Moral Resources and Political Capital: Theorizing the

Relationship Between Voluntary Service Organizations and the Development of

Civil Society in China. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 40(2).

 

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. (3ro ed.). Thousand Oaks,

CA: Sage, 5-6,13-14, 85-86, 89-92, 93.

 

Zanariah Dimon, Nurzatil Ismah Azizan, Nazneen Ismail, Sahlawati Abu Bakar & Nurul

Husna Mohd Jabar. (2016). Pemulihan masalah sosial remaja menurut kerangka

Siasah Syariyyah: Tinjauan di Pusat Pemu/ihan Maj/is Agama Islam Selangor.

Zainudin Sharif & Norazmah Mohamad Rosian. (2011 ). Faktor-faktor yang

mempengaruhi remaja ter/ibat dalam masalah sosial di Sekolah Tunas Bakti,

Sungai Lereh, Me/aka.

., D

Akta Dadah Berbahaya ( 1952).

 

Akta Kanak-kanak (Akta 611) dan Peraturan-peraturan (2001).

 

Al-Quran Surah An Nisa': 103

 

Dasar-dasar Utama Kerajaan Malaysia (2010), 207.

 

Kamus Dewan Edisi Ke-4. (2007). Selangor: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Kanun Tatacara Jenayah Akta A 1273. (Pindaan 2006).

 

Kanun Tatacara Jenayah A274 (Pindaan, 2006).

 

Kanun Keseksaan Akta 574 (Pindaan 2004).

 

Ka.nun Keseksaan Akta 574 (Pindaan, 2006).

 

Maksud Surah An-Nisa': Ayat 103.

 

Parlimen Malaysia (2018). Senarai Rang Undang-undang, (dalam talian)

., http://www.parlimen.gov.my/bills-dewan-rakyat.html?uweb=dr&arkib=yes,

capaian 15 Januari 2018.

 

Peraturan Tetap Operasi Perintah Khidmat Masyarakat. (Pindaan 2011 ). Bahagian Perintah

Khidmat Masyarakat, Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat, Malaysia, Putrajaya.

 

Perlembagaan Persekutuan Kerajaan Malaysia. (2009). Cet. ke-14. Kuala Lumpur: MDC

Publishers Sdn. Bhd.

 

Pindaan Perkara 6(3). Perlembagaan Perselcutuan Kerajaan Malaysia. (2009). Cet. Ke-

14. Kuala Lumpur: MDC Publishers Sdn. Bhd.

 

Pindaan Seksyen 2, Kanun Keseksaan (Aleta 574) (Pindaan 2004)

 

Probation Division, A. 0. of the U.S.C. (1989). Implementing Community Cervice: The

Referral Process. Federal Probation 53.

 

Riwayat Al-Termizi

 

Seksyen 39(8) Akta Dadah Be:-bahaya ( 1952).

 

Seksyen 293 (l)(e)(i) Akta Kanun Tatacara Jenayah (Pindaan 2006).

 

Seksyen 54 dan 55, Akta Kesalahan Jenayah Syariah (Akta 593) (Wilayah-wilayah

Persekutuan) (Akta 539) ( 1997).

 

Seksyen 2, Kanun Acara Jenayah (Akta 593) (Pindaan 1999),

 

Seksyen 293, Kanun Acara Jenayah (Akta 593) (Pindaan 1999).

 

Seksyen 293 Kamm Tatacara Jenayah (Pindaan, 2006).

 

Seksyen 293 (l)(e) Kanun Prosedur Jenayah (Akt.a 593)

 

Seksyen 293 ( 1 )( e )(i), Kanun Tatacara Jenayah (Akta 593) (Pindaan 1999)

 

Sub Seksyen 293(1)(e)(iii), Kanun Tatacara Jenayah (Akta 593) (Pindaan 2006).

 

Sub Perenggan 293(1)(e)(i) Kanun Tatacara Jenayah (Akta 593) (Pindaan 2006).

 

Sub Perenggan 293(1)(e)(i) Kanun Tatacara Jenayah (Akta A1274) (Pindaan 2006).