UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Sejak negara ini mencapai kemerdekaan pada tahun 1957, pemupukan perpaduan nasional
telah dilakukan dengan pelbagai kaedah dan strategi termasuklah dalam bidang pendidikan.
Pada asalnya tumpuan adalah terhadap usaha mengintegrasikan tiga kaum utama di negara
ini iaitu Melayu, Cina dan India. Dengan perkembangan terbaharu dalam sistem pendidikan
nasional, dan ditambah dengan cabaran terkini dalam kepelbagaian budaya penduduk serta
interaksi yang semakin global, suatu pendekatan baharu wajar diteliti bagi mengetengahkan
perpaduan sebagai satu agenda utama dalam pendidikan di negara ini. Dalam hal ini,
pendekatan .baharu melalui Pendidikan Pelbagai Budaya (PPB) dilihat sebagai satu
strategi yang boleh diketengahkan bagi mendepani permasalahan berkenaan. PPB
merupakan suatu kerangka konsep yang memberi penekanan kepada kepentingan
mengiktiraf kepelbagaian budaya dalam masyarakat majmuk. Menerusi strategi pelaksanaannya,
PPB bermatlamat meningkatkan persefahaman, toleransi dan perpaduan antara ahli masyarakat
tanpa mengira perbezaan etnik, budaya, kelas sosial, gender dan keupayaan mental
atau fizikal. Kajian ini secara umumnya meneliti kerangka PPB berdasarkan Model Dimensi
PPB yang telah dibina dalam hubungannya dengan sistem pendidikan di Malaysia. Secara
khususnya pula, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mendapatkan pandangan pakar tentang konsep,
prinsip, falsafah, matlamat dan strategi PPB dalam konteks sistem pendidikan nasional.
Seterusnya, kajian ini turut mengetengahkan cadangan tentang peri pentingnya PPB
dilaksanakan bagi memenuhi agenda perpaduan kaum yang lebih mantap. Kajian ini menggunakan
pendekatan kaedah Delphi sebanyak tiga pusingan soal selidik bagi memperoleh maklum
balas daripada sekumpulan pakar yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria khusus. Hasil
analisis maklum balas pakar digunakan dalam membuat keputusan tentang keperluan dan jangkaan
terhadap PPB. Kaedah ini juga digunakan bagi menentukan kesesuaian dan keberkesanan
pelaksanaan PPB di negara ini pada masa hadapan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan dengan jelas
jumlah peratusan yang munasabah tentang tiga perkara: pertama, tentang wujudnya
keperluan untuk pelaksanaan PPB; ked tentang wujudnya potensi PPB diterima; dan
ketiga, tentang keberkesanan pelaksanaan PPB dalam sistem pendidikan negara. Secara
khusus, penerapan PPB dalam sistem pendidikan boleh menyediakan ruang dan kesempatan
yang lebih baik untuk memenuhi tuntutan menyatupadukan masyarakat berbilang budaya.
Di samping itu, penerapan PPB ini juga boleh dijalankan dengan lebih menyeluruh dan
berkesan. Secara keseluruhannya, PPB turut diperakui sebagai strategi terbaik
untuk melengkapkan fungsi pendidikan sebagai pembentuk insan yang seimbang. Ini adalah sejajar
dengan pelan bertindak bagi menghadapi cabaran masa hadapan dalam
masyarakat moden Malaysia. |
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