UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk membangun dan mengesahkan instrumen pengukuran
tahap penguasaan kandungan mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) untuk
guru sekolah menengah. Kajian ini menggunakan model Pedagogical Content
Knowledge (PCK) oleh Shulman yang memfokuskan kepada tiga elemen iaitu
pengetahuan, kemahiran, nilai dan sikap. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk
pembangunan instrumen berdasarkan model Design and Development Research
(DDR). Instrumen yang dibangunkan melalui proses kesahan menggunakan Fuzzy
Delphi dan analisis pengesahan faktor. Kebolehpercayaan item instrumen diuji
menggunakan model Rasch. Pembangunan instrumen ini berdasarkan ini kepada tiga
fasa iaitu fasa analisis keperluan, fasa reka bentuk dan pembangunan fasa penilaian.
Fasa analisis keperluan menggunakan soal selidik terbuka dan protokol temu bual
separa berstruktur bersama lima (5) orang pakar bidang RBT untuk mengenal pasti
konstruk dan subkonstruk awal. Fasa kedua pula iaitu fasa mereka bentuk dan
membangun instrumen, ia melibatkan proses membina item berdasarkan jadual
spesifikasi instrumen dan disahkan menggunakan kaedah Fuzzy Delphi oleh 13 pakar
bidang. Seterusnya, fasa penilaian pula dijalankan sebanyak dua kali melalui kajian
rintis. Hasil kajian rintis mendapati sebanyak 24 item pengetahuan, 18 item kemahiran
serta 4 item nilai dan sikap telah disingkirkan. Fasa pengesahan terakhir melibatkan
seramai 457 guru di sekolah menengah yang dipilih secara pensampelan rawak berstrata
mengikut zon dan kemudian secara rawak mudah mengikut sekolah dalam daerah.
Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kebolehpercayaan responden dan item bagi konstruk
pengetahuan adalah 0.88/0.96, konstruk kemahiran 0.88/0.96 serta konstruk nilai dan
sikap adalah 0.80/0.97. Pengesahan model pengukuran dalam analisis pengesahan
faktor telah menunjukkan bahawa instrumen penguasaan kandungan Reka Bentuk
Teknologi (IpkRBT) mempunyai kesahan konvergen dan kesahan diskriminan yang
baik serta boleh diterima dan fit dengan model pengukuran. Data empirikal kajian
menunjukkan model pengukuran IpkRBT adalah fit dengan nilai berdasarkan indeks
kesesuaian (fit) iaitu absolute fit, RMSEA 0.072 ( 0.85) Parsimonious fit, Chisq/df 3.370 (< 5.0).
Akhirnya, instrumen IpkRBT mengandungi 58 item pengetahuan, 19 item kemahiran
serta 5 item nilai dan sikap yang memenuhi piawaian psikometrik. Kesimpulannya,
instrumen IpkRBT yang dibangunkan telah diuji kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan dan
didapati memenuhi kriteria psikometrik dan sesuai digunakan untuk mengukur tahap
penguasaan guru RBT terhadap kandungan mata pelajaran RBT di sekolah menengah.
Implikasi kajian menunjukkan instrumen ini boleh diguna pakai oleh pihak
Kementerian Pendidikan dan pihak sekolah untuk tujuan pembangunan profesionalisma
guru-guru RBT di sekolah menengah. |
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