Agaj, F. (2016). The impact of multimedia in teaching and learning. European Journal

Of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(6), 72-77.

 

Almarabeh,  H.,  Amer,  E.,  & Sulieman,  A.  (2015).  The  effectiveness  of  multimedia learning  

tools  in  education.  International  Journal  of  Advanced  Research  in Computer Science and 

Software Engineering. 5. 761.

 

Aloraini, S. I. (2005). Distance learning. Alretha Press, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

 

Alqahtani,  A.  S.,  Daghestani,  L.  F.,  &  Ibrahim,  L.  F.  (2017).  Techniques  used  to 

Improve  Spatial  Visualization  Skills  of  Students  in  Engineering  Graphics Course: A Survey. 

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications. 8 (3), 91-100.

 

Anderson, T. W., & Darling, D. A. (1952). Asymptotic theory of certain “Goodness of  fit”  criteria 

 based  on  stochastic  processes.  The  annals  of  mathematical statistics. 23(2), 193-212.

 

Anthony,  D.  A.  (2015).  3D  Augmented  Reality  Science  Book  Developed  Using Panda3d Sdk And 

Pype.

 

Autodesk Knowledge Network (2017). Standard Primitives. 

https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/3ds-max/learn- 

explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2017/ENU/3DSMax/files/GUID- 

66152BDE-BA64-423F-8472-C1F0EB409E16-htm.html

 

Avery, B., Thomas, B., Velikovsky, J., & Piekarski, W. (2005). Outdoor Augmented Reality Gaming on 

Five Dollars a Day.79-88.

 

Azimi, K., Ahmadigol, J., & Rastegarpour, H. (2015). A Survey of the Effectiveness of Instructional 

Design ADDIE and Multimedia on Learning Key Skills of Futsal. Journal of Educational and Management 

Studies, 5(3), 180-186.

 

Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., & MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent 

advances in augmented reality, IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., vol. 21,

no. 6, pp. 34-47.

 

Azuma, R. T. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence, 6(4), 355–385.

 

Bal,   E.,   &   Bicen,   H.   (2016).   Computer   hardware   course   application   through 

augmented reality and QR code ?ntegration: achievement levels and views of students. 12th 

International Conference on Application of Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing, ICAFS. Procedia 

Computer Science 102, 267–272.

 

Brooke, J. (1986). System Usability Scale (SUS)

 

Bunge, M. (1967). Scientific Research 1: The Search For System. Springer-Verlag, New York.

 

Cahen,  I.  S.  &  Linn,  R.  L.  (1971).  Regions  of  significant  criterion  difference  in 

aptitude-   treatment   interaction   research,   American   Educational   Research Journal 8 

(1971), 521–530.

 

Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S. J. H., & Hwang, G. J. (2014). An augmented reality based mobile   

learning   system   to   improve   students'   learning   achievements   and motivations in natural 

science inquiry activities. J. Edu. Technol. Soc., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 352-365.

 

Crow,  L.  D.,  & Crow,  (1956).  Human  Development  and  Learning,  American  Book Company, New 

York.

 

Curino, C. et al., (2011). Relational cloud: A database-as-a-service for the cloud, in Proc.  5th  

Biennial  Conf.  Innov.  Data  Syst.  Res.,  Asilomar,  CA,  USA,  Jan. 2011.

 

De  Alencar  Carvalho,  C.  V.,  &  Lemos,  B.  M.  (2014).  Possibilities  of  Augmented Reality  

Use  in  Mathematics  Aiming  at  a  Meaningful  Learning.  Creative Education, 2014, 5, 690-700.

 

Delianidi, M., Papanikolaou, A., & Ilioudis, C. (2017). A Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR)    Blended 

   Learning    Application    for    Primary    School    Pupils. 

www.researchgate.net/publication/301621333.

 

De  Sousa,  L.,  Richter,  B.,  &  Nel,  C.  (2017).  The  effect  of  multimedia  use  on  the 

teaching  and  learning  of  social  sciences  at  tertiary  level:  a  case  study.

Yesterday and Today.

 

Dimitrov,   D.   M.   &   Rumrill,   Jr.   P.   D.   (2003).   Pretest-posttest   designs   and

measurement of change. Work 20 (2003) 159–165.

 

Ellis, T. J., & Levy, Y. (2008). Framework of problem-based research: A guide for novice   

researchers   on   the   development   of   a   research-worthy   problem. Informing Science. 11.

 

Ernst,  J.  V.,  Lane,  D.,  & Clark,  A.  C.  (2015).  “Pictorial  Visual  Rotation  Ability of 

Engineering   Design   Graphics   Students,”   Engineering   Design   Graphics Journal, 79(1), 

1–13.

 

Essays,  UK.  (2018).  Multimedia  Applications  for  Educational  Purposes.  Retrieved from        

    https://www.ukessays.com/essays/media/multimedia-applications- educstional-4151.php?vref=1

 

Fernandez, A., Insfran, E., & Abrahao, S. (2011). Usability Evaluation Methods For The Web: A 

Systematic Mapping Study. Information & Software Technology. 53. 789-817.

 

Fujimoto, Y., Yamamoto, G., Taketomi, T., Miyazaki, J., & Kato, H. (2013). Relation between  

displaying  features  of  augmented  reality  and  user’s  memorization. Transactions of the 

Virtual Reality Society of Japan, 18(1), 81–91.

 

Furio, D., Juan, M. C., Segui, I., & Vivo, R. (2014). Mobile learning vs. traditional classroom   

lessons:   a   comparative   study.   Journal   of   Computer   Assisted Learning.

 

Gelso, C. (2006). Applying theories to research: The interplay of theory and research in  science.  

In  F.T.  Leong  &  J.T.  Austin  (Eds.),  The  psychology  research handbook. Thousand Oaks, CA: 

Sage.

Retreived from http://www.sageereference.com/hdbk_psychrsch/Article_n32

 

George,  E.,  Liacouras,  P.,  Rybicki,  F.  J.,  &  Mitsouras,  D.  (2017).  Measuring  and 

Establishing the Accuracy and Reproducibility of 3D Printed Medical Models. Radiographics.rsna.org. 

37 (5), 1424-1450.

 

Gilbert,  J.  K.  (2004).  Models  and  Modelling:  Routes  to  More  Authentic  Science Education. 

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2(2), 115-130. 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10763-004-3186-4

 

Gridway      digital      (2014).      3D      Animation      Process      and      Workflow. 

http://www.slideshare.net/dmadzel/gridway-digital-the-3-d-animation-process-

-workflow.

 

Gutiérrez, L. M.,   Contero, M., & Alcañiz. M. (2015). Augmented reality to training

spatial skills. Procedia Computer Science 77, 33-39.

 

Heinen, J. (1985). A primer on psychological theory. The Journal of Psychology, 119, 413-421.

 

Hsu, T. -C., Lee-Hsieh, J., Turton, M. A., & Cheng, S.-F. (2014). “Using the ADDIE model to develop 

online continuing education courses on caring for nurses in Taiwan,” Journal of Continuing 

Education in Nursing, 45(3), 124–131.

 

Hu,  M.,  &  Xu,  S.  (2012).  Research  of  Multimedia  Teaching  on  Principles  of Management. 

IERI Procedia, 2, 666-670.

 

Huang,  K-T.,  Ball,  C.,  Francis,  J.,  Ratan,  R.,  Boumis,  J.,  &  Fordham,  J.  (2018). 

Augmented   versus   virtual   reality   in   education:   An   exploratory   study examining 

science knowledge retention when using augmented reality/virtual reality mobile applications. 

Cyberpsychol behave soc netw. 22(2), 105-110.

 

Hunt, S. D. (1991). Modern Marketing Theory:  Critical  Issues in the  Philosophy of Marketing 

Science. Southwestern Publishing, Cincinnati, OH.

 

Igwenagu, C. (2016). Fundamentals of research methodology and data collection.

 

Itoh,  Y.,  & Klinker, G.  (2014). AInteraction-free calibration  for optical see-through 

head-mounted displays based on 3D Eye localization.

 

Jamali,  S.  S.,  Shiratuddin,  M.  F.,  Wong,  K.  W.,  &  Oskam,  C.  L.  (2015).  Utilising 

Mobile-Augmented   Reality   for   Learning   Human   Anatomy.   7th   World Conference  on  

Educational  Sciences,  (WCES-2015).  Procedia-Social  and Behavioral Sciences 197, 659–668.

 

Karen  T.  D’Alonzo,  (2004).  The  Johnson-Neyman  Procedure  as  an  Alternative  to ANCOVA. West 

J Nurs Res. 2004 November ; 26(7): 804–812.

 

Karimi,  H.  A.,  &  Hammad,  A.  (2004).  Eds.,  Telegeoinformatics:  Location-Based Computing and 

Services. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2004.

 

Katie, V. H., Gyory, P., Ngo, H., & Sumner, T. (2018). Enhancing 3D Modeling with Augmented   

Reality   in   an   After-school   Engineering   Program   (Work   in Progress). 2018 ASEE Annual 

Conference and Exposition.

 

Khan, M. (2002).Teaching Methodology for 3D Animation.ICCE '02: Proceedings of

the International Conference on Computers in Education.

 

King, R. (2014). 3D animation for the raw beginner using maya. London: CRC.

 

Kock, T.  (2010).  The future directions of  mobile augmented  reality applications, in Proc. 

PIXEL, 2010, pp. 1-10.

 

Kramer, M., Olson, D., & Walker, J. D. (2018). Design and Assessment  of Online, Interactive  

Tutorials  That  Teach  Science  Process  Skills.  CBE  life  sciences education, 17(2), ar19.

 

Kysela, J. & Storkova, P. (2015). Using augmented reality as a medium for teaching history and 

tourism. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 174, 926-931.

 

Lewis,  J.,  &  Sauro,  J.  (2009).  The  factor  structure  of  the  system  usability  scale.

Human centered design, 94-103.

 

Liarokapis, F., Mourkoussis, N., White, M., Darcy, J., Sifniotis, M., Petridis, P., Basu, A., & 

Lister, P. (2004). Web3D and augmented reality to support engineering education.  World  

Transactions  on  Engineering  and  Technology  Education 2004, 3(1), 11-14.

 

Majid,  N.  A.  A.,  Mohammed,  H.,  &  Sulaiman,  R.  (2015).  Students'  perception  of mobile  

augmented  reality  applications  in  learning  computer  organization. Procedia-Social and 

Behavioral Sciences 176, 111–116.

 

Malik,   S.   &   Agarwal,   A.   (2012).   Use   of   Multimedia   as   a   New   Educational 

Technology Tool-A Study. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 468-471. 

10.7763/IJIET.2012.181.

 

Matsutomo,  S.,  Miyauchi,  T.,  Noguchi,  S.,  &  Yamashita,  H.  (2012).  Real-time visualization 

system of magnetic field utilizing augmented reality technology for education. IEEE Transactions on 

Magnetics, 48(2), 531–534.

 

Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press. 

 

Mayer,  R.  E.  &  Moreno,  R.  (2003).  Nine  Ways  to  Reduce  Cognitive  Load  in

Multimedia Learning. Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 43–52.

 

Mayer,  R.  E.,  Mathias,  A.,  &  Wetzell,  K.  (2002).  Fostering  understanding  of multimedia 

messages through pre-training: Evidence for a two-stage theory of mental model construction. 

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8,

147–154.

 

Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia learning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,

1, 2-3.

 

Mayer, R. E., & Chandler, P. (2001). When learning is just a click away: Does simple

user interaction foster deeper understanding of multimedia messages? Journal of Educational 

Psychology, 93, 390–397.

 

Mayer,  R.  E.,  Heiser,  J.,  &  Lonn,  S.  (2001).  Cognitive  constraints  on  multimedia 

learning: When presenting more material results in less understanding. Journal of Educational 

Psychology, 93, 187–198

 

Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (1998). A split-attention effect in multimedia learning: Evidence   for  

 dual   processing   systems   in   working   memory.   Journal   of Educational Psychology, 90, 

312–320.

 

Mayer,   R.   E.,   &   Anderson,   R.   B.   (1991).   Animations   need   narrations:   An 

experimental   test   of   a   dual-coding   hypothesis.   Journal   of   Educational Psychology, 

83, 484-490.

 

Mazyrah,  (2009).  The  Development  and  Usability  of  a  Multimedia   Black   Cat Courseware   

using   Storytelling   Approach.   Thesis   Universiti   Teknologi Petronas. (Not published).

 

Merrill,  M.  D.,  Drake,  L.,  Lacy,  M.  J.,  Pratt,  J.  (1996).  Reclaiming  Instructional 

Design. Educational Technology, 36(5), 5-7.

 

Meshram,  S.  (2015).  Constructive  Learning  Theory:  Exploring  the  Possibilities  for this  

Interactive  Teaching  Learning  Methods  in  Physiotheraphy  Education.  J Nov Physiother 5:258. 

doi:10.4172/2165-7025.1000258.

 

Mezirow, J. (2000). Learning as Transformation: Critical Perspectives on a Theory in Progress, 

ERIC.

 

Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative learning: Theory to practice. New directions for adult and 

continuing education.

 

Miller, J. P. (2010). Whole child education, University of Toronto Press. 

 

Miller, J. P. (2007). The holistic curriculum, University of Toronto press.

 

Ministry of Education. (2012). Malaysian Education Blueprint 2013-2025. Ministry of

Education Malaysia.

 

Ministry of Higher Education. (2007). National Higher Education Action Plan 2007-

2010: Triggering higher education transformation.

 

Montgomery,  D.  C.  (2012).  Design  and  analysis  of  experiments  8th  Edition.  John Wiley & 

Sons.

 

Moore, D. S. & McCabe, G. P. (1999). Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 3rd ed. New York: 

W. H. Freeman, 1999.

 

Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. E. (2002). Verbal redundancy in multimedia learning: When reading helps 

listening. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 156–163.

 

Moreno, R., Mayer, R. E., Spires, H. A., & Lester, J. C. (2001). The case for social agency in 

computer-based multimedia learning: Do students learn more deeply when   they   interact   with   

animated   pedagogical   agents?   Cognition   and Instruction, 19, 177–214.

 

Moreno,  R.  &  Mayer,  R.  E.  (2000).  A  Learner  Centered  Approach  to  Multimedia 

Explanations:   Deriving   Instructional   Design   Principles   from   Cognitive Theory".  

Interactive  Multimedia  Electronic  Journal  of  Computer  Enhanced Learning.

 

Moreno, R., & Mayer, R. E. (1999). Cognitive principles of multimedia learning: The role of 

modality and contiguity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 358– 368.

 

Morrison, G. R. (2010). Designing Effective Instruction, 6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons.

 

Muruganantham,  G.  (2015).  Developing  of  E-content  package  by  using  ADDIE Model. 

International Journal of Applied Research 2015, 1(3), 52-54.

 

New  Straits  Times  (2016).  Chasing  the  dream  in  animation.  New  Straits  Times. Retrieved   

   from      https://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/03/139977/chasing- dream-animation

 

Ng, G. W., and A. Shaziti. (2004). Augmented Reality in Education and Training. In, Proceedings  of 

 National  Conference  on  E-Learning,  13-19.  In,  Center  of Learning Technology and Multimdia. 

University of Science Malaysia: Penang, Malaysia.

 

Nicholson, A. Y., & Ngai, J. Y. (1996). Managing the development and production of interactive   

multimedia   courseware   in   education.   Australasian   Journal   of

Educational Technology, 12(1).

 

Nincarean,  D.,  Bilal  Ali,  M.,  Abdul  Halim,  N.,  Hishamuddin  Abdul  Rahman,  M.

(2013).  Mobile  Augmented  Reality:  The  Potential  for  Education.  Procedia  - Social and 

Behavioral Sciences 103. 657-664.

 

NSW Environmental Trust (2011). What makes a good objective?

 

Paavola,   S.   &  Hakkarainen,   K.   (2005).   The   knowledge   creation   metaphor–An emergent 

epistemological approach to learning. Science & Education, 14, 535- 557.

 

Patkar,  V.  (2018).  Research  Methodology:  Logic,  Methods  and  Cases.  VIKALPA: The Journal 

For Decision Makers. 43(3), 175-177.

 

Penang Monthly (2015). Does malaysia’s animation industry have a future?. Penang Monthly.  

Retrieved from http://penangmonthly.com/article.aspx?pageid=4114&name=does_malaysias_ 

animation_industry_have_a_future?

 

Peres, S. C., Pham, T., & Phillips, R. (2013). Validation of the System Usability Scale (SUS): SUS 

in the wild. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 57th Annual Meeting - 2013. 

57, 192-196.

 

Reinbold,  S.  (2013).  “Using  the  ADDIE  model  in  designing  library  instruction,” Medical 

Reference Services Quarterly, 32(3),244–256.

 

Remondino, F., & El-Hakim, S. (2006). Image?based 3D Modelling: A Review. The Photogrammetric 

Record. 21. 269 - 291. 10.1111/j.1477-9730.2006.00383.x.

 

Renevier,  P.,  &  Nigay,  L.  (2001).  Mobile  collaborative  augmented  reality:  The augmented   

stroll,   in   Proc.   8th   IFIP   Int.   Conf.   Eng.   Human-Comput. Interaction (EHCI), London, 

U.K., 2001, pp. 299-316.

 

Reynolds, P. D. (1971). A Primer In Theory Construction, BobbsMerrill Educational Publishing, IN.

 

Saidin,  N.  F.,  Halim,  N.  D.  A.,  &  Yahaya,  N.  (2015).  A  Review  of  Research  on 

Augmented Reality in Education: Advantages and Applications. International education studies, 8 

(13).

 

Santos,  M.  E.  C.,  Lübke,  A.,  Taketomi,  T.,  Yamamoto,  G.,  Rodrigo,  M.  M.  T., to,  H.  

(2014b).  Evaluating  augmented  reality  for  situated vocabulary learning. In Proceedings of APSCE 22nd International Conference

on Computers in Education, pp. 701–710.

 

Sauro,  J.  (2011).  Measuring  Usability  with  the  System  Usability  Scale  (SUS).

Retrieved from https://measuringu.com/sus/

 

Selay, A. & Buket, A. (2008). A Study on the development process of a multimedia learning 

environment according to the ADDIE model and students’ opinions of the multimedia learning 

environment. Interactive Educational Multimedia, 17,1-19.

 

Sethi, (2005). Multimedia Education: Theory and Practice. Mittal Publications, 1, 1-8. 

 

Sfard, A. (1998). On Two Metaphors for Learning and the Dangers of Choosing Just

One. Educational Researcher, 27(2), 4-13.

 

Shearer,  B.  (2018).  Multiple  Intelligences  in  Teaching  and  Education:  Lessons Learned    

from    Neuroscience.    Journal    of    Intelligence.    2018,    6,    38; 

doi:10.3390/jintelligence6030038

 

Silva, R., Oliveira, J. C. & Giraldi, G. A. (2003). Introduction to augmented reality.

 

Statistics Solutions. (2019). Normality. Retrieved from 

http://www.statisticssolutions.com/academic-solutions/resources/directory-of- 

statistical-analyses/normality/

 

Stevens,  J.  (1996).  Applied  multivariate  statistics  for  the  social  sciences  3rd  ed., 

Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, 1996.

 

Su, C., Xu, W., Feng, K. C. (2014). A case study of Augmented Reality simulation system application 

in a chemistry course. Computers in Human Behavior 37, 31–40.

 

Sweller,  J.,  Van  Merrienboer,  J.,  &  Paas,  F.  (1998).  Cognitive  architecture  and 

instructional design. Educational Psychology Review. 10(3), 251-296.

 

Sweller,  J.  (1988).  Cognitive  load  during  problem  solving:  Effects  on  learning.

Cognitive Science. 12(2), 257-285.

 

Tarng, W. & Ou, K. L. (2012). A study of campus butterfly ecology learning system based  on  

augmented  reality  and  mobile  learning.  In  Proceedings  of  IEEE International Conference on 

Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in

Education, 62–66.

 

Thangaraj, J. & Lakshmi Narayanan, R. (2018). Industry 1.0 To 4.0: The Evolution

Of Smart Factories.

 

The Star  Online  (2014).  The  evolution  of  Malaysia’s  animation  industry.  Retrieved from 

https://www.thestar.com.my/lifestyle/entertainment/movies/news/2014/09/04/t 

he-evolution-of-malaysias-animation-industry/

 

Toby Mordkoff, J. (2016). Retrieved from 

http://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/faculty/mordkoff/GradStats/part%201/I.0 7%20normal.pdf

 

Tullis, T. S., & Stetson, J. N. (2004). A comparison of questionnaires for assessing website   

usability.   Proceedings   of   UPA   2004   Conference.   Minneapolis, Minnesota.

 

Valentini, P. P., & Pezzuti, E. (2010). Interactive multibody simulation in Augmented Reality. 

Journal Of Theoretical And Applied Mechanics. 48, 733-750.

 

Vaughan, T. (2011). Multimedia: Making It Works. 8th Edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 2011.

 

Viirre,  E.,  Pryor,  H.,  Nagata,  S.,  &  Furness,  T.  A.  (1998).  The  Virtual  Retinal 

Display:  A  New  Technology  for  Virtual  Reality  and  Augmented  Vision  in Medicine.  In  

Proceedings  of  Medicine  Meets  Virtual  Reality,  San  Diego, California, USA, pp. 252-257.

 

Wang, T. (2010). Educational Benefits of Multimedia Skills Training. Techtrends. 54.

47-57.

 

Xia,   S.   A.   (2011).   Interactive   Design   Research   of   Multimedia   Courseware   in 

Teaching. In Advanced Materials Research (Vol. 271, pp. 1472-1477). Trans

Tech Publications.