UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :GV Recreation Leisure
Main Author :Khairul Sham Hanapiah
Title :Pembinaan bateri ujian pengenalpastian bakat bola sepak pemain lelaki bawah 14 tahun
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan
Year of Publication :2021
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file
PDF Full Text :Login required to access this item.

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Kajian ini bertujuan membina bateri ujian pengenalpastian bakat bola sepak pemain lelaki   bawah   14   tahun.   Kajian   ini   menggunakan   reka   bentuk   kajian   tinjauan  (cross-sectional).  Seramai  208  orang  pemain  bola  sepak  lelaki  bawah  14  dipilih menjadi  sampel kajian menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak berstrata. Instrumen kajian   yang   terdiri    daripada   sejarah   latihan,   antropometri,   kecergasan   fizikal, kemahiran  teknikal,   kebolehan  bermain  bola  sepak,  kemahiran  taktikal,  psikologi, sosiologi,  persekitaran  dan   penilaian  subjektif  jurulatih  mempunyai  nilai  kesahan (r = .82 – .96), kebolehpercayaan (r =  .81 – .99) dan objektiviti (r = .91 – .99) yang tinggi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan  statistik deskriptif dan inferensi. Analisis faktor  menunjukkan  20  item  mewakili  soal  selidik   kemahiran  taktikal,  50  item mewakili  soal  selidik  psikologi  dan  35  item  mewakili  soal   selidik  sokongan  sosial. Analisis   regresi   berganda   menunjukkan   kesemua   variabel    peramal   mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan ke atas kebolehan bermain bola sepak [R Squared =  .703, F(58, 149) = 6.080, p = .000]. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan jumlah jam seminggu latihan   bola  sepak,  jumlah  jam  seminggu  perlawanan  bola  sepak,  ketinggian,  berat badan, indeks  jisim tubuh, lompat jauh berdiri, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tahap satu, keupayaan  pecut   berulang  Bangsbo,  hantaran  jauh,  menggelecek,  transisi  bertahan kepada  menyerang,  transisi   menyerang  kepada  bertahan,  keyakinan  diri,  motivasi, sokongan  jurulatih,  kesan  umur   relatif  dan  penilaian  subjektif  jurulatih  mempunyai korelasi  yang  signifikan  ke  atas   kebolehan  bermain  bola  sepak.  Analisis  deskriptif menunjukkan Skor Indeks Peramal Bakat Bola  Sepak dapat dibina berdasarkan skor instrumen  ujian  pengenalpastian  bakat  bola  sepak  pemain   lelaki  bawah  14  tahun. Kesimpulannya, bateri ujian pengenalpastian bakat bola sepak boleh  digunakan untuk mengukur  prestasi  pemain  lelaki  bawah  14  tahun.  Implikasi  kajian   menunjukkan penggunaan bateri ujian pengenalpastian bakat bola sepak dapat membantu jurulatih dan  pasukan pencarian bakat dalam proses pemilihan pemain lelaki bawah 14 tahun.  

References

Abbott, A., & Collins, D. (2002). A theoretical and empirical analysis of a “state of the

art” talent identification model. High Ability Studies, 13(2), 157–178.

 

Abdullah, M. R., Musa, R. M., Kosni, N. A., Maliki, A. B. H. M., & Haque, M. (2016). Profiling and 

distinction of specific skills related performance and fitness level between senior and junior 

Malaysian youth soccer players. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(3), 64–71.

 

Abrantes, C., Macas, V., & Sampaio, J. (2004). Variation in football players’ sprint test 

performance  across  different  ages  and  levels  of  competition.  Journal  of Sports Science and 

Medicine, 3(1), 44–49.

 

Adams,  J.  A.  (1971).  A  closed-loop  theory  of  motor  learning.  Journal  of  Motor Behavior, 

3(2), 111–150.

 

Ahmad  Hashim.  (2014).  Panduan  analisis  data  secara  efisien:  Panduan  lengkap berajah untuk 

menganalisis data. Bandar Baru Bangi: Dubook Press Sdn Bhd.

 

Ahmad Hashim. (2015). Pengujian, pengukuran dan penilaian Pendidikan Jasmani.

Bandar Baru Bangi: Dubook Press Sdn Bhd.

 

Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Almuzaini, K. S., Al-Refaee, S. A., Sulaiman, M. A., Dafterdar, M. Y., 

Al-Ghamedi, A., & Al-Khuraiji, K. N. (2001). Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics  of  Saudi 

 elite  soccer  players.  Journal  of  Sports  Medicine  and Physical Fitness, 41(1), 54–61.

 

Ali, A. (2011). Measuring soccer skill performance: A review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and 

Science in Sports, 21(2), 170–183.

 

Ali, A., Williams, C., Hulse, M., Strudwick, A., Reddin, J., Howarth, L., & McGregor,

S. (2007). Reliability and validity of two tests of soccer skill. Journal of Sports Sciences, 

25(13), 1461–1470.

 

Allen, M. S., Greenlees, I., & Jones, M. (2013). Personality in sport: A comprehensive review. 

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 184–208.

 

Altmann, S., Ringhof, S., Neumann, R., Woll, A., & Rumpf, M. C. (2019). Validity and reliability of 

speed tests used in soccer: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 14(8),

1–38.

 

Ames, C. (1992). Achievement goals and adaptive motivational patterns: The role of

the environment.  In G.  C. Roberts (Ed.),  Motivation in sport and exercise  (pp. 161–176). 

Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., & Qin, Y. (2004).

An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review, 111(4), 1036–1060.

 

Andersson, H., Ekblom, B., & Krustrup, P. (2008). Elite football on artificial turf versus natural  

grass:  Movement  patterns,  technical  standards,  and  player  impressions. Journal of Sports 

Sciences, 26(2), 113–122.

 

Aquino,  R.,  Alves,  I.  S.,  Padilha,  M.  B.,  Casanova,  F.,  Puggina,  E.  F.,  &  Maia,  J. 

(2017a). Multivariate profiles of selected versus non-selected elite youth Brazilian soccer 

players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 60(1), 113–121.

 

Aquino,  R.,  Puggina,  E.  F.,  Alves,  I.  S.,  &  Garganta,  J.  (2017b).  Skill-related 

performance in soccer: A systematic review. Human Movement, 18(5), 3–24.

 

Arnason, A., Sigurdsson, S. B., Gudmundsson, A., Holme, I., Engebretsen, L., & Bahr,

R. (2004). Physical fitness, injuries, and team performance in soccer. Medicine and Science in 

Sports and Exercise, 36(2), 278–285.

 

Artero, E. G., Espana-Romero, V., Castro-Pinero, J., Ortega, F. B., Suni, J., Castillo- Garzon, M. 

J., & Ruiz, J. R. (2011). Reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. International Journal 

of Sports Medicine, 32(3), 159–169.

 

Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Sorensen, C., & Walker, D. A. (2014). Introduction to research in education 

(9th ed.). United States: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

 

Asian  Football  Confederation.  (2000a).  “B”  certificate  coaching  manual  (3rd  ed.).

Kuala Lumpur: Asian Football Confederation.

 

Asian  Football  Confederation.  (2000b).  “C”  certificate  coaching  manual  (3rd  ed.).

Kuala Lumpur: Asian Football Confederation.

 

Augste, C., & Lames, M. (2011). The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer 

teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(9), 983–987.

 

Aurelio, J., Dias, E., Soares, T., Jorge, G., Andre, M., Espada, C., & Figueiredo, T. (2016).  

Relationship  between  body  composition,  anthropometry  and  physical fitness in under-12 soccer 

players of different positions. International Journal of

Sports Science, 6(1A), 25–30.

 

Baker, J., Cote, J., & Abernethy, B. (2003). Sport-specific practice and the development

of   expert   decision-making   in   team   ball   sports.   Journal   of   Applied   Sport 

Psychology, 15(1), 12–25.

 

Baker, J., & Horton, S. (2004). A review of primary and secondary influences on sport expertise. 

High Ability Studies, 15(2), 211–228.

 

Baker,  J.,  Horton,  S.,  Robertson-Wilson,  J.,  &  Wall,  M.  (2003).  Nurturing  sport 

expertise: Factors influencing the development of elite athlete. Journal of Sports Science and 

Medicine, 2(1), 1–9.

 

Baker, J., Schorer, J., & Wattie, N. (2017). Compromising talent: Issues in identifying and 

selecting talent in sport. Quest, 70(1), 48–63.

 

Balyi,  I.,  &  Hamilton,  A.  (2004).  Long-term  athlete  development:  Trainability  in children 

and adolescents. Windows of opportunity. Optimal trainability. Victoria, B.C.:  National  Coaching  

Institute  British  Columbia  &  Advanced  Training  and Performance Ltd.

 

Bangsbo, J. (1996). Physiological factors associated with efficiency in high intensity exercise. 

Sports Medicine, 22(5), 299–305.

 

Bangsbo,  J,  &  Lindquist,  F.  (1992).  Comparison  of  various  exercise  tests  with endurance  

performance  during  soccer  in  professional  players.  International Journal of Sports Medicine, 

13(2), 125–132.

 

Bangsbo, J. (2003). Fitness training in soccer: A scientific approach. Spring City, PA: Reedswain 

Publishing.

 

Bangsbo,  J.  (2014).  Physiological  demands  of  football.  Sports  Science  Exchange, 27(125), 

1–6.

 

Bangsbo,  J.,  Iaia,  F.  M.,  &  Krustrup,  P.  (2007).  Metabolic  response  and  fatigue  in 

soccer. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2(2), 111– 127.

 

Bangsbo, J., Iaia, F. M., & Krustrup, P. (2008). The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: A useful 

tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 37–51.

 

Bangsbo,  J.,  Mohr,  M.,  &  Krustrup,  P.  (2006).  Physical  and  metabolic  demands  of 

training and match-play in the elite football player. Journal of Sports Sciences,

24(7), 665–674.

 

Bangsbo,  J.,  Norregaard,  L.,  &  Thorso,  F.  (1991).  Activity  profile  of  competition

soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 16(2), 110–116.

 

Barnes, C., Archer, D. T., Hogg, B., Bush, M., & Bradley, P. S. (2014). The evolution of physical 

and technical performance parameters in the English premier league. International Journal of Sports 

Medicine, 35(13), 1095–1100.

 

Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., & Okely,  

A.  D.  (2016).  Correlates  of  gross  motor  competence  in  children  and adolescents:  A  

systematic  review  and  meta-analysis.  Sports  Medicine,  46(11), 1663–1688.

 

Barnsley, R. H., Thompson, A. H., & Legault, P. (1992). Family planning: Football style. The 

relative age effect in football. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27(1), 77–87.

 

Barrera,  M.  (1986).  Distinctions  between  social  support  concepts,  measures,  and models. 

American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 413–446.

 

Baumgartner,  T.  A.,  &  Hensley,  L.  D.  (2013).  Conducting  &  reading  research  in 

kinesiology (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.

 

Baumgartner, T. A., Jackson, A. S., Mahar, M. T., & Rowe, D. A. (2016). Measurement for evaluation 

in kinesiology (9th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

 

Baxter-Jones,  A.  D.  G.  (1995).  Growth  and  development  of  young  athletes:  Should 

competition levels be age related? Sports Medicine, 20(2), 59–64.

 

Bell, W., & Rhodes, G. (1975). The morphological characteristics of the association football 

player. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(4), 196–200.

 

Bennett, K. J. M., Novak, A. R., Pluss, M. A., Christopher, J., Coutts, A. J., & Fransen,

J. (2017). The use of small-sided games to assess skill proficiency in youth soccer players: A 

talent identification tool. Science and Medicine in Football, 2(3), 231– 236.

 

Berry, J., Abernethy, B., & Cote, J. (2008). The contribution of structured activity and deliberate 

play to the development of expert perceptual and decision-making skill. Journal of Sport and 

Exercise Psychology, 30(6), 685–708.

 

Bhasah Abu Bakar. (2006). Pengujian, pengukuran dan penilaian pendidikan. Kuala

Lumpur: Pustaka Salam Sdn. Bhd.

 

Bianco, A., Jemni, M., Thomas, E., Patti, A., Paoli, A., Ramos Roque, J., & Tabacchi,

G. (2015). A systematic review to determine reliability and usefulness of the field- based  test  

batteries  for the  assessment  of  physical  fitness  in  adolescents  –  The ASSO   project.   In 

  International   Journal   of   Occupational   Medicine   and Environmental Health, 28(3), 

445-478.

 

Bishop, D., Girard, O., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability part II: 

Recommendations for training. Sports Medicine, 41(9), 741–756.

 

Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., Butterly, R., & O’Donoghue, P. (2005). Analysis of age, stature,  body  

mass,  BMI  and  quality  of  elite  soccer  players  from  4  European Leagues. Journal of Sports 

Medicine and Physical Fitness, 45(1), 58–67.

 

Bompa,  T.  O.,  &  Haff,  G.  G.  (2009).  Periodization:  Theory  and  methodology  of training 

(5th ed.).Champaigh, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

Boone, J., Vaeyens, R., Steyaert, A., Bossche, L. V., & Bourgois, J. (2012). Physical fitness of 

elite Belgian soccer players by player position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 

26(8), 2051–2057.

 

Boraczynski, M., Boraczynnski, T., Podstawski, R., & Wojcik, Z. (2015). Relationships between  

anthropometric  traits,  body  composition  and  aerobic  capacity in  male soccer players aged 13 

- 15 years. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences, 69(25), 33–40.

 

Borges, P. H., Guilherme, J., Rechenchosky, L., Costa, L. C. A., & Rinadi, W. (2017). Fundamental 

tactical principles of soccer: A comparison of different age groups. Journal of Human Kinetics, 

58(1), 207–214.

 

Bradley, P. S., Carling, C., Archer, D., Roberts, J., Dodds, A., Mascio, M., & Krustrup,

P. (2011). The effect of playing formation on high-intensity running and technical profiles in 

English FA premier league soccer matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(8), 821–830.

 

Bradley, P. S., Mascio, M., Peart, D., Olsen, P., & Sheldon, B. (2010). High-intensity activity 

profiles of elite soccer players at different performance levels. Journal of Strength and 

Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2343–2351.

 

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. 

United States: Harvard University Press.

 

Bruininks,  R.,  &  Bruininks,  B.  (2005).  BOT-2:  Bruininks-Oseretsky  tests  of  motor

proficiency (2nd ed.). Minneapolis: MN: NCS Pearson.

 

Brustio, P. R., Lupo, C., Ungureanu, A. N., Frati, R., Rainoldi, A., & Boccia, G. (2018).

The relative age effect is larger in Italian soccer top-level youth categories and smaller in Serie 

A. PLoS ONE, 13(4), 1–12.

 

Buchheit, M. (2012). Repeated-sprint performance in team sport players: Associations with  measures 

 of  aerobic  fitness,  metabolic  control  and  locomotor  function. International Journal of 

Sports Medicine, 33(3), 230–239.

 

Buchheit,  M.,  &  Mendez-Villanueva,  A.  (2014).  Effects  of  age,  maturity  and  body 

dimensions  on  match  running  performance  in  highly  trained  under-15  soccer players. Journal 

of Sports Sciences, 32(13), 1271–1278.

 

Burgess,  D.  J.,  &  Naughton,  G.  A.  (2010).  Talent  development  in  adolescent  team sports: 

A review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(1), 103–116.

 

Canhadas, I. L., Silva, R. L. P., Chaves, C. R., & Portes, L. A. (2010). Anthropometric and  

physical  fitness   characteristics  of   young  male  soccer  players.   Revista Brasileira de 

Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 12(4), 239–245.

 

Cardoso, F. D. S. L., Gonzalez-V?llora, S., Guilherme, J., & Teoldo, I. (2019). Young soccer  

players  with  higher  tactical  knowledge  display  lower  cognitive  effort. Perceptual and Motor 

Skills, 126(3), 499–514.

 

Carling, C. (2010). Analysis of physical activity profiles when running with the ball in a 

professional soccer team. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(3), 319–326.

 

Carling,  C.,  Christopher,  &  Orhant,  E.  (2010).  Variation  in  body  composition  in 

professional  soccer  players:  Interseasonal  and  intraseasonal  changes  and  the effects of 

exposure time and player position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1332–1339.

 

Casajus,  J.  A.  (2001).  Seasonal  variation  in  fitness  variables  in  professional  soccer 

player. Journal of Science Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(4), 463–469.

 

Castagna,  C.,  Impellizzeri,  F.  M.,  Chamari,  K.,  Carlomagno,  D.,  &  Rampinini,  E. (2006). 

Aerobic fitness and Yo-Yo continuous and intermittent tests performances in soccer players. Journal 

of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 320–325.

 

Castellano, J., Casamichana, D., & Lago, C. (2012). The use of match statistics that discriminate 

between successful and unsuccessful soccer teams. Journal of Human

Kinetics, 31(1), 139–147.

 

Castro-Pinero, J., Artero, E. G., Espana-Romero, V., Ortega, F. B., Sjostrom, M., Suni,

J., & Ruiz, J. R. (2010). Criterion-related validity of field-based muscular fitness tests in 

youth. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(3), 263–272.

 

Cattuzzo, M. T., Henrique, D. S. R., Re, A. H.  N.,  Oliveira, D.  I. S., Melo, B. M., Moura, D. S. 

M.,  & Stodden, D. (2016).  Motor  competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A 

systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(2), 123–129.

 

Christensen, M. K. (2009). “An eye for talent”: Talent identification and the “practical sense” of 

top-level soccer coaches. Sociology of Sport Journal, 26(3), 365–382.

 

Chua Yan Piaw. (2013). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan buku 3: Analisis data skala likert (ed. 

Ke-2). Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.

 

Chua  Yan  Piaw.  (2014).  Kaedah  dan  statistik  penyelidikan  buku  5:  Ujian  regresi, analisis 

faktor dan analisis SEM (ed. Ke-2). Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.

 

Clemente, F. M., Couceiro, M. S., Martins, F. M. L., Ivanova, M. O., & Mendes, R. (2013). Activity 

profiles of soccer players during the 2010 World Cup. Journal of Human Kinetics, 38(1), 201–211.

 

Clemente, F. M., Figueiredo, A. J., Martins, F. M. L., Mendes, R. S., & Wong, D. P. (2016).  

Physical  and  technical  performances  are  not  associated  with  tactical prominence in U14 

soccer matches. Research in Sports Medicine, 24(4), 352–362.

 

Cohen,  J.  (1988).  Statistical  power  analysis  for  the  behavioral  sciences  (2nd  ed.).

United States of America: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

 

Cohen, S., Gottlieb, B. H., & Underwood, L. G. (2000). Social relationships and health. In  S.  

Cohen,  L.  G.  Underwood,  &  B.  H.  Gottlieb  (Eds.),  Social  support measurement and 

intervention: A guide for health and social scientists (pp. 3–25). New York: Oxford University 

Press.

 

Costa,  I.  T.  D.,  Albuquerque,  R.  M.,  &  Garganta,  J.  (2012).  Relative  age  effect  in 

Brazilian   soccer   players:   A   historical   analysis.   International   Journal   of 

Performance Analysis in Sport, 12(3), 563–570.

 

Cote, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport. The

Sport Psychologist, 13(4), 395–417.

 

Cote, J., Baker, J., & Abernethy, B. (2003). From play to practice: A developmental

framework for the acquisition of expertise in team sport. In J. L. Starkes & K. A. Ericsson (Eds.), 

Expert Performance in Sports: Advances in Research on Sport Expertise (pp. 89–113). Champaign, IL: 

Human Kinetics.

 

Cote, J., Baker, J., & Abernethy, B. (2007). Practice and play in the development of sport 

expertise. In Handbook of sport psychology (3rd ed., pp. 184–202). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons Inc.

 

Cote,  J.,  Lidor,  R.,  &  Hackfort,  D.  (2009).  ISSP  position  stand:  To  sample  or  to 

specialize ? Seven postulates about youth sport activities that lead to continued participation and 

elite performance. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1), 7–17.

 

Council  of  Europe.  (1988).  Eurofit:  Handbook  for  the  EUROFIT  tests  of  physical fitness. 

Rome: Secretariat of the Committee for the Development of Sport within the Council of Europe.

 

Cristina-Elena,  M.,  &  Liliana-Elisabeta,  R.  (2014).  Aspects  regarding  the  level  of 

coordination  abilities  in  both  athletes  and  non-athletes.  Procedia  -  Social  and 

Behavioral Sciences, 117(201403), 162–166.

 

Cushion, C., Ford, P. R., & Williams, A. M. (2012). Coach behaviours and practice structures in 

youth soccer: Implications for talent development. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1631–1641.

 

Cvejic, D., Pejovic, T., & Ostojic, S. (2013). Assessment of Physical Fitness in Children and 

Adolescents. Physical Education and Sport, 11(2), 135–145.

 

Davids, K., Lees, A., & Burwitz, L. (2000). Understanding and measuring coordination and control in 

kicking skills in soccer: Implications for talent identification and skill acquisition. Journal of 

Sports Sciences, 18(9), 703–714.

 

Davis, J. A., Brewer, J., & Atkin, D. (1992). Pre-season physiological characteristics of english 

first and second division soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 10(6), 541–547.

 

De, S. P., Vasconcellos, F., De, S. G., Fonseca, R., & Dantas, E. (2012). Validity and 

reproducibility of the sargent jump test in the assessment of explosive strength in soccer players. 

Journal of Human Kinetics, 33(1), 115–121.

 

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determined human

behavior. New York: Plenum Press.

 

Deitz, J. C., Kartin, D., & Kopp, K. (2007). Review of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of

motor proficiency, second edition (BOT-2). Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, 27(4), 

87–102.

 

Delas,  S.,  Miletic,  A.,  &  Miletic,  D.  (2008).  The  influence  of  motor  factors  on 

performing  fundamental  movement  skills  –  The  differences  between  boys  and girls. Physical 

Education and Sport, 6(1), 31–39.

 

Dellal, A., Chamari, K., Wong, D. P., Ahmaidi, S., Keller, D., Barros, R., & Carling,

C. (2011). Comparison of physical and technical performance in European soccer match-play: Fa 

Premier League and La Liga. European Journal of Sport Science, 11(1), 51–59.

 

Den, H. R. J. R., Van, D. S. S., Hakvoort, B., Frencken, W. G. P., & Lemmink, K. A.

P.  M.  (2017).  Differences  in  game  reading  between  selected  and  non-selected youth soccer 

players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(4), 422–428.

 

Deprez,  D.,  Buchheit,  M.,  Fransen,  J.,  Pion,  J.,  Lenoir,  M.,  Philippaerts,  R.  M.,  & 

Vaeyens,   R.   (2015a).   A   longitudinal   study   investigating   the   stability   of 

anthropometry and soccer- specific endurance in pubertal high-level youth soccer players. Journal 

of Sports Science and Medicine, 14(2), 418–426.

 

Deprez, D., Coutts, A. J., Lenoir, M., Fransen, J., Pion, J., Philippaerts, R., & Vaeyens,

R. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 in young soccer 

players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(10), 903–910.

 

Deprez, D., Fransen, J., Boone, J., Lenoir, M., Philippaerts, R., & Vaeyens, R. (2015b). 

Characteristics of high-level youth soccer players: Variation by playing position. Journal of 

Sports Sciences, 33(3), 243–254.

 

Deprez, D., Fransen, J., Boone, J., Lenoir, M., Philippaerts, R., & Vaeyens, R. (2015c). 

Characteristics of high-level youth soccer players: Variation by playing position playing position. 

Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(3), 243–254.

 

Deprez, D. N., Fransen, J., Lenoir, M., Philippaerts, R. M., & Vaeyens, R. (2015d). A retrospective 

study on anthropometrical, physical fitness, and motor coordination characteristics that influence 

dropout, contract status, and first- team playing time in high-level soccer players aged eight to 

eighteen years. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1692–1704.

 

Deurenberg, P., Weststrate, J. A., & Seidell, J. C. (1991). Body mass index as a measure of body 

fatness: Age- and sex- specific prediction formulas.  British Journal of

Nutrition, 65, 105–114.

 

Di Salvo, V., Gregson, W., Atkinson, G., Tordoff, P., & Drust, B. (2009). Analysis of

high intensity activity in premier league soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(3), 

205–212.

 

Diedrichsen, J., Shadmehr, R., & Ivry, R. B. (2010). The coordination of movement: Optimal feedback 

control and beyond. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(1), 31– 39.

 

Dodd, K. D., & Newans, T. J. (2018a). Talent identification for soccer: Physiological aspects. 

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(10), 1073–1078.

 

Dodd, K. D., & Newans, T. J. (2018b). Talent identification for soccer: Physiological aspects. 

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(10), 1073–1078.

 

Drust, B., Atkinson, G., & Reilly, T. (2007). Future perspectives in the evaluation of the 

physiological demands of soccer. Sports Medicine, 37(9), 783–805.

 

Duarte, J. P., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., Costa, D., Martinho, D., Luz, L. G. O., Rebelo- Gonçalves, 

R., & Malina, R. M. (2019). Repeated sprint ability in youth soccer players: Independent and 

combined effects of relative age and biological maturity. Journal of Human Kinetics, 67(1), 

209–221.

 

Duda,  J.  L.,  &  Nicholls,  J.  G.  (1992).  Dimensions  of  achievement  motivation  in 

schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299.

 

Durand-Bush, N., & Salmela, J. H. (2002). The development and maintenance of expert athletic 

performance: perceptions of  world  and  olympic  champions.  Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 

14(3), 154–171.

 

Duthie, G., Pyne, D., & Hooper, S. (2003). Applied physiology and game analysis of rugby union. 

Sports Medicine, 33(13), 973–991.

 

Ekblom, B. (1986). Applied physiology of soccer. Sports Medicine, 3(1), 50–60.

 

Elbe,  A.  M.,  &  Wikman,  J.  M.  (2017).  Psychological  factors  in  developing  high 

performance  athletes.  In  J.  Baker,  S.  Cobley,  J.  Schorer,  &  N.  Wattie  (Eds.), Routledge 

Handbook of Talent Identification and Development in Sport (pp. 169– 180). New York: Taylor & 

Francis Group.

 

Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Visscher, C., Richart, H., & Lemmink, K. A. P. M. (2004a). Development  of  

the  tactical  skills  inventory  for  sports.  Perceptual  and  Motor

Skills, 99(3), 883–895.

 

Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Huijgen, B. C., Coelho-E-Silva, M., Lemmink, K. A. P. M., &

Visscher, C. (2012). The changing characteristics of talented soccer players - A decade of work in 

Groningen. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1581–1591.

 

Elferink-Gemser, M. T, Kannekens, R., Lyons, J., Tromp, Y., & Visscher, C. (2010). Knowing what to 

do and doing it: Differences in self-assessed tactical skills of regional,  sub-elite,  and  elite  

youth  field  hockey  players.  Journal  of  Sports Sciences, 28(5), 521–528.

 

Elling, A., & Claringbould, I. (2005). Mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion in the Dutch sports 

landscape: Who can and wants to belong? Sociology of Sport Journal, 22(4), 498–515.

 

Emmonds,  S.,  Till,  K.,  Jones,  B.,  Mellis,  M.,  &  Pears,  M.  (2016).  Anthropometric, speed 

and endurance characteristics of English academy soccer players: Do they influence  obtaining  a  

professional  contract  at  18  years  of  age?  International Journal of Sports Science and 

Coaching, 11(2), 212–218.

 

Ericsson,  K.  A.,  Krampe,  R.  T.,  &  Tesch-Romer,  C.  (1993).  The  role  of  deliberate 

practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406.

 

Erikstad, M. K., Hoigaard, R., Johansen, B. T., Kandala, N. B., & Haugen, T. (2018). Childhood  

football  play  and  practice  in  relation  to  self-regulation  and  national team  selection:  A 

 study  of  Norwegian  elite  youth  players.  Journal  of  Sports Sciences, 36(20), 2304–2310.

 

Esktrand, J., & Gillquist, J. (1982). The frequency of muscle tightness and injuries in soccer 

players. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 10(2), 75–78.

 

Feichtinger,   P.,   &   Honer,   O.   (2014).   Psychological   diagnostics   in   the   talent 

development   program   of   the   German   Football   Association:   Psychometric properties of an 

internet-based test battery. Sportwissenschaft, 44(4), 203–213.

 

Fenner, J. S. J., Iga, J., & Unnithan, V. (2016). The evaluation of small-sided games as a talent 

identification tool in highly trained prepubertal soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 

34(20), 1983–1990.

 

Fernandez-Navarro,  J.,  Fradua,  L.,  Zubillaga,  A.,  Ford,  P.  R.,  &  McRobert,  A.  P. 

(2016). Attacking and defensive styles of play in soccer: Analysis of Spanish and English elite 

teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24),2195–2204.

 

Fernandez-Rio, J., & Mendez-gimenez, A. (2014). Talent detection and development

in soccer: A review. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 6(1), 7–18.

 

FIFA.  (2006).  Talent  scouting.  In  FIFA  coaching  manual  (pp.  17–21).  Zurich,

Switzerland: Druckerei Feldegg AG.

 

Figueiredo, A. J., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., Cumming, S. P., & Malina, R. M. (2019). Relative age 

effect: Characteristics of youth soccer players by birth quarter and subsequent playing status. 

Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(6), 677–684.

 

Figueiredo,  A.  J.,  Coelho-E-Silva,  M.  J.,  &  Malina,  R.  M.  (2011).  Predictors  of 

functional  capacity  and  skill  in  youth  soccer  players.  Scandinavian  Journal  of Medicine 

and Science in Sports, 21(3), 446–454.

 

Ford, P., Croix, M. D. S., Lloyd, R., Meyers, R., Moosavi, M., Oliver, J., & Williams,

C. (2011). The long-term athlete development model: Physiological evidence and application. Journal 

of Sports Sciences, 29(4), 389–402.

 

Ford,  P.  R.,  Low,  J.,  McRobert,  A.  P.,  &  Williams,  A.  M.  (2010).  Developmental 

activities that contribute to high or low performance by elite cricket batters when recognizing 

type of delivery from bowlers’ advanced postural cues.  Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 

32(5), 638–654.

 

Ford, P. R., Carling, C., Garces, M., Marques, M., Miguel, C., Farrant, A., Stenling, A., Moreni, 

J., Le Gall, F., Holmstrom, S., Salmela, J. H., & Williams, A. M. (2012). The  developmental  

activities  of  elite  soccer  players  aged  under-16  years  from Brazil, England, France, Ghana, 

Mexico, Portugal and Sweden. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1653–1663.

 

Ford, P. R., Ward, P., Hodges, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2009). The role of deliberate practice and 

play in career progression in sport: the early engagement hypothesis. High Ability Studies, 20(1), 

65–75.

 

Ford, P. R., & Williams, A. M. (2008). The effect of participation in Gaelic football on the  

development  of  Irish  professional  soccer  players.  Journal  of  Sport  and Exercise 

Psychology, 30(6), 709–722.

 

Ford, P. R., & Williams, A. M. (2012). The developmental activities engaged in by elite youth 

soccer players who progressed to professional status compared to those who did not. Psychology of 

Sport and Exercise, 13(3), 349–352.

 

Forsman, H., Blomqvist, M., Davids, K., Konttinen, N., & Liukkonen, J. (2016a). The role of 

sport-specific play and practice during childhood in the development of adolescent  Finnish team 

sport athletes.  International Journal of Sports Science

and Coaching, 11(1), 69–77.

 

Forsman,  H.,  Blomqvist,  M.,  Davids,  K.,  Liukkonen,  J.,  &  Konttinen,  N.  (2016b).

Identifying technical, physiological, tactical and psychological characteristics that contribute to 

career progression in soccer. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 11(4), 505–513.

 

Forsman, H., Grasten, A., Blomqvist, M., Davids, K., Liukkonen, J., & Konttinen, N. (2015).  

Development  and  validation  of  the  perceived  game-specific  soccer competence scale. Journal 

of Sports Sciences, 34(15), 1319–1327.

 

Forsman, H., Grasten, A., Blomqvist, M., Davids, K., Liukkonen, J., & Konttinen, N. (2016c).  

Development  of  perceived  competence,  tactical  skills,  motivation, technical skills, and speed 

and agility in young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(14), 1311–1318.

 

Fragoso, I., Massuca, L. M., & Ferreira, J. (2015). Effect of birth month on physical fitness of 

soccer players (under-15) according to biological maturity. International Journal of Sports 

Medicine, 36(1), 16–21.

 

Fransen, J., Bennett, K. J. ., Woods, C. T., French-Collier, N., Deprez, D., Vaeyens, R., & Lenoir, 

M. (2017). Modelling age-related changes in motor competence and physical  fitness  in  high-level  

youth  soccer  players:  Implications  for  talent identification and development. Science and 

Medicine in Football, 1(3), 203–208.

 

Fransen, J., Bush, S., Woodcock, S., Novak, A., Deprez, D., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., & Lenoir,  M.  

(2018).  Improving  the  prediction  of  maturity  from  anthropometric variables using a maturity 

ratio. Pediatric Exercise Science, 30(2), 296–307.

 

Fransen, J., Hondt, E. D., Bourgois, J., Vaeyens, R., Philippaerts, R. M., & Lenoir, M. (2014). 

Motor competence assessment in children : convergent and discriminant validity between the BOT-2 

Short Form and KTK testing batteries. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(6), 1375–1383.

 

Fransen, J., Lovell, T. W. J., Bennett, K. J. M., Deprez, D., Deconinck, F. J. A., Lenoir, M., & 

Coutts, A. J. (2017). The influence of restricted visual feedback on dribbling performance in youth 

soccer players. Motor Control, 21(2), 158–167.

 

Fredriks,  A.  M.,  Buuren,  S.  V.,  Heel,  W.  J.  M.  V.,  Dijkman-Neerincx,  R.  H.  M., 

Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P., & Wit, J. M. (2005). Nationwide age references for sitting height, leg 

length, and sitting height/height ratio, and their diagnostic value for disproportionate growth 

disorders. Arch Dis Child, 90(8), 807–812.

 

French,  K.  E.,  &  Thomas,  J.  R.  (1987).  The  relation  of  knowledge  development  to

children’ s basketball performance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 9(1), 15–32.

 

Gagne,  F.  (2004).  Transforming  gifts  into  talents:  The  DMGT  as  a  developmental

theory. High Ability Studies, 15(2), 119–147.

 

Ghazali   Darusalam,   &   Sufean   Hussin.   (2016).   Metodologi   penyelidikan   dalam 

pendidikan:  Amalan  dan  analisis  kajian.  Kuala  Lumpur:  Penerbit  Universiti Malaya.

 

Gil,  S.  M.,  Gil,  J.,  Ruiz,  F.,  Irazusta,  A.,  &  Irazusta,  J.  (2010).  Anthropometrical 

characteristics and somatotype of young soccer players and their comparison with the general 

population. Biology of Sport, 27(1), 17–24.

 

Gil,  S.  M.,  Gil,  J.,  Ruiz,  F.,  Irazusta,  A.,  &  Irazusta,  J.  (2007).  Physiological  and 

anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position:   

Relevance   for   the   selection   process.   Journal   of   Strength   and Conditioning Research, 

21(2), 438–445.

 

Gil, S. M., Badiola, A., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Zabala-Lili, J., Santos-Concejero, J., Lekue, J. 

A., & Granados, C. (2013). Relationship between the relative age effect and anthropometry, maturity 

and performance in young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(5), 479–486.

 

Gil, S. M., Zabala-Lili, J., Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Aduna, B., Lekue, J. A., Santos- Concejero, 

J., & Granados, C. (2014). Talent identification and selection process of outfield players and 

goalkeepers in a professional soccer club. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1931–1939.

 

Girard, O., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Bishop, D. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability - Part 1: Factors 

contributing to fatigue. Sports Medicine, 41(8), 673–694.

 

Glaister,  M.  (2005).  Multiple  sprint  work:  Physiological  responses,  mechanisms  of fatigue 

and the influence of aerobic fitness. Sports Medicine, 35(9), 757–777.

 

Glaister, M., Howatson, G., Pattison, J. R., & McInnes, G. (2008). The reliability and validity  of 

 fatigue  measures  during  multiple-sprint  work:  An  issue  revisited. Journal of Strength and 

Conditioning Research, 22(5), 1597–1601.

 

Gonzalez-Víllora, S., Pastor-Vicedo, J. C., & Cordente, D. (2015). Relative age effect in UEFA 

championship soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 47(1), 237– 248.

 

Gonzalez-Bertomeu, J. F. (2016). Too late for talent to kick in? The relative age effect

in Argentinian male football. Soccer and Society, 19(4), 573–592.

 

Gravina,   L.,   Gil,   S.   M.,   Ruiz,   F.,   Zubero,   J.,   Gil,   J.,   &   Irazusta,   J.   

(2008).

Anthropometric  and  physiological  differences  between  first  team  and  reserve soccer players 

aged 10–14 years at the beginning and end of the season. Journal of Strength and Conditioning 

Research, 22(4), 1308–1314.

 

Grehaigne,  J.  F.,  &  Godbout,  P.  (1995).  Tactical  knowledge  in  team  sports  from  a 

constructivist and cognitivist perspective. Quest, 47(4), 490–505.

 

Grehaigne, J. F., Godbout, P., & Bouthier, D. (1999). The foundations of tactics and strategy in 

team sports. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 18(2), 159– 174.

 

Guinan, D., Greenleaf, C., Chung, Y., & Guinan, D. (2002). A survey of U.S. Atlanta and Nagano 

olympians: Variables perceived to influence performance. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 

73(2), 175–186.

 

Gullich,  A.,   &  Emrich,  E.  (2012).   Considering  long-term  sustainability  in  the 

development of world class success. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(sup1), S383–S397.

 

Gullich, A., Kovar, P., Zart, S., & Reimann, A. (2016). Sport activities differentiating match-play 

improvement in elite youth footballers – A 2-year longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 

35(3), 207–215.

 

Gutierrez, C. D., Pastor, J. C., Gonzalez-Villora, S., & Contreras, O. R. (2010). The relative age 

effect in youth soccer players from Spain. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9(2), 190–198.

 

Haugaasen, M., & Jordet, G. (2012). Developing football expertise: A football-specific research  

review.  International  Review  of  Sport  and  Exercise  Psychology,  5(2), 177–201.

 

Haugaasen, M., Toering, T., & Jordet, G. (2014). From childhood to senior professional football: A 

multi-level approach to  elite  youth football players’ engagement in football-specific activities. 

Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 15(4), 336–344.

 

Hazir, T. (2010). Physical characteristics and somatotype of soccer players according to playing 

level and position. Journal of Human Kinetics, 26(1), 83–95.

 

Helsen, W. F., Starkes, J. L., & Hodges, N. J. (1998). Team sports and the theory of deliberate 

practice. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 20(1), 12–34.

 

Helsen, W. F., Winckel, V. J., & Williams, A. M. (2005). The relative age effect in

youth soccer across Europe. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 629–636.

 

Hencken, C., & White, C. (2006). Anthropometric assessment of Premiership soccer

players in relation to playing position to playing position. European Journal of Sport Science, 

6(4), 205–211.

 

Hendry,  D.  T.,  Crocker,  P.  R.  E.,  &  Hodges,  N.  J.  (2014).  Practice  and  play  as 

determinants of  self-determined motivation in  youth soccer players.  Journal of Sports Sciences, 

32(11), 1091–1099.

 

Hendry,  D.  T.,  &  Hodges,  N.  J.  (2018).  Early  majority  engagement  pathway  best defines 

transitions from youth to adult elite men’s soccer in the UK: A three time- point  retrospective  

and  prospective  study.  Psychology  of  Sport  and  Exercise, 36(201805), 81–89.

 

Hendry, D. T., Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J. (2018). Coach ratings of skills and their relations 

to practice, play and successful transitions from youth-elite to adult- professional status in 

soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(17), 2009–2017.

 

Henriksen, K., Stambulova, N., & Roessler, K. K. (2010). Holistic approach to athletic talent  

development  environments:  A  successful  sailing  milieu.  Psychology  of Sport and Exercise, 

11(3), 212–222.

 

Hill-Haas, S. V., Dawson, B., Impellizzeri, F. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2011). Physiology of 

small-sided games training in football. Sports Medicine, 41(3), 199–220.

 

Hirose, N., & Seki, T. (2016). Two-year changes in anthropometric and motor ability values as 

talent identification indexes in youth soccer players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 

19(2), 158–162.

 

Hoff,  J.,  Wisloff,  U.,  Kemi,  O.  J.,  &  Helgerud,  J.  (2002).  Soccer  specific  aerobic 

endurance training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(3), 218–221.

 

Hoff,  J.,  &  Helgerud,  J.  (2004).  Endurance  and  strength  training  for  physiological 

considerations. Sports Medicine, 34(3), 165–180.

 

Hornig, M., Aust, F., & Gullich, A. (2016). Practice and play in the development of German  

top-level  professional  football  players.  European  Journal  of  Sport Science, 16(1), 96–105.

 

Hughes, M., & Franks, I. (2005). Analysis of passing sequences, shots and goals in soccer. Journal 

of Sports Sciences, 23(5), 509–514.

 

Huijgen, B. C.H., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Ali, A., & Visscher, C. (2013). Soccer skill development 

in talented players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(8),

720–726.

 

Huijgen, B. C. H., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Post, W., & Visscher, C. (2009). Soccer

skill development in professionals. International Journal Sports Medicine, 30(8), 585–591.

 

Huijgen,  B. C. H., Elferink-Gemser, M. T.,  Lemmink, K. A. P. M., & Visscher, C. (2014). 

Multidimensional performance characteristics in selected and deselected talented soccer players. 

European Journal of Sport Science, 14(1), 2–10.

 

Huijgen,  B.  C.  H.,  Elferink-Gemser,  M.  T.,  Post,  W.,  &  Visscher,  C.  (2010). Development 

of dribbling in talented youth soccer players aged 12 – 19 years: A longitudinal study. Journal of 

Sports Sciences, 28(7), 689–698.

 

Hulse, M. A., Morris, J. G., Hawkins, R. D., Hodson, A., Nevill, A., & Nevill, M. E. (2013). A 

field-test battery for elite, young soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 

34(4), 302–311.

 

Hulteen, R. M., Lander, N. J., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Robertson, S. J., & Lubans,

D.  R.  (2015).  Validity  and  reliability  of  field-based  measures  for  assessing movement 

skill competency in lifelong physical activities: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 45(10), 

1443–1454.

 

Ingebrigtsen,  J.,  Bendiksen,  M.,  Randers,  M.  B.,  Castagna,  C.,  Krustrup,  P.,  & 

Holtermann, A. (2012). Yo-Yo IR2 testing of elite and sub-elite soccer players: Performance, heart 

rate response and correlations to other interval tests. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13), 

1337–1345.

 

Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. (1995). Handbook in research and evaluation: A collection of  

principles,  methods,  and  strategies  useful  in  the  planning,  design,  and evaluation  of  

studies  in  education  and  the  behavioral  sciences  (3rd  ed.).  San Diego, California: EdITS 

Publishers.

 

Ivarsson, A., Stenling, A., Fallby, J., Johnson, U., Borg, E., & Johansson, G. (2015). The  

predictive  ability  of  the  talent  development  environment  on  youth  elite football  players’ 

 well-being:  A  person-centered  approach.  Psychology  of  Sport and Exercise, 16(1), 15–23.

 

Jemni, M., Prince, M. S., & Baker, J. S. (2018). Assessing cardiorespiratory fitness of soccer 

players: Is test specificity the issue? – A review. Sports Medicine - Open, 4(28), 1–18.

 

Jimenez, I. P., & Pain, M. (2008). Relative age effect in Spanish association football: Its  extent 

 and  implications  for  wasted  potential.  Journal  of  Sports  Sciences,

26(10), 995–1003.

 

Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2009). Initial scale development: Sample size for

pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394–400.

 

Jokuschies, N., Gut, V., & Conzelmann, A. (2017). Systematizing coaches’ ‘eye for talent’’: Player 

assessments based on expert coaches’ subjective talent criteria in top-level  youth  soccer.’  

International  Journal  of  Sports  Science  &  Coaching, 12(5), 565–576.

 

Jones, J. W., Neuman, G., Altmann, R., & Dreschler, B. (2001). Development of the sports  

performance  inventory:  A  psychological  measure  of  athletic  potential. Journal of Business 

and Psychology, 15(3), 491–503.

 

Jooste,  J.,  Steyn,  B.  J.  M.,  &  Berg,  V.  D.  L.  (2014).  Psychological  skills,  playing 

positions and performance of african youth soccer teams. South African Journal for Research in 

Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 36(1), 85–100.

 

Kannekens,  R.,  Elferink-Gemser,  M.  T.,  &  Visscher,  C.  (2011).  Positioning  and deciding: 

Key factors for talent development in soccer. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in 

Sports, 21(6), 846–852.

 

Kannekens, R., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2009). Tactical skills of world- class youth 

soccer teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(8), 807–812.

 

Kaplan, T. (2010). Examination of repeated sprinting ability and fatigue index of soccer players  

according  to  their  positions.  Journal  of  Strength  and  Conditioning Research, 24(6), 

1495–1501.

 

Karakoc,  B.,  Akalan,  C.,  Alemdaroglu,  U.,  &  Arslan,  E.  (2012).  The  relationship between  

the  Yo-Yo  tests,  anaerobic  performance  and  aerobic  performance  in young soccer players. 

Journal of Human Kinetics, 35(1), 81–88.

 

Keller, B. S., Raynor, A. J., Bruce, L., & Iredale, F. (2016). Technical attributes of Australian   

 youth    soccer    players:    Implications    for    talent    identification. International 

Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 11(6), 819–824.

 

Keller,   B.   S.,   Raynor,   A.   J.,   Bruce,   L.,   &   Iredale,   F.   (2018).   Physical   

and anthropometrical  attributes  of  Australian  youth  soccer  players.  International Journal of 

Sports Science & Coaching, 13(5), 787–793.

 

Kelly, A. L. (2018). A multidisciplinary investigation into the talent identification and 

development  process  in  an  English  football  academy.  Unpublished  doctoral

dissertation, University of Exeter, Great Britain.

 

Kelly,  G.  A.  (1995).  The  psychology  of  personal  constructs.  Vol.  1.  A  theory  of

personality. Vol. 2. Clinical diagnosis and psychotherapy. Oxford, England: W.W. Norton.

 

Kementerian  Belia  dan  Sukan  Malaysia.  (2014).  Pelan  pembangunan  bola  sepak negara fasa 1: 

2014-2020. Putrajaya: Kementerian Belia dan Sukan Malaysia.

 

Kiphard,  E.  J.,  &  Schilling,  F.  (2007).  Korperkoordinationstest  fur  Kinder:  KTK. 

Weinheim: Beltz, Test GmbH.

 

Kolimechkov, S. (2017). Physical fitness assessment in children and adolescents: A systematic 

review. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 3(4), 65–79.

 

Koltai, M., Wallner, D., Gusztafik, A., Safar, Z., Dancs, H., Simi, H., & Buchgraber,

A. M. (2016). Measuring of sport specific skills of football players.  Journal of Human Sport and 

Exercise, 11(1), S218–S227.

 

Koslowsky, M., & Botelho, M. F. D. C. (2010). Domains in the practice of the football learning: 

Comparative study among football athletes of junior category in Portugal and Brazil. Journal of 

Human Sport and Exercise, 5(3), 400–410.

 

Koziel, S. M., & Malina, R. M. (2017). Modified maturity offset prediction equations: Validation in 

independent longitudinal samples of boys and girls. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 221–236.

 

Krejcie,  R.  V.,  &  Morgan,  D.  W.  (1970).  Determining  sample  size  for  research 

activities. Education and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610.

 

Krustrup, P., Mohr, M.,  Amstrup, T., Rysgaard,  T.,  Johansen, J., Steensberg, A.,  & Bangsbo, J. 

(2003). The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: Physiological response, reliability, and validity. 

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35, 697– 705.

 

Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Nybo, L., Jensen, M. J., Nielsen, J. J., & Bangsbo, J. (2006). The Yo-Yo 

IR2 test: Physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. Medicine & Science 

in Sports & Exercise, 38(9), 1666–1673.

 

Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Steensberg, A., Bencke, J., Kjaer, M., & Bangsbo, J. (2006). Muscle  and  

blood  metabolites  during  a  soccer  game:  Implications  for  sprint

performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(27), 1165–1174.

 

Lago-Penas, C., Rey,  E.,  Lago-Ballesteros,  J., Casais,  L.,  & Dominguez, E. (2009).

Analysis  of  work-rate  in  soccer  according  to  playing  positions.  International Journal of 

Performance Analysis in Sport, 9(2), 218–227.

 

Lago-Penas,   C.,   Casais,   L.,   Dellal,   A.,   Rey,   E.,   &   Dominguez,   E.   (2007). 

Anthropometric   and   physiological   characteristics   of   young   soccer   players according to 

their playing positions: Relevance for competition success. Journal of Strength and Conditioning 

Research, 21(2), 438–445.

 

Lago-Penas,   C.,   Casais,   L.,   Dellal,   A.,   Rey,   E.,   &   Dominguez,   E.   (2011). 

Anthropometric   and   physiological   characteristics   of   young   soccer   players according to 

their playing positions: Relevance for competition success. Journal of Strength and Conditioning 

Research, 25(12), 3358–3367.

 

Lago-Penas, C., Lago-Ballesteros, J., & Rey, E. (2011). Differences in performance indicators  

between  winning  and  losing  teams  in  the  UEFA  champions  league. Journal of Human Kinetics, 

27(1), 135–146.

 

Larkin,  P.,  &  O’Connor,  D.  (2017).  Talent  identification  and  recruitment  in  youth 

soccer: Recruiter’s perceptions of the key attributes for player recruitment. PLoS ONE, 12(4), 

1–15.

 

Larsen, C. H., Alfermann, D., Henriksen, K., & Christensen, M. K. (2013). Successful talent  

development  in  soccer :  The  characteristics  of  the  environment.  Sport, Exercise, and 

Performance Psychology, 2(3), 190–206.

 

Le, G. F., Carling, C., Williams, M., & Reilly, T. (2010). Anthropometric and fitness 

characteristics  of  international,  professional  and  amateur  male  graduate  soccer players 

from an elite youth academy. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1), 90–95.

 

Leite, N., Baker, J., & Sampaio, J. (2009). Paths to expertise in Portuguese national team 

athletes. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8(4), 560–566.

 

Li, C., Wang, C. K. J., & Pyun, D. Y. (2014). Talent development environmental factors in sport: A 

review and taxonomic classification. Quest, 66(4), 433–447.

 

Liporaci, R. F., Saad, M. C., Bevilaqua-Grossi, D., & Riberto, M. (2018). Preseason intrinsic risk 

factors - Associated odds estimate the exposure to proximal lower limb injury throughout the season 

among professional football players. BMJ Open

Sport and Exercise Medicine, 4(1), 1–7.

 

Liu, H., Yi, Q., Gimenez, J. V., Gomez, M. A., & Lago-Penas, C. (2015). Performance

profiles of football teams in the UEFA champions league considering situational efficiency. 

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(1), 371– 390.

 

Logan,  S.  W.,  Ross,  S.  M.,  Chee,  K.,  Stodden,  D.  F.,  &  Robinson,  L.  E.  (2018). 

Fundamental motor skills: A systematic review of terminology. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(7), 

781–796.

 

Lohman, T. J., Roache, A. F., & Martorell, R. (1988). Anthropometric standardization reference 

manual. Champaign, III: Human Kinetics Books.

 

Lovell, T. W. J., Bocking, C. J., Fransen, J., & Coutts, A. J. (2017). A multidimensional approach 

to factors influencing playing level and position in a school-based soccer programme. Science and 

Medicine in Football, 2(3), 237–245.

 

Lubans,  D.  R.,  Morgan,  P.  J.,  Cliff,  D.  P.,  Barnett,  L.  M.,  &  Okely,  A.  D.  (2010). 

Fundamental movement skills in children and adolescents: Review of associated health benefits. 

Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019–1035.

 

Luz,  C.,  Rodrigues,  L.  P.,  Almeida,  G.,  &  Cordovil,  R.  (2016).  Development  and 

validation of a model of motor competence in children and adolescents. Journal of Science and 

Medicine in Sport, 19(7), 568–572.

 

Luz,  C.,  Rodrigues,  L.  P.,  Meester,  A.  D,  &  Cordovil,  R.  (2017).  The  relationship 

between motor competence and health-related fitness in children and adolescents. PLoS ONE, 12(6), 

1–11.

 

MacNamara, A., & Collins, D. (2012). Do mental skills make champions? Examining the  discriminant  

function  of  the  psychological  characteristics  of  developing excellence questionnaire. Journal 

of Sports Sciences, 31(7), 736–744.

 

MacNamara,   A.,   &   Collins,   D.   (2015).   Profiling,   exploiting,   and   countering 

psychological characteristics in talent identification and development. The Sport Psychologist, 

29(1), 73–81.

 

Macnamara, B. N., Moreau, D., & Hambrick, D. Z. (2016). The relationship between deliberate 

practice and performance in sports: A meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(3), 

333–350.

 

Mahoney,  M.  J.,  Gabriel,  T.  J.,  &  Perkins,  T.  S.  (1987).  Psychological  skills  and

exceptional athletic performance. The Sport Psychologist, 1(3), 181–199.

 

Maliki,  A.  B.  H.  M.,  Abdullah,  M.  R.,  Juahir,  H.,  Musa,  R.  M.,  Mat-Rasid,  S.  M.,

Adnan, A., & Alias, N. (2017). Sensitivity pattern recognition and variableness of competitive   

adolescent   soccer   relative   performance   indicators.   Journal   of Fundamental and Applied 

Sciences, 9(2S), 539–562.

 

Malina, R. M., Penareyes, M. E., Eisenmann, J. C., Horta, L., Rodrigues, J., & Miller,

R. (2000). Height, mass and skeletal maturity of elite portuguese soccer players aged 11-16 years. 

Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 685–693.

 

Malina, R. M. (1994). Physical growth and biological maturation of young athletes.

Exercise and Sports Science Reviews, 22(1), 389–433.

 

Malina, R. M. (2003). Growth and maturity status of young soccer players. In Thomas Reilly & A. M. 

Williams (Eds.), Science and Soccer (Second, pp. 287–306). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.

 

Malina, R. M., Bounchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation and physical activity (2nd 

ed.). United States: Human Kinetics Publishers.

 

Malina, R. M., Eisenmann, J. C., Cumming, S. P., Ribeiro, B., & Aroso, J. (2004). 

Maturity-associated  variation  in  the  growth  and  functional  capacities  of  youth football 

(soccer) players 13-15 years. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 91(5-6), 555–562.

 

Malina,  R.  M.,  &  Katzmarzyk,  P.  T.  (2006).  Physical  activity  and  fitness  in  an 

international growth standard for preadolescent and adolescent children. Food and Nutrition 

Bulletin, 27(4), 295–313.

 

Malina, R. M., & Koziel, S. M. (2014). Validation of maturity offset in a longitudinal sample of 

polish boys. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(5), 424–437.

 

Malina, R. M., Rogol, A. D., Cumming, S. P., Coelho, S., M. J., & Figueiredo, A. J. (2015).  

Biological  maturation  of  youth  athletes:  Assessment  and  implications. British Journal of 

Sports Medicine, 49(13), 852–859.

 

Malina, R. M., Silva, M. J. C. E., Figueiredo, A. J., Carling, C., & Beunen, G. P. (2012). 

Interrelationships  among  invasive  and  non-invasive  indicators  of  biological maturation in 

adolescent male soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1705–1717.

 

Malina, R. M. (2007). Body composition in athletes: Assessment and estimated fatness.

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 26(1), 37–68.

 

Malina, R. M., Dompier, T. P., Powell, J. W., Barron, M. J., & Moore, M. T. (2007).

Validation  of  a  noninvasive  maturity estimate  relative  to  skeletal  age  in  youth football 

players. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 17(5), 362–368.

 

Malina, R. M., Figueiredo, A. J., & Coelho-E-Silva, M. J. (2017). Body size of male youth soccer 

players: 1978–2015. Sports Medicine, 47(10), 1983–1992.

 

Malina,  R.  M.,  &  Geithner,  C.  A.  (2011).  Body  composition  of  young  athletes.

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 5(3), 262–278.

 

Marques, C., Izquierdo, M., Gabbett, T. J., Travassos, B., Branquinho, L., & Tillaar, R.

V.  D.  (2016).  Physical  fitness  profile  of  competitive  young  soccer  players: Determination 

of positional differences. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11(5), 693–701.

 

Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2016). Designing qualitative research (6th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage, 

Impr.

 

Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R., Bump, L., & Smith, D. (1990). Development and validation of 

the competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In Competitive anxiety in sport (pp. 117–213). 

Champaign, III: Human Kinetics Books.

 

Matta,  M.  D.  O.,  Fiqueiredo,  A.  J.  B.,  Garcia,  E.  S., Werneck,  F.  Z.,  & Seabra,  A. 

(2014). Morphological and maturational predictors of technical performance in young soccer players. 

Motriz Rio Claro, 20(3), 280–285.

 

Matthys, S. P. J., Vaeyens, R., Fransen, J., Deprez, D., Pion, J., Vandendriessche, J., & 

Philippaerts,  R.  (2013).  A  longitudinal  study of  multidimensional  performance 

characteristics related to physical capacities in youth handball. Journal of Sports Sciences, 

31(3), 325–334.

 

Mazzantini, M., & Bombardieri, S. (2013). Full season academy training program U9- U12 (A. 

Fitzgerald, Ed.). United Kingdom: SoccerTutor.com.

 

Mccarthy, N., & Collins, D. (2014). Initial identification & selection bias versus the eventual 

confirmation of talent: Evidence for the benefits of a rocky road ? Journal of Sports Sciences, 

32(17), 1604–1610.

 

McCarthy, P. J., Jones, M. V., Harwood, C. G., & Olivier, S. (2010). What do young athletes  

implicitly  understand  about  psychological  skills?  Journal  of  Clinical Sport Psychology, 

4(2), 158–172.

 

McPherson, S.  L. (1994). The development of sport expertise: Mapping the tactical

domain. Quest, 46(2), 223–240.

 

Meylan, C., Cronin, J., Oliver, J., & Hughes, M. (2010). Talent identification in soccer:

The role of maturity status on physical, physiological and technical characteristics.

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 5(4), 571–592.

 

Miller, D. K. (2013). Measurement by the physical educator: Why and how (7th ed.).

New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

 

Mills, A., Butt, J., Maynard, I., & Harwood, C. (2014). Examining the development environments  of  

elite  english  football  academies:  The  players’  perspective. International Journal of Sports 

Science & Coaching, 9(6), 1457–1472.

 

Mills, C., Croix, M. D. S., & Cooper, S. M. (2017). The importance of measuring body composition in 

professional football players: A commentary. Sports and Exercise Medicine, 3(1), 24–29.

 

Mirkov,  D.  M.,  Kukolj,  M.,  Ugarkovic,  D.,  Koprivica,  V.  J.,  &  Jaric,  S.  (2010). 

Development of anthropometric and physical performance profiles of young elite male soccer players: 

A longitudinal study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2677–2682.

 

Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002a). An assessment of 

maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(4), 689–694.

 

Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002b). An assessment of 

maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(4), 689–694.

 

Moal, E. L., Rue, O., Ajmol, A., Abderrahman, A. B., Hammami, M. A., Ounis, O. B., & Zouhal, H. 

(2014). Validation of the Loughborough soccer passing test in young soccer players. Journal of 

Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1418–1426.

 

Mohamed,  H.,  Vaeyens,  R.,  Matthys,  S.,  Multael,  M.,  Lefevre,  J.,  Lenoir,  M.,  & 

Philppaerts,   R.   (2009).   Anthropometric   and   performance   measures   for   the development 

 of  a  talent  detection  and  identification  model  in  youth  handball. Journal of Sports 

Sciences, 27(3), 257–266.

 

Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip. (2018). Pembinaan dan pengujian instrumen penyelidikan. Kalumpang: 

Psychology and Counselling Academy.

 

Mohd. Majid Konting. (2009).  Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Ampang: Dawama

Sdn. Bhd.

 

Mohd   Rozilee   Wazir   Norjali,   Mostaert,   M.,   Pion,   J.,   &   Lenoir,   M.   (2018).

Anthropometry, physical performance, and motor coordination of medallist and non-medallist young 

fencers. Archives of Budo, 14(1), 33–40.

 

Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players 

with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519–528.

 

Moreno, L. A., Mesana, M. I., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Gil, C. M., Fleta, J., Warnberg, J., & Group, T. 

A. S. (2006). Anthropometric body fat composition reference values in  Spanish  adolescents.  The  

AVENA  study.  European  Journal  of  Clinical Nutrition, 60(2), 191–196.

 

Morley,  D.,  Morgan,  G.,  Mckenna,  J.,  &  Nicholls,  A.  R.  (2014).  Developmental contexts  

and  features  of  elite  academy  football  players:  Coach  and  player perspectives. 

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 9(1), 217–232.

 

Morris, R., Tod, D., & Oliver, E. (2015). An analysis of organizational structure and transition 

outcomes in the youth-to- senior professional soccer transition. Journal of Applied Sport 

Psychology, 27(2), 216–234.

 

Morris,  T.  (2000).  Psychological  characteristics  and  talent  identification  in  soccer.

Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 715–726.

 

Morrow,  J.  R.,  Mood,  D.  P.,  Disch,  J.  G.,  &  Kang,  M.  (2016).  Measurement  and 

evaluation in human performance (5th ed.). United States: Human Kinetics.

 

Muhamad Hafiz Ismail, & Ahmad Hashim. (2014). Kesahan ujian spesifik sukan bola sepak  dalam  

kalangan  pemain  lelaki  berumur  14  dan  15  tahun.  Jurnal  Sains Humanika, 2(4), 247–252.

 

Muhamad Hafiz Ismail, Ahmad Hashim, & Nelfianty Mohd Rashid. (2013). Mengenal pasti bakat sukan 

bola sepak dalam kalangan pelajar lelaki berumur 14 dan 15 tahun. 2nd International Seminar on 

Quality and Affordable Education, 468–477. Johor Bahru: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

 

Mujika, I., Vaeyens, R., Matthys, S. P. J., Santisteban, J., Goiriena, J., & Philippaerts,

R. (2009). The relative age effect in a professional football club setting. Journal of Sports 

Sciences, 27(11), 1153–1158.

 

Munguia-Izquierdo,  D.,  Suarez-Arrones,  L.,  Salvo,  V.  D.,  Paredes-Hernandez,  V., Alcazar, 

J., Ara, I., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2018). Validation of field methods to assess body fat 

percentage in elite youth soccer players. International Journal

of Sports Medicine, 39(05), 349–354.

 

Murr, D., Feichtinger, P., Larkin, P., O’Connor, D., & Honer, O. (2018). Psychological

talent predictors in youth soccer: A systematic review of the prognostic relevance of psychomotor, 

perceptual-cognitive and personality-related factors. PloS One, 13(10), 1–24.

 

Murr, D., Raabe, J., & Honer, O. (2017). The prognostic value of physiological and physical 

characteristics in youth soccer: A systematic review. European Journal of Sport Science, 18(1), 

62–74.

 

Murtagh, C. F., Brownlee, T. E., O?Boyle, A., Morgans, R., Drust, B., & Erskine, R.

M. (2017). The importance of speed and power in elite youth soccer depends on maturation status.  

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(2), 297– 303.

 

Musch, J., & Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal competition as an impediment to personal development: A 

review of the relative age effect in sport. Developmental Review, 21(2), 147–167.

 

Musculus,  L.,  &  Lobinger,  B.  H.  (2018).  Psychological  characteristics  in  talented soccer  

players  –  Recommendations  on  how  to  improve  coaches’  assessment. Frontiers in Psychology, 

9(41), 1–6.

 

Nevill,  A.,  Holder,  R.,  &  Watts,  A.  (2009).  The  changing  shape  of  “successful” 

professional footballers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(5), 419–426.

 

Newell, K. M. (1986). Constraints on the development of coordination. In M. G. Wade &   H.   T.   

A.   Whiting   (Eds.),   Motor   development   in   children:   aspects   of coordination and 

control (pp. 341–360). Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

 

Nikolaidis,  P.  T.  (2012a).  Elevated  body  mass  index  and  body  fat  percentage  are 

associated with decreased physical fitness in soccer players aged 12 – 14 years. Asian Journal of 

Sports Medicine, 3(3), 168–174.

 

Nikolaidis, P. T. (2012b). Physical fitness is inversely related with body mass index and body fat 

percentage in soccer players aged 16-18 years. Medicinski Pregled, 65(11-12), 470–475.

 

Nikolaidis, P. T., & Karydis, N. V. (2011). Physique and body composition in soccer players across 

adolescence. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2(2), 75–82.

 

Nikolaidis, P. T., Knechtle, B., Clemente, F., & Torres-Luque, G. (2016). Reference values for the 

sprint performance in male football players aged from 9 – 35 years.

Biomedical Human Kinetics, 8(1), 39–44.

 

O’Connor, D., Larkin, P., & Mark W. A. (2016). Talent identification and selection in

elite youth football: An Australian context. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(7), 837–844.

 

Olivares, J. S., Clemente, F. M., & Villora, S. G. (2016). Tactical expertise assessment in youth 

football using representative tasks. SpringerPlus, 5(1301), 1–9.

 

Opstoel, K., Pion, J., Elferink-Gemser, M., Hartman, E., Willemse, B., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, 

M. (2015). Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and motor coordination of 9 to 11 year 

old children participating in a wide range of sports. PLoS ONE, 10(5), 1–16.

 

Orosz, R., & Mezo, F. (2015). Psychological factors in the development of football- talent from the 

perspective of an integrative sport-talent model. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young 

Scientists, 3(1), 58–76.

 

Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Castillo, M. J., & Sjostrom, M. (2008). Physical fitness in childhood 

and adolescence: A powerful marker of health. International Journal of Obesity, 32(1), 1–11.

 

Osgnach,  C.,  Poser,  S.,  Bernardini,  R.,  Rinaldo,  R.,  &  Prampero,  D.  P.  E.  (2010). 

Energy cost and metabolic power in elite soccer: A new match analysis approach. Medicine and 

Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(1), 170–178.

 

Ostojic, S. M. (2003). Seasonal alterations in body composition and sprint performance of elite 

soccer players. Journal of Exercise Physiology, 6(3), 24–27.

 

Padron-Cabo, A., Rey, E., Garcia-Soidan, J. L., & Penedo-Jamardo, E. (2016). Large scale  analysis  

of  relative  age  effect  on  professional  soccer  players  in  FIFA designated zones. 

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(1), 332–346.

 

Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (4th 

ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.

 

Patel,  R.,  Nevill,  A.,  Cloak,  R.,  Smith,  T.,  &  Wyon,  M.  (2019).  Relative  age, 

maturation,  anthropometry  and  physical  performance  characteristics  of  players within an 

elite youth football academy. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(6), 714–725.

 

Pearson, D. T., Naughton, G. A., & Torode, M. (2006). Predictability of physiological testing and 

the role of maturation in talent identification for adolescent team sports.

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(4), 277–287.

 

Pedretti,  A.,  &  Seabra,  A.  (2015).  Relative  age  effect  and  its  relationship  with

morphological characteristics and performance in young soccer players. Revista Brasileira de 

Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 17(3), 367–377.

 

Pena-Gonzalez, I., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Moya-Ramon, M., & Cervello, E. (2018). Relative age 

effect, biological maturation, and coaches’ efficacy expectations in young  male  soccer  players.  

Research  Quarterly  for  Exercise  and  Sport,  89(3), 373–379.

 

Penas, C. L., Dellal, A., Owen, A. L., & Gomez-Ruano, M. A. (2015). The influence of  the  

extra-time  period  on  physical  performance  in  elite  soccer.  International Journal of 

Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(3), 830–839.

 

Perroni,   F.,   Vetrano,   M.,   Camolese,   G.,   Guidetti,   L.,   &   Baldari,   C.   (2015). 

Anthropometric   and   somatotype   characteristics   of   young   soccer   players: Differences  

among  categories,  subcategories,  and  playing  position.  Journal  of Strength and Conditioning 

Research, 29(8), 2097–2104.

 

Persatuan  Bola  Sepak  Malaysia.  (2018).  FAM  roadmap:  2019-2030.  Petaling  Jaya: Persatuan 

Bola Sepak Malaysia.

 

Peterson, M. D., Alvar, B. A., & Rhea, M. R. (2006). The contribution of maximal force production 

to explosive movement among young collegiate athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning 

Research, 20(4), 867–873.

 

Philippaerts, R. M., Vaeyens, R., Janssens, M., Renterghem, V. B., Matthys, D., Craen, R., & 

Malina, R. M. (2006). The relationship between peak height velocity and physical performance in 

youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(3), 221–230.

 

Pion, J., Segers, V., Fransen, J., Debuyck, G., Deprez, D., Haerens, L., & Lenoir, M. (2014).  

Generic  anthropometric  and  performance  characteristics  among  elite adolescent boys in nine 

different sports. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(5), 357–366.

 

Pollock, B. J., & Lee, T. D. (1992). Effects of the model’s skill level on observational motor 

learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 63(1), 25–29.

 

Portes,  L.  A.,  Canhadas,  I.  L.,  Silva,  R.  L.  P.,  &  Oliveira,  N.  C.  D.  (2015). 

Anthropometry and fitness of young elite soccer players by field position. Sport Sciences for 

Health, 11(3), 321–328.

 

Prieto-Ayuso, A., Pastor-Vicedo, J., & Contreras-Jordan, O. (2017). Content validity and 

psychometric properties of the nomination scale for identifying football talent

(NSIFT): Application to coaches, parents and players. Sports, 5(2), 1–14.

 

Procidano,  M.  E.,  &  Heller,  K.  (1983).  Measures  of  perceived  social  support  from

friends   and   from   family:   Three   validation   studies.   American   Journal   of Community 

Psychology, 11(1), 1–24.

 

Qader, M. A., Zaidan, B. B., Zaidan, A. A., Ali, S. K., Kamaluddin, M. A., & Radzi,

W.  B.  (2017).  A  methodology for  football  players  selection  problem  based  on 

multi-measurements criteria analysis. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement 

Confederation, 111, 38–50.

 

Rahnama, N., Lees, A., & Bambaecichi, E. (2005). A comparison of muscle strength and  flexibility  

between  the  preferred  and  non-preferred  leg  in  English  soccer players. Ergonomics, 

48(11–14), 1568–1575.

 

Rampinini, E., Impellizzeri, F. M., Castagna, C., Coutts, A. J., & Wisloff, U. (2009). Technical 

performance during soccer matches of the Italian Serie A league: Effect of fatigue and competitive 

level. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(1), 227–233.

 

Raya-Castellano,  P.  E.,  & Uriondo,  L.  F.  (2015).  A  review  of  the  multidisciplinary 

approach  to  develop  elite  players  at  professional  football  academies:  Applying science to 

a professional context. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 15(1), 1–19.

 

Re,  A.  H.  N.,  Cattuzzo,  T.  M.,  Santos,  F.  M.  C.,  &  Monteiro,  C.  B.  M.  (2014). 

Anthropometric  characteristics,  field  test  scores  and  match-related  technical performance   

in   youth   indoor   soccer   players   with   different   playing   status. International Journal 

of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(2), 482–492.

 

Rebelo, A., Brito, J., Maia, J., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Bangsbo, J., & Seabra, 

A. (2013). Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and technical performance of under-19 

soccer players by competitive level and field position. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 

34, 312–317.

 

Rebelo, A., Brito, J., Maia, J., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Bangsbo, J., & Seabra, 

A. (2013). Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and technical performance of under-19 

soccer players by competitive level and field position. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 

34(4), 312–317.

 

Rees, T., & Hardy, L. (2000). An investigation of the social support experiences of high-level 

sports performers. The Sport Psychologist, 14(4), 327–347.

 

Rees, T., Hardy, L., Gullich, A., Abernethy, B., Cote, J., Woodman, T., & Warr, C. (2016). The 

Great British medalists project: A review of current knowledge on the development of the world’s 

best sporting talent.  Sports Medicine, 46(8), 1041–

1058.

 

Reeves, M. J., Littlewood, M. A., Mcrobert, A. P., & Simon, J. (2018). The nature and

function  of  talent  identification  in  junior-elite  football  in  English  category one 

academies. Soccer & Society, 19(8), 1122–1134.

 

Reeves,  M.  J.,  Mcrobert,  A.  P.,  Littlewood,  M.  A.,  &  Simon,  J.  (2018).  A  scoping 

review  of  the  potential  sociological  predictors  of  talent  in  junior-elite  football: 2000 

– 2016. Soccer & Society, 19(8), 1085–1105.

 

Reeves, M. J., Roberts, S. J., McRobert, A. P., & Littlewood, M. A. (2018). Factors affecting the 

identification of talented junior-elite footballers: A case study. Soccer and Society, 19(8), 

1106–1121.

 

Reilly,  T.  (1997).  Energetics  of  high-intensity  exercise  (soccer)  with  particular 

reference to fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15(3), 257–263.

 

Reilly,  T,  Bangsbo,  J.,  &  Franks,  A.  (2000a).  Anthropometric  and  physiological 

predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 669–683.

 

Reilly,  T,  Williams,  A.  M.,  Nevill,  A.,  &  Franks,  A.  (2000).  A  multidisciplinary 

approach to talent identification in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 695– 702.

 

Reilly, T., & Doran, D. (2003). Fitness assessment. In Thomas Reilly & A. M. Williams (Eds.), 

Science and Soccer  (2nd ed., pp.  21–46).  New York: Taylor  & Francis Group.

 

Reilly, T., Williams, A. M., & Richardson, D. (2003). Identifying talented players. In Thomas 

Reilly & A. M. Williams (Eds.), Science and Soccer (2nd ed., pp. 307– 326). New York: Taylor & 

Francis Group.

 

Rein, R., & Memmert, D. (2016). Big data and tactical analysis in elite soccer: Future challenges 

and opportunities for sports science. SpringerPlus, 5(1410), 1–13.

 

Relvas,  H.,  Littlewood,  M.,  Nesti,  M.,  Gilbourne,  D.,  &  Richardson,  D.  (2010). 

Organizational  structures  and  working  practices  in  elite  European  professional football  

clubs:  Understanding  the  relationship  between  youth  and  professional domains. European Sport 

Management Quarterly, 10(2), 165–187.

 

Robinson, L. E., Stodden, D. F., Barnett, L. M., Lopes, V. P., Logan, S. W., Rodrigues,

L.  P.,  &  D’Hondt,  E.  (2015).  Motor  Competence  and  its  effect  on  positive

developmental trajectories of health. Sports Medicine, 45(7), 1273–1284.

 

Roca, A.,  Williams, A. M., & Ford, P. R.  (2012). Developmental  activities and the

acquisition of superior anticipation and decision making in soccer players. Journal of Sports 

Sciences, 30(15), 1643–1652.

 

Roe, M., & Malone, S. (2016). Yo-yo intermittent recovery test performance in subelite Gaelic  

football  players  from  under  thirteen  to  senior  age  groups.  Journal  of Strength and 

Conditioning Research, 30(11), 3187–3193.

 

Rommers, N., Mostaert, M., Goossens, L., Vaeyens, R., Witvrouw, E., Lenoir, M., & D’Hondt, E. 

(2018). Age and maturity related differences in motor coordination among male elite youth soccer 

players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(2), 196– 203.

 

Rostgaard, T., Laia, F. M., Simonsen, D. S., & Bangsbo, J. (2008). A test to evaluate the physical 

impact on technical performance in soccer. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 

283–292.

 

Rowat, O., Fenner, J., & Unnithan, V. (2017). Technical and physical determinants of soccer 

match-play performance in elite youth soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical 

Fitness, 57(4), 369–379.

 

Rowley,  S.  R.  W.,  &  Graham,  P.  J.  (1999).  Intensive  training  in  youth  sport:  An 

example of unequal opportunity. Children & Society, 13(2), 119–129.

 

Rubajczyk, K., & Rokita, A. (2015). Relationships between results of soccer-specific skill tests 

and game-related soccer skill assessment in young players aged 12 and 15 years. Trends in Sport 

Sciences, 4(22), 197–206.

 

Russell, M., Benton, D., & Kingsley, M. (2010). Reliability and construct validity of soccer skills 

tests that measure passing, shooting, and dribbling. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(13), 1399–1408.

 

Russell, M., & Kingsley, M. (2011). Influence of exercise on skill proficiency in soccer.

Sports Medicine, 41(7), 523–539.

 

Safrit,  M.  J.,  &  Wood,  T.  M.  (1995a).  Introduction  to  measurement  in  physical education 

and exercise science (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.

 

Salvo, V. D., Pigozzi, F., Gonzalez-Haro, C., Laughlin, M. S., & Witt, J. K. D. (2013). Match  

performance  comparison  in  top  English  soccer  leagues.  International

Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(6), 526–532.

 

Sanchez-Munoz, C., Zabala, M., & Williams, K. (2012). Anthropometric variables and

its usage to characterise elite youth athletes. In V. R. Preedy (Ed.), Handbook of Anthropometry: 

Physical Measures of Human Form in Health and Disease (pp. 1865–1888). New York: Springer.

 

Santos, D. A., Dawson, J. A., Matias, C. N., Rocha, P. M., Minderico, C. S., Allison,

D.  B.,  &  Silva,  A.  M.  (2014).  Reference  values  for  body  composition  and anthropometric 

measurements in athletes. PLoS ONE, 9(5), 1–11.

 

Sarmento, H., Anguera, M. T., Pereira, A., & Araujo, D. (2018). Talent identification and 

development in male football: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 48(4), 907–931.

 

Saward,  C.,  Morris,  J.  G.,  Nevill,  M.  E.,  Nevill,  A.  M.,  &  Sunderland,  C.  (2015). 

Longitudinal  development  of  match-running  performance  in  elite  male  youth soccer players. 

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 26(8), 933–942.

 

Schmidt, R. A. (1975). A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review, 

82(4), 225–260.

 

Sekaran,  U.,  &  Bougie,  R.  (2016).  Research  methods  for  business:  A  skill-building 

approach (7th ed.). New York: Wiley & Sons Ltd.

 

Shephard, R. J. (1999). Biology and medicine of soccer: An update. Journal of Sports Sciences, 

17(10), 757–786.

 

Sheppard,  J.  M.,  & Young,  W.  B.  (2006).  Agility literature  review:  Classifications, 

training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919–932.

 

Sheridan, D., Coffee, P., & Lavallee, D. (2014). A systematic review of social support in youth 

sport. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(1), 198– 228.

 

Sidek  Mohd  Noah.  (2002).  Reka  bentuk  penyelidikan:  Falsafah,  teori  &  praktis.

Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Sidek  Mohd  Noah.  (2005).  Pengujian  dan  penilaian  dalam  kaunseling:  Teori  dan aplikasi. 

Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Sidek Mohd Noah. (2018). Aplikasi ujian psikometrik dalam bimbingan & kaunseling

kerjaya: Sejauh mana impaknya? Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Sidek  Mohd  Noah,  &  Jamaludin  Ahmad.  (2005).  Pembinaan  modul:  Bagaimana

membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Sieghartsleitner,  R.,  Zuber,  C.,  Zibung,  M.,  &  Conzelmann,  A.  (2019).  Science  or 

coaches’ eye? – Both! Beneficial collaboration of multidimensional measurements and coach 

assessments for efficient talent selection in elite youth football. Journal of Sports Science and 

Medicine, 18(1), 32–43.

 

Silva, C. D. D., Bloomfield, J., & Marins, J. C. B. (2008). A review of stature, body mass and 

maximal oxygen uptake profiles of U17, U20 and first division players in Brazilian soccer. Journal 

of Sports Science and Medicine, 7(3), 309–319.

 

Silva, M. J. C. E., Figueiredo, A. J., Simoes, F., Seabra, A., Natal, A., Vaeyens, R., & Malina, R. 

M. (2010). Discrimination of U-14 soccer players by level and position. International Journal 

Sports Medicine, 31(11), 790–796.

 

Skorski, S., Skorski, S., Faude, O., Hammes, D., & Meyer, T. (2016). The relative age effect  in  

elite  German   youth  soccer:  Implications  for  a  successful  career. International Journal of 

Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(3), 370–376.

 

Slimani,   M.,   &   Nikolaidis,   P.   T.   (2018).   Anthropometric   and   physiological 

characteristics of male soccer players according to their competitive level, playing position and 

age group: A systematic review. Journal of Science Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(1), 141–163.

 

Slimani, M., Znazen, H., Hammami, A., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2018). Comparison of body fat  percentage  

of  male  soccer  players  of  different  competitive  levels,  playing positions and age groups: A 

meta-analysis. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(6), 857–866.

 

Smith,  A.  L.  (2003).  Peer  relationships  in  physical  activity  contexts:  A  road  less 

traveled in youth sport and exercise psychology research. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(1), 

25–39.

 

Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a 

multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The athletic coping skills 

inventory-28. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 379–398.

 

Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., Cumming, S. P., & Grossbard, J. R. (2006). Measurement of 

multidimensional  sport  performance  anxiety  in  children  and  adults:  The  sport

anxiety scale-2. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28(4), 479–501.

 

Soberlak, P., & Cote, J. (2003). The developmental activities of elite ice hockey players.

Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15(1), 41–49.

 

Spencer,  M.,  Bishop,  D.,  Dawson,  B.,  &  Goodman,  C.  (2005).  Physiological  and metabolic  

responses  of  repeated-sprint  activities:  Specific  to  field-based  team sports. Sports 

Medicine, 35(12), 1025–1044.

 

Sporis,  G.,  Jukic,  I.,  Milanovic,  L.,  &  Vucetic,  V.  (2010).  Reliability  and  factorial 

validity of agility tests for soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(3), 

679–686.

 

Sporis,  G.,  Jukic,  I.,  Ostojic,  S.  M.,  &  Milanovic,  D.  (2009).  Fitness  profiling  in 

soccer:physical  and  physiological  characteristics  of  elite  players.  Journal  of Strength and 

Conditioning Research, 23(7), 1947–1953.

 

Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., 

& Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor  skill  competence  in  

physical  activity:  An  emergent  relationship.  Quest, 60(2), 290–306.

 

Stolen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisloff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. 

Sports Medicine, 35(6), 501–536.

 

Strachan,  L.,  Cote,  J.,  &  Deakin,  J.  (2011).  A  new  view:  Exploring  positive  youth 

development in elite sport contexts. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 3(1), 

9–32.

 

Sutton, L., Scott, M., Wallace, J., & Reilly, T. (2009). Body composition of English Premier League 

soccer players: Influence of playing position, international status, and ethnicity. Journal of 

Sports Sciences, 27(10), 1019–1026.

 

Svensson, M., & Drust, B. (2005). Testing soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 

601–618.

 

Tabachnick,  B.  G.,  &  Fidell,  L.  S.  (2007).  Using  multivariate  statistics  (4th  ed.).

Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.

 

Tambalis,  K.  D.,  Panagiotakos,  D.  B.,  Psarra,  G.,  Daskalakis,  S.,  Kavouras,  S.  A., 

Geladas, N., & Sidossis, L. S. (2015). Physical fitness normative values for 6 – 18-year- old Greek 

boys and girls, using the empirical distribution and the lambda, mu, and sigma statistical method. 

European Journal of Sport Science, 16(6), 736–

746.

 

Tanaka,  K.,  &  Matsuura,  Y.  (1982).  A  multivariate  analysis  of  the  role  of  certain

anthropometric and physiological attributes in distance running. Annals of Human Biology, 9(5), 

473–482.

 

Tanner, J. M. (1962). Growth at adolescence (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.

 

Thomas, J. R., French, K. E., & Humphries, C. A. (1986). Knowledge development and sport skill 

performance: Directions for motor behavior research. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(4), 259–272.

 

Tomkinson, G. R., Carver, K. D., Atkinson, F., Daniell, N. D., Lewis, L. K., Fitzgerald,

J. S., & Ortega, F. B. (2017). European normative values for physical fitness in children   and   

adolescents   aged   9-17   years:   Results   from   2779165   Eurofit performances  representing  

30  countries.  British  Journal  of  Sports  Medicine, 52(22), 1445–1456.

 

Tomkinson, G. R., Olds, T. S., & Borms, J. (2007). Who are the Eurofittest ? Medical Sport Science, 

50, 104–128.

 

Towlson, C., Cobley, S., Midgley, A. W., Garrett, A., Parkin, G., & Lovell, R. (2017). Relative 

age, maturation and physical biases on position allocation in elite-youth soccer. International 

Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(3), 201–209.

 

Trecroci, A., Milanovic, Z., Frontini, M., Iaia, F. M., & Alberti, G. (2018). Physical performance  

comparison  between  under  15  elite  and  sub-elite  soccer  players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 

61(1), 209–216.

 

Tribolet,   R.,   Bennett,   K.   J.   M.,   Watsford,   M.   L.,   &   Fransen,   J.   (2018).   A 

multidimensional  approach  to  talent  identification  and  selection  in  high-  level youth 

Australian Football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(22), 2537–2543.

 

Tuckman,  B.  W.,  &  Waheed,  M.  A.  (1981).  Evaluating  an  individualized  science program   

for  community  college   students.   Journal   of   Research   in  Science Teaching, 18(6), 

489–495.

 

Tumilty,  D.  (1993).  Physiological  characteristics  of  elite  soccer  players.  Sports 

Medicine, 16(2), 80–96.

 

Turner,  A.,  Walker,  S.,  Stembridge,  M.,  Coneyworth,  P.,  Reed,  G.,  Birdsey,  L.,  & Moody, 

J. (2011). A testing battery for the assessment of fitness in soccer players.

Strength and Conditioning Journal, 33(5), 29–39.

 

Ugarkovic,  D.,  &  Jaric,  S.  (2003).  Profiling  anthropometric  characteristics  and

functional performance of 12 to 18-year-old elite junior soccer players. Journal of Human Movement 

Studies, 45(5), 403–418.

 

Ulderink, A., Berger, H., Mariman, H., & Coolen, L. (2017). Dutch academy football coaching 

U14-U15. United Kingdom: SoccerTutor.com.

 

Unnithan, V., White, J., Georgiou, A., Iga, J., & Drust, B. (2012). Talent identification in youth 

soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1719–1726.

 

Vaeyens, R., Malina, R. M., Janssens, M., Renterghem, V. B., Bourgois, J., Vrijens, J., &  

Philippaerts,  R.  M.  (2006).  A  multidisciplinary  selection  model  for  youth soccer:  The  

Ghent  youth  soccer  project.  British  Journal  of  Sports  Medicine, 40(11), 928–934.

 

Vaeyens, R., Gullich, A., Warr, C. R., & Philippaerts, R. (2009). Talent identification and  

promotion  programmes  of  Olympic  athletes.  Journal  of  Sports  Sciences, 27(13), 1367–1380.

 

Vaeyens,  R.,  Lenoir,  M.,  Williams,  A.  M.,  &  Philippaerts,  R.  M.  (2008).  Talent 

identification and development programmes in sport: Current models and future directions. Sports 

Medicine, 38(9), 703–714.

 

Vaeyens, R., Philippaerts, R. M., & Malina, R. M. (2005). The relative age effect in soccer: A 

match-related perspective. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(7), 747–756.

 

Valente-Dos-Santos, J., Coelho-E-Silva, M. J., Severino, V., Duarte, J., Martins, R. S., 

Figueiredo, A. J., & Malina, R. M. (2012). Longitudinal study of repeated sprints ability in youth 

soccer players of contrasting skeletal maturity status. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 

11(3), 371–379.

 

Vandendriessche,  J.  B.,  Vaeyens,  R.,  Vandorpe,  B.,  Lenoir,  M.,  Lefevre,  J.,  & 

Philippaerts, R. M. (2012). Biological maturation, morphology, fitness, and motor coordination as 

part of a selection strategy in the search for international youth soccer players (age 15-16 

years). Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(15), 1695–1703.

 

Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J. B., Vaeyens, R., Pion, J., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts,

R. M., & Lenoir, M. (2012). The value of a non-sport-specific motor test battery in predicting 

performance in young female gymnasts. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(5), 497–505.

 

Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J., Lefevre, J., Pion, J., Vaeyens, R., Matthys, S., & Lenoir, M. 

(2011). The KorperkoordinationsTest fur Kinder: Reference values and suitability  for  

6-12-year-old  children  in  Flanders.  Scandinavian  Journal  of

Medicine and Science in Sports, 21(3), 378–388.

 

Verhulst,  J.  (1992).  Seasonal  birth  distribution  of  west  European  soccer  players:  A

possible explanation. Medical Hypotheses, 38(4), 346–348.

 

Wallace, J. L., & Norton, K. I. (2013). Evolution of world cup soccer final games 1966- 2010: Game 

structure, speed and play patterns. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(2), 223–228.

 

Ward,  P.,  Hodges,  N.  J.,  Starkes,  J.  L.,  &  Williams,  M.  A.  (2007).  The  road  to 

excellence:  Deliberate  practice  and  the  development  of  expertise.  High  Ability Studies, 

18(2), 119–153.

 

Wattie,  N.,  Schorer,  J.,  &  Baker,  J.  (2014).  The  relative  age  effect  in  sport :  A 

developmental systems model. Sports Medicine, 45(1), 83–94.

 

Weissensteiner, J., Abernethy, B., Farrow, D., & Muller, S. (2008). The development of   

anticipation :   A   cross-sectional   examination   of   the   practice   experiences contributing 

to skill in cricket batting. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30(6), 663–684.

 

Weston,  N.,  Greenlees,  I.,  &  Thelwell,  R.  (2013).  A  review  of  Butler  and  Hardy’s 

(1992)  performance  profiling  procedure  within  sport.  International  Review  of Sport and 

Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 1–21.

 

Williams, A. M., Davids, K., Burwittz, L., & Williams, J. (1993). Cognitive knowledge and soccer 

performance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 76(2), 579–593.

 

Williams, A. M., & Ericsson, K. A. (2005). Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: Some  

considerations  when  applying  the  expert  performance  approach.  Human Movement Science, 24(3), 

283–307.

 

Williams, A. M., Horn, R. R., & Hodges, N. J. (2003). Skill acquisition. In Thomas Reilly  &  A.  

M.  Williams  (Eds.),  Science  and  Soccer  (2nd  ed.,  pp.  198–213). London: Routledge.

 

Williams, A M, & Reilly, T. (2000). Talent identification and development in soccer.

Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9), 657–667.

 

Williams, J. H. (2010). Relative age effect in youth soccer: Analysis of the FIFA U17 world cup 

competition. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,

20(3), 502–508.

 

Williams, M., & Davids, K. (1995). Declarative knowledge in sport: A by-product of

experience   or   a   characteristic   of   expertise ?   Jornal   of   Sport   &   Exercise 

Psychology, 17(3), 259–275.

 

Wilson,  J.  G.  (2017).  Talent  identification  and  development  of  youth  athletes  in 

football. Journal of Australian Strength and Conditioning, 25(7), 73–78.

 

Wilson, R. S., James, R. S., David, G., Hermann, E., Morgan, O. J., Niehaus, A. C., & Smith, M. D. 

(2016). Multivariate analyses of individual variation in soccer skill as a tool for talent 

identification and development: Utilising evolutionary theory in sports science. Journal of Sports 

Sciences, 34(21), 2074–2086.

 

Wong,  P.  L.,  Chamari,  K.,  Dellal,  A.,  &  Wisloff,  U.  (2009).  Relationship  between 

anthropometric and physiological characteristics in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and 

Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1204–1210.

 

Woods,  C.  T.,  Joyce,  C.,  &  Robertson,  S.  (2015).  What  are  talent  scouts  actually 

identifying? Investigating the physical and technical skill match activity profiles of  drafted  

and  non-drafted  U18  Australian  footballers.  Journal  of  Science  and Medicine in Sport, 

19(5), 419–423.

 

Woods, C. T., Raynor, A. J., Bruce, L., McDonald, Z., & Robertson, S. (2016). The application of a 

multi-dimensional assessment approach to talent identification in Australian football. Journal of 

Sports Sciences, 34(14), 1340–1345.

 

Wragg, C. B., Maxwell, N. S., & Doust, J. H. (2000). Evaluation of the reliability and validity of 

a soccer-specific field test of repeated sprint ability of repeated sprint ability. European 

Journal of Applied Physiology, 83(1), 77–83.

 

Young, W., & Farrow, D. (2006). A review of agility: Practical applications for strength and 

conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 28(5), 24–29.

 

Zibung, M., & Conzelmann, A. (2013). The role of specialisation in the promotion of young  football 

 talents:  A  person-oriented  study.  European  Journal  of  Sport Science, 13(5), 452–460.

 

Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2011). Physical characteristics, physiological attributes, and on- field   

performances   of   soccer   goalkeepers.   International   Journal   of   Sports Physiology and 

Performance, 6(4), 509–524.

 

Zuber, C., Zibung, M., & Conzelmann, A. (2016). Holistic patterns as an instrument for predicting  

the  performance  of  promising  young  soccer  players  –  A  3-years

longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(1088), 1–10.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries with this repository, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or Whatsapp +60163630263 (Office hours only)