UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :LB Theory and practice of education
Main Author :Nor Anisah Ahmad
Title :Pembangunan modul lakaran dan kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid dalam mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk Teknologi (RBT)
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Teknikal dan Vokasional
Year of Publication :2021
Notes :PAKK
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file
PDF Full Text :Login required to access this item.

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan modul lakaran untuk mata pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) dan mengkaji kesannya terhadap pencapaian murid tingkatan satu di sekolah menengah di Malaysia. Modul ini dibangunkan berasaskan teori kontruktivisme dan model Hope. Lima konstruk iaitu pengenalan lakaran, elemen lakaran, prinsip lakaran, lakaran piktorial dan kesan visual telah diadaptasi daripada model Hope. Kajian ini mengunakan reka bentuk kuasi-eksperimen untuk menentukan kesan modul manakala model Kajian Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (DDR) digunakan untuk membangunkan modul. Modul telah disahkan oleh tujuh orang pakar dengan nilai kesepakatan melebihi 70 peratus. Instrumen kajian terdiri pada ujian pra-pos, soal selidik dan protokol temu bual juga telah disahkan oleh tujuh orang pakar. Nilai kebolehpercayaan soal selidik menggunakan pekali Alfa Cronbach, α = 0.96. Dalam pembangunan modul, pendekatan DDR dengan tiga fasa telah digunakan. Dalam fasa pertama, analisis keperluan dan analisis dokumen telah dijalankan dan didapati sebanyak 23 subkonstruk berjaya dikenalpasti untuk isi kandungan modul. Dalam fasa kedua, pendekatan Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) telah dijalankan untuk mengesahkan konstruk dan sub konstruk untuk modul dan didapati lima konstruk utama dan 18 sub konstruk telah diterima oleh panel pakar Delphi. Fasa ketiga pula bertujuan untuk menentukan kesan modul di mana empat kumpulan rawatan dan empat kumpulan kawalan telah dibina dengan sampel keseluruhan seramai 132 murid yang telah dipilih secara rawak kluster daripada dua buah sekolah menengah. Dapatan utama kajian kuasi-eksperimen ini menggunakan analisis SPANOVA mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan untuk ujian pos di antara empat kumpulan rawatan dan empat kumpulan kawalan [F (7,124) = 96.68; p

References

A Ali dan Z Mahamod (2016). Pembangunan dan Kebolehgunaan Modul Berasaskan

Bermain bagi Pembelajaran Kemahiran Bahasa Melayu Kanak-Kanak , Jurnal

Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 2016 - spaj.ukm.my

 

Abdul Fatah (1998). Pemikiran Keseluruhan Otak: Dalam Pengurusan Pendidikan dan

Kaitannya Dengan Kecerdasan Emosi (Emotional Intelligent-E.Q). Kuala Lumpur:

Utusan Publications dan Distributors Sdn Bhd.

 

Abdul Hannan ( 2013). Teknik lakaran menguatkan daya ingatan murid bagi menguasai

topik tindak balas tumbuhan. Kajian Tindakan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Perguruan.

Jabatan Sains dan Matematik, IPG Kampus Perlis.

 

Abdul Latif Gapor (2003). Pengenalan Teori-Teori Pembelajaran. Nota Kuliah Kursus

Pembelajaran Berasaskan Elektronik dan Web (KPT 6043). Fakulti Teknologi dan

Sains Maklumat. Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Abdullah, A.R (2014). Kesan Video Bernarasi Dalam Pembelajaran Berasaskan

Multimedia Untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Psikomotor Nagi Pelajar Yang Berbeza

Kebolehan Spatial Dan Jantina. Tesis PHD.USM.

 

Adler, M., dan Ziglio, E. (1996). Gazing into the Oracle: The Delphi method and its

application to social policy and public health: Jessica Kingsley Publisher.

 

Adolph, K. E., dan Joh, A. S. (2007). Motor development: How infants get into the act. In

Slater, A., dan Lewis, M. (Eds.), Introduction to infant development (2 nd Ed.). New

York: Oxford University Press.

 

Ahmad Fikri Ab. Rahman ,Zamri Mahamod (2019). Scetch Technique with i-Think Flow

Map to Improve Generating Ideas Skill among Lun Bawang Students Ethnic in

Autobiography Writing Sains). ISSN: 2180-4842. Vol. 9, Bil. 1 (Mei 2019): 12-22

12 Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu

 

Ahmad Shakir, N. S., dan Adnan, N. H. (2020). Kebolehgunaan Massive Open Online

Course (MOOC) Sebagai E-Pembelajaran dalam Pengajaran Pengaturcaraan di

Sekolah Menengah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

(MJSSH), 5(6), 33 - 41. Retrieved from

https://msocialsciences.com/index.php/mjssh/article/view/429.

 

Ahmad, Nor dan Ros, Ridzwan dan Kamis, Arasinah dan Abdullah, Raja Nazim dan

Abdullah, Norhafillah. (2019). Application of Fuzzy Delphi Technique to Determine

the Elements in Sketch Module for Design and Technology Students. International

Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 23. 1030-1038.

10.37200/IJPR/V23I4/PR190431.

 

Ahmad, Nor dan Ros, Ridzwan dan Kamis, Arasinah dan Makmor, Hawa. (2019). Need

Analysis : Development of LK-DdanT Sketch Module for Form One Design and

Technology (DdanT) Subject in Secondary School. Journal of Vocational Education

Studies. 2. 75. 10.12928/joves.v2i2.708.

 

Alfonso Martin-Erro, M. D. (2016). The Role of Sketching in Engineering Design and its

Presence on Engineering Education. Design Engineering Area - Universidad

Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid (SPAIN).

doi:10.21125/inted.2016.1822

 

Aliff nawi et al,. (2015). Penilaian kualiti Modul IPBL : Aspek kesahan dan

kebolehpercayaan . Journal Pengukuran Kualiti dan Analisis.JQMA 11(2) 2015,1-

10

 

Amir Awang (1986). Teori-Teori Pembelajaran. Petaling Jaya: Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn.

Bhd.

 

Ari Chand (2016). Why is teaching kids to draw not a more important part of the

curriculum?https://theconversation.com/why-is-teaching-kids-to-draw-not-a-moreimportant-

part-of-the-curriculum-60379.

 

Ary,D., Jacobs, L.C., dan Sorenson, C. (2012). Introduction to research in education ( 8th

ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth

 

Ashari, Z. M. (2014). Aplikasi Modul Belajar Melalui Bermain dalam Kefahaman Awal

Matematik dan Motivasi Kanak-kanak Prasekolah. Tesis PHD.tidak diterbitkan.

johor bharu: utm.

 

Ausubel, D. P. (1968). Educational Psychology: A cognitive view. Retrieved from

http://doi.org/10.1107/S010827019000508X

 

Aziezatul Nezirah Amri, M. N. (2019). Keberkesanan Alat Bantu Mengajar (SMART COT)

Dalam Asas Pembuatan Perabut Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Harian Pendidikan

Khas Tingkatan Satu. Journal of Vocational Education Studies (JOVES), 23-26.

 

Azumu, Azlan and Subari, Kamalularifin (2003) Aspek Kemahiran Guru-guru Kemahiran

Hidup (kh) Tahun Akhir Program Khas Pensiswazahan Guru (pkpg) Di

Utm. Bachelor's thesis, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

 

Baharen, K., Luaran, J. E. dan Mohamed, Z. (2011). National Academic Conference

(ENRICH 2011). A Study on the Level of Skills And Perceptions Towards Information

Technology Among Primary School Teacher In Pitas Distric, Malaysia. Kelantan.

Universiti Teknologi MARA.

 

Baharudin Saleh, Mohamad Sattar Rasul, dan Haryanti Mohd Affandi. (2018). Pedagogical

Practices of Design and Technology Teacher Trainees Pedagogical Practices of

Design and Technology Teacher Trainees. International Journal of Academic

Research in Business dan Social Sciences, 8(5), 319–329.

https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i5/4104

 

Bahrum, S., dan Ibrahim, M. N. (2019). Kebolehgunaan Modul “steAm” dalam

Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual Sekolah Rendah. KUPAS

SENI: Jurnal Seni Dan Pendidikan Seni, 6. Retrieved from

http://202.45.132.61/index.php/JSPS/article/view/2282

 

Bar-Eli (2013). Sketching profiles: Awareness to individual differences in sketching as a

mins of enhancing design solution .Development Shoshi, College of Management,

Academic Studies, Department of Interior Design, Rishon le-Zion 7549071, Israel.

 

Barlex, D. (1995). Nuffield Design and Technology: Student’s Book, Longman, Harlow.

 

Ben Jonson (2005). Design ideation: the conceptual sketch in the digital age, University of

London, Goldsmiths College, Department of Design, New Cross, London SE14

6NW, UK

 

Bodjanova, S. (2006). Median alpha-levels of a fuzzy number. Fuzzy Sets and Systems,

157(7), 879–891. doi:10.1016/j.fss.2005.10.015

 

Borgatti, Stephen P. and Pacey C. Foster (2003), The Network Paradigm inOrganizational

Research: A Review and Typology, Journal of Management29, 991-1003.

 

Brookhart, S. (2013). How to create and use rubrics for formative assessment. Virginia:

Association for Supervision and Curriculum development.

 

Buang, M. S. (2019). Kesan Penggunaan CAD3D Sebagai Medium Penjanaan Idea Inovasi

Berbanding Lakaran Tangan. Politeknik dan Kolej Komuniti Journal of Sosial

Sciences and Humanities, Vol.4, No.1,, 12-19.

 

Wan Nur Khalisah Shamsudin, Anith Liyana Amin Nudin dan Lili Eliana Mohd Radzuan.

(2019). Buku kerja atau workbook lakaran idea pelajar

 

Campbell, dan Stanley. (1963). Experimental and quasi experimental design for research.

https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780195389678-0053

 

Casper,A.N.(2003):http://www.linguitics.byu.edu/resource/volunteer/TESOLBYU.needanal

ysis.Html.

 

Cathrine Masingan, S. S. (2019). Pengetahuan Pedagogi Kandungan (PPK) Guru Bukan

Pengkhususan Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi(RBT) di Sekolah Menengah. Malaysian

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH)Volume 4, Issue 6, October

2019e-ISSN : 2504-8562, www.msocialsciences.com.

 

Chai, C. S., dan Chen, D. (2004). A review on usability evaluation methods for instructional

multimedia: An analytical framework. Instructional Journal of Multimedia, 31(3). Diakses dari

http://www.eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?acc.no=ED501 628

 

Chang, P. L., Hsu, C. W., dan Chang, P. C. (2011). Fuzzy Delphi method for evaluating

hydrogen production technologies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36,

14172–14179. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.05.045

 

Cheng, C. H., dan Lin, Y. (2002). Evaluating the best main battle tank using fuzzy decision

theory with linguistic criteria evaluation. European Journal of Operational Research,

142(1), 174–186. doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00280- 6

 

Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan: Asas Statistik penyelidikan buku

2. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.

 

Chua, Y. (2014). Asas statistik penyelidikan(Edisi ke3). Kuala Lumpur: : McGraw-Hill

(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

 

Cohen L., Manion L. dan Morrison K. (2000). Research Methods in Education. London:

Routledge Falmer.

 

Cohen, J. W (2000) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Ed. Second.

Hillsdale, New Jersey : Lawrences Erlbaum Associates

 

Cooper, Randolph B. and Richard A. Wolfe (2005), Information processing model

ofinformation technology adapta-tion: An intra-organizational diffusionperspective,

Database for Advances in Information Systems36, 30-48

 

Cornish, E.S. (1979). Why study the future. World Future Society.

 

Council, C. D. (2000). Syllabuses for secondary schools: Design dan technology (Secondary

1-3). . Hong Kong.

 

Crain, W. (2016). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). London:

Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.

 

Creswell,J.W.(2016). Educational research: Pearson new international edition: planning,

conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th Ed. ). Boston:

Pearson Education Limited

 

Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika,

16(3), 297-334.

 

Curriculum Development Council and Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment

Authority,(2007) Technology education key learning area: Design and applied

technology curriculum and assessment guide (Secondary 4-6). Hong Kong:

Education Bureau, Government Printer.

 

Curriculum Development Council,(2000). Syllabuses for secondary schools: Design dan

technology (Secondary 1-3). Hong Kong: The Education Department, Government

Printer.

 

Current State of Affairs.Grietjie Haupt, (2017). Design in Technology Education:

 

Danos, X. (2014). Graphicacy and culture: Refocusing on visual learning. Leicestershire:

Loughborough, Design Press Ltd.

 

De Vries, M.J.(2002). International Trends in Design and Technology. In: Owen-Jackson,

G. (Ed), Teaching Design and Technology in Secondary Schools: A Reader. London:

Routledge, 287-298.

 

Department for Education. (1992). Technology for ages 5 to 16 (1992): Proposals for the

secretary of statefor education and the secretary of state for wales. London: HMSO.

 

DeVellis R.F. (2003). Scale Development: Theory and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA:

Sage.

 

Dewey. J (1938). Democracy and Education. New York: Mac Milan

 

Dick, W., Carey, L., dan Carey, O.J. (2009). The systematic design of instruction. (7th ed.).

Boston, MA: Pearson

 

Dopyera, M.Z.L., dan John Dopyera, J. (1993). Becoming a teacher of young children. New

York: McGraw Hill.

 

Dorst, K. (2006). Design problems and design paradoxes. Design Issues, 22(3), 4–17.

 

E. Rinto (2013). Developing and Applying an Information Literacy Rubric to Student

Annotated Bibliographies Erin University of Nevada, Las Vegas,

 

Edwards. B(1979) . Drawing on the right side of the Brain: A course in enhancing creativity

and aitistic confidence, J.P Tarcher, Los Angles.

 

Eftah Haji Abdullah dan Abd Aziz Abdul Syukur.( 2014). Pentaksiran prestasi dan

pentaksiran rujukan standard dalam bilik darjah. Syarikat harkam Enterprise.

 

Egelhoff, William G. (1991), Information-processing theory And The

MultinationalEnterprise, Journal of Interna-tional Business Studies22, 341-368

 

Elizabeth, A., dan Plessis, D. (2019). Barriers to e ff ective management of diversity in

classroom contexts : The out-of- fi eld teaching phenomenon. International Journal

of Educational Research, 93(November 2017), 136–152.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2018.11.002

 

Erdogan.E, Selcuk (2014) , Sketch, Concept and Creativity In The Education Of

Architectural Design(ICESA). Internat?ional Civil Engineering dan Architecture

Symposium for Academicians 38 Vocational School of Tech. Science, Department of

Construction, University Konya, Turkey.

 

Fabes, R.A., dan Martin, C.L. (2002). Exploring child development (2nd. Ed.). New York:

Houghton Mifflin Company.

 

Farzad Pour Rahimian Leilabadi (2019). Bantuan Lakaran Digital 3D dalam Tranformasi

Kognitif semasa Proses Mereka Bentuk Konsep Seni Bina.(Tesis PHD Tidak

Diterbitkan, Universiti Malaya.

 

Fatimah Ibda. (2015). Perkembangan kognitif: Teori Jean Piaget. Jurnal Intelektualita,

3(1),27-38. Dimuat turun daripada

http://jurnal.arraniry.ac.id/index.php/intel/article/view/197

 

Faulkner, V.N., dan Cain, C. (2013). Improving the Mathematical Content Knowledge of

General and Special Educators. Teacher Education and Special Education, 36, 115 -

131.

 

Ferguson, E. S. (1992). Engineering and The Mind's Eye. MIT Press.

 

Fish, J., Scrivener, S. (2004). Cognitive Catalysis: Sketches for a Time-lagged Brain. In:

Goldschmidt, G., Porter, W.L. (ed.) Design Representation. London: Springer.

 

Fish, J., Scrivener, S. (1990). Amplifying the Mind's Eye: Sketching and Visual Cognition.

Leonardo, 23, 117-126.

 

Fleer, M. (2000). Working technologically: Investigations into how young children design

and make during technology education. International Journal of Technology and

Design Education, 10, 43–59.

 

Frankel,J.R., Warren, N.E., dan Hyun, H.H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in

education (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill

 

Furner, J. M., dan Marinas, C. A. (2007). Geometry sketching software for elementary

children: Easy as 1,2,3. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology

Education, 3(1), 83–91.

 

Gagne, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., dan Yekovich, F. R. (1993). The cognitive psychology of

school learning. New York: Harper Collins College Publisher.

 

Gaitskell, D. (1958). Art; child artists; study and teaching (elementary). New York: Harcourt

Brace.

 

Ghazali Darusalam dan Sufian Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan:

Amalan dan analisis kajian. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit UM

 

Goldschmidt, G. (1991). The dialectics of sketching. Creativity Research Journal, 4(2), 123–

143.

 

Goldschmidt, G. (2014). Modeling the Role of Sketching in Design Idea Generation.

Springer-Verlag London.

 

Goldschmidt, G. (1994). On visual design thinking: the vis kids of architecture Design

Studies, 15, 158-174.

 

Goldschmidt, G. (2003). The Backtalk of Self-Generated Sketches. Design Issues, 19, 17.

 

Goldschmidt, G., dan Smolkov, M. (2004). Design problems are not of a kind: Differences

in the effectiveness of visual stimuli in design problem solving. In J. Gero, B. Tversky,

dan T. Knight (Eds.), Visual and spatial reasoning in design (pp. 199–218). Sydney:

Key Centre.

 

Gustafson, B., MacDonald, D., dan Gentilini, S. (2007). Using talking and drawing to design:

Elementary children collaborating with university industrial design students. Journal

of Technology Education,19(1), 19–34.

 

Gwyneth Owen-Jackson (2015). Learning to Teach Design and Technology in the Secondary

School.Taylor dan Francis group

 

Hair, J.E., Anderson, R.E Tattham, R.L. and Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data

Analysis. 5th Ed. Upper Saddle River; Prentise Hall.

 

Härkki, T., Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P. dan Hakkarainen, K.(2018) Line by line, part by part:

collaborative sketching for designing. Int J Technol Des Educ 28, 471–494 .

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-016-9379-7.

 

Hassan Langgulung. (1993). Menghadapi Abad Kedua Puluh Satu. Cetak ulang. Bangi:

Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Hilton, E., Li, W., Newton, S. H., Alemdar, M., Pucha, R., dan Linsey, J. (2016). The

Development and Effects of Teaching Perspective Free-Hand Sketching in

Engineering Design. In Proceedings of the ASME 2016 International Design

Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering

Conference IDETC/CIE.

 

HMSO (2000).Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, Design and Technology in the

National Curriculum. London.

 

HMSO,(1988). Department of Education and Science [DES]/Welsh Office [WO]. National

Curriculum Design and Technology Working Group: Interim report [The Parkes

Report]. London:

 

HMSO. (2000). Design and Technology in the National Curriculum . London: Qualifications

and Curriculum Authority.

 

Hope, G. (2000). Beyond their capability? Drawing, designing and the young child. Journal

of Design and Technology Education, 5(2), 106–114.

 

Hope, G. (2005). Types of drawings that young children produce in response to design tasks.

Design and Technology Education: An International Journal, 10(1), 43–53.

 

Hope, G. (2008). Thinking and learning through drawing. London: SAGE.

 

Hope, G. 2005. The Types of Drawings that Young Children Produce in Response to Design

Tasks. Design and Technology Education, 10, 11.

 

Hope, G. (2008). Thinking and Learning through Drawing, London, Sage Publications

Limited.

 

Hsieh, T.Y., Lu, S.T., Tzeng, G.H. (2004). Fuzzy MCDM approach for planning and design

tenders selection in public office building. International journal of project

management, 22(7), 573-584.

 

Hussein Mahmood. (1994). Teori-Teori Pengajaran dan Implikasi. Petaling Jaya: Prints

Press.

 

Ibrahim, Zainuddin (2017). Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Seni Grafik Berasaskan

Teknologi dan Gaya Pembelajaran Pelajar Bermasalah Pendengaran. Tesis

PHD.Tidak diterbitkan. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya.Kuala Lumpur.

 

Jackson, S. (2016). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach.

Boston,MA: Cengage Learning.

 

Jaffri Hanafi, S. R. (2014). Kreativiti Menerusi Modul Bertema : Guru Menjana atau

menghalang Perkembangan Kreativiti Kanak - Kanak ? Jurnal Pengajian Melayu,

Jilid 24, .

 

Jamaludin Ahmad. (2002). Kesahan, kebolehpercayaan dan keberkesanan modul program

maju diri ke atas motivasi pencapaian di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah negeri

Selangor. Tesis PhD. Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Jamaludin Ahmad.(2016). Modul motivasi diri. Kuala Lumpur/; Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka

 

Jamelaa Bibi Abdullah, S. I. (2018). A Fuzzy Delphi Method - Developing High -

Performance Leardership Standard For Malaysia School Learders . Journal

Education and Social Sciences, Vol. 9, Issue 2, (February) .

 

Jansson, D. G., dan Smith, S. M. (1991). Design fixation. Design Studies, 12(1), 3–11.

 

Jensen, E. (2000). Brain-Based Learning. Boston: The Brain Store Publishing

 

Johnsey, R. (1998). Exploring Primary Design and Technology, Cassell, London.

 

Johnsey, R. (1995). ‘The Design Process-Does it Exist? A Critical Review of Published

Models for the Design Process in England and Wales’, International Journal of

Technology and Design Education 5, 199–217.

 

Jokela, T., Livari, N., Matero, J., dan Karukka, M. (2003). The standard of usercentered

design and the standard definition of usability: Analysing ISO 13407 against ISO

9241-11. In Proceedings of the Latin American Conference (CLIHC 03): Human-

Computer Interaction (pp. 53-60).

 

Jonassen, D. H. (1997). Instructional design models for well-structured and Ill-structured

problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational Technology Research and

Development, 45(1), 65–94.

 

Jones, A. and Compton, V.(2009), Reviewing the Field of Technology Education in New

Zealand. In: Jones, A.T. and De Vries, M.J. (Eds), International Handbook of

Research and Development in Technology Education. Rotterdam, Netherlands:

Sense Publishers, 93-104.

 

Jones, A., Harlow, A., dan Cowie, B. (2004). New Zealand teachers’ experiences in

implementing the technology curriculum. International Journal of Technology and

Design Education, 14, 101–119.

 

Jones, H., dan Twiss, B.C (1978). Forecasting technology for planning decisions. New York,

NY: Petrocelli Books.

 

Jonson, B. (2004). Design Ideation: The Conceptual Sketch in a Digital Design Culture. PhD

Thesis, University of London.

 

Joran W. Booth, Elkin A. Taborda, Karthik Ramani dan Tahira Reid, The Design Lab And

the REID Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University.USA

 

Juhazren Junaidi dan Madihah Jailani,(2013) Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi

Penggunaan E-Learning Di Kalangan Pelajar-Pelajar Tahun Empat, Fakulti

Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia.

 

Kamus Dewan. (2006). Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

 

Kaufman, R., dan English, F. W. (1979).Needs assessment.Concept and application.

Englewood Cliffs,NJ, USA: Educational Technology Publications.

 

Kaufmann, A., dan Gupta, M. (1988). Fuzzy mathematical models in engineering and

management science. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

 

Kelley, T. R., dan Knowles, J. G. (2016).A conceptual framework for integrated

STEM education.International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), 11

 

Kelley, T., dan Wicklein, R. C. (2009). Examination of engineering design curriculum

content in secondary technology education. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education,

46(1), 7–31.

 

Kellogg, R. (1970). Analyzing children’s art, Palo Alto. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield Publishing

Company.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia

2013 –2025. (Pendidikan Tinggi).Diakses dari https://www.mohe.gov.my/ms/muatturun/

awam/penerbitan-dan-jurnal/pppm-2015-2025-pt/3-pelan-pembangunanpendidikan-

malaysia-2015-2025-pendidikan-tinggi/file

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). Buku teks reka bentuk dan teknologi RBT

tingkatan satu. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Perkembangan Kurikulum.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.(2016a). Buku Penerangan Kurikulum Standard Sekolah

Menengah (KSSM).Putrajaya, Malaysia: KementerianPendidikan Malaysia.

 

Khoza, S.D.(2017). Identifying the gaps of fourth year degree pre-service teachers’

pedagogical content knowledge in teaching engineering graphics and design. Int J

Technol Des Educ 27, 537–548 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-016-9363-2

 

Kim, Y., Chu, H.?E., dan Lim, G. (2011). Science Curriculum Changes and STEM Education

in East Asia. In M. S. Khine (Ed.), Science Education in East Asia: Pedagogical

Innovations and Research?informed Practices (pp. 149–226). Switzerland: Springer

International Publishing.

 

Kimbell, R. (2004). Ideas and Ideation. The Journal of Design and Technology Education,

9, 2.

 

Kimbell, R., dan Perry, D. (2001). Design and Technology in a Knowledge Economy.

London: Engineering Council.

 

Kimbell.R., Stables, K., dan Green, R. (1996). Understanding practice in design and

technology: Developing science and technology education. Buckingham:Open

University.

 

Kin Wai Michael Siu, Yi Lin Wong dan Wei-wei Feng (2010).,Why fail? Experience of

technology education in Hong Kong ,Hong Kong Polytechnic ,University Hong

Kong, People’s Republic of China, World Transactions on Engineering and

Technology Education, WIETE Vol.8, No.2,

 

Kudrowitz, B., Te, P., dan Wallace, D. (2012). The influence of sketch quality on perception

of product-idea creativity. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis

and Manufacturing: AIEDAM, 26(3), 267-

279. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890060412000145

 

Lane, D, Seery,N., dan Gordon,S (2010). A Paradigm for Promoting Visual Synthesis

through Freehand Sketching.Design and technology education: An international

journal 15.3

 

Lane, D., Seery, N. (2010a). Freehand sketching as a catalyst for developing concept driven

competencies. American Society of Engineering Education Annual Conference.

Louisville, Kentucky.

 

Lane, D., Seery, N., Gordon, S. (2009). The Understated Value of Freehand Sketching in

Technology Education. Engineering Design Graphics Journal, 73, 13-22.

 

Lane, D., Seery, N., Gordon, S. (2010). Promoting Creative Discovery and Mental Synthesis

through Freehand Sketching. In: Visualizing Change: Graphics on the Horizon,

October 3-6, 2010b Houghton, Michigan.

 

Lane, Diarmaid; Seery, Niall; Gordon, Seamus,(2010). A Paradigm for Promoting Visual

Synthesis through Freehand Sketching, Design and Technology Education, v15 n3

p68-90 2010.

 

Lawson, B., dan Dorst, K. (2009). Design expertise (Vol. 31). Oxford: Architectural Press.

 

Lee, K., Courtney, M., McGlashan, A. et al. (2020) .Initial teacher education students’

perceptions of technology and technology education in New Zealand. Int J Technol

Des Educ 30, 437–458 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09516-6

 

Lee, T. T. (2013). Pembinaan dan keberkesanan modul multimedia interaktif dengan agen

pedagogi dalam pembelajaran elektrokimia. PhD thesis, UKM.

 

Lewis, T. (2005). Coming to terms with engineering design as content. Journal of

Technology Education.,16(2), 37–54.

 

Longman Gupta, Aanil K. and Vijay Govindarajan (1991), Knowledge flows and the

structure of control within multinational corporations, Academy of Management

Review16,768-792.

 

Lowenfeld, V. (1964). Creative and mental growth (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan

Publishing Company.

 

Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and Quantification of Content Validity.Nursing

Research, 35(6), 382?386.

 

MacDonald, A., Hunter, J., Wise, K., dan Fraser, S. (2019). STEM and STEAM and the

spaces between: An overview of education agendas pertaining to ‘disciplinarity’

across three Australian states. Journal of Research in STEM Education, 5(1), 75-

92.

 

MacDonald, D., Gustafson, B. J., dan Gentilini, S. (2007). Enhancing children’s drawing in

design technology planning and making. Research in Science dan Technological

Education, 25(1), 59–75. doi:10.1080/02635140601053500

 

Majid K. (2009). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan

Pustaka.

 

Malcolm Welch, dan David Barlex (2004) DATA International Research Conference

2004,Creativity and Innovation,Portfolios in Design and Technology

Education:Investigating Differing Views Queens University, Canada, Nuffield

Foundation, England.

 

McCormick, D. (2007). Seeing mechanical: A case for advancing the role of sketching in the

art of engineering. Mechanical engineering, 129(9), 35–36.

 

McKillip, J. (1987). Need Analysis: Tools for the Human Service and Education. Applied

Social Research Methods Series, Volume 10. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA

 

Md Nasir Abd Manan, (1989). Lukisan Geometri, perpustakaan Kuala Lumpur, Cawangan

Taman Tun Dr Ismail.ISBN 9789679501254

 

Md Zahir, M. Z., Saper, M. N., dan Bistamam, M. N. (2019). Kesahan dan

Kebolehpercayaan Modul Kelompok Bimbingan Integrasi REBT-Tazkiyah An-

Nafs. Journal of Research, Policy dan Practice of Teachers and Teacher

Education, 9(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol9.no1.6.2019

 

Md. Salleh, Shaharuddin and Ariffin, Noor Hanizah (2010) Pembangunan Dan Penilaian

Modul Pembelajaran Kendiri (Mpk) Kimia Tingkatan Empat : Asid Dan Bes. . pp. 1-

8.

 

Mertler, Craig A. (2001). Designing scoring rubrics for your classroom. Practical

Assessment, Research dan Evaluation, 7(25). Retrieved October 2, 2014 from

http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=7dann=25. Stergar, C. (2005). Performance

tasks, checklists, and rubrics. Glenview: Pearson Education.

 

Middleton, H. (2002). Technology education in Australia: Developing a new basic. The

Technology Teacher, 62(3), 1–4.

 

Middleton, H.(2009), Technology Education and Research in Australia: A Coming of Age in

the 21st Century. In: Jones, A.T. and De Vries, M.J. (Eds), International Handbook

of Research and Development in Technology Education. Rotterdam, Netherlands:

Sense Publishers, 85-92.

 

Min Hua (2019): The Roles of Sketching in Supporting Creative Design, The Design Journal,

DOI: 10.1080/14606925.2019.1655187

 

MOE (2013). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 - 2025 .

 

Mohamad Najib Abdul Ghafar (1999). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Skudai: Penerbitan

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

 

Mohamed, H., Tasir, Z., dan Aris, B. (2014). Pengaruh gaya kognitif terhadap pencapaian

pelajar, (August 2014), 11–

 

Mohd Fairuz Marian, M. B. (2011). Keberkesanan Penggunaan CD Interaktif Lukisan

Isometrik Terhadap Kemahiran Visualisasi Pelajar. Persidangan Kebangsaan

Penyelidikan dan Inovasi Dalam Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknik dan Vokasional.

 

Mohd Paris bin Saleh (2019). Jangkaan Masa Depan Terhadap Aplikasi Teknologi dalam

Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Peringkat Sekolah Menengah: Pandangan Pakar oleh

Saedah Siraj Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

 

Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, Saedah Siraj, Zaharah Hussin, Nurulrabihah Mat Noh, dan

Ahmad Arifin Sapar,(2014) Pengenalan asas kaedah fuzzy Delphi dalam reka bentuk

dan pembangunan.Selangor: Minda Intelek Agency.

 

Mok Soon Sang (2010). Pedagogi untuk pengajaran-pembelajaran,Siri nota intisari ilmu

pendidikan Siri pengajian profesional Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn. Bhd., 2010 ISBN

9675451998, 9789675451997

 

Mok Soon Sang (2011). Pengurusan bilik darjah dan tingkah laku, Siri ilmu pendidikan.

Penerbitan Multimedia, 2011 ISBN 9673741743, 9789673741748

 

Muhd Azman Azahar. (2012). Teknik lakaran membantu murid memahami tajuk sistem

penjanaan kuasa elektrik. Kajian Tindakan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Perguruan. Jabatan

Sains Sosial, IPG Kampus Pendidikan Islam

 

Musa, R., Ramli, M., Mohd Khairuddin, N., dan Abindin hazir, Z. (2019). Eksplorasi lakaran

bertema kenderaan serta kesan terhadap kreativiti kanak-kanak. KUPAS SENI:

Jurnal Seni Dan Pendidikan Seni, 7, 72-80. Retrieved from

https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JSPS/article/view/2708

 

Najib Ghafar. (2003). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Skudai: Penerbitan Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia

 

Neuman, W.N. (2000). Sosial reasearch method : Qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Boston: Allyn dan Bacon

 

Nik Aziz Nik Pa. (1999). Pendekatan Konstruktivisme Radikal dalam Pendidikan

Matematik. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

 

Noll, C.L dan Wilkins, M. (2002). Crtical skill of professionals: A model for curriculum

development, Journal of Informaton Technology Education, 1 (3): 143 – 155

 

Noor Erma Binti Abu, L. K. (2014). Hubungan Antara Sikap, Minat, Pengajaran Guru dan

Pengaruh Rakan Sebaya Terhadap Pencapaian Matematik Tambahan Tingkatan 4.

Jurnal Kurikulum dan Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 1-10.

 

Nor Aini Aziz. (2002). Keberkesanan pengajaran pendekatan konstruktivisme dalam

membina semula konsepsi pelajar tentang konsep-konsep fotosintesis dan makanan.

Tesis Ph.D., Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang.

 

Noraini Idris, (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan (2th ed.). Kuala Lumpur: Mc Graw-

Hill Education

 

Norjanah Ambo, S. N. (2019). Meneroka Kreativiti Saintifik Melalui Pembelajaran STEM

Berasaskan Projek. Jurnal Pemikir Pendidikan ,Fakulti Psikologi dan Pendidikan,

Universiti Malaysia Sabah,.

 

Norlidah Alias. (2010). Pembangunan modul pedagogi berasaskan teknologi dan gaya

pembelajaran Feldee-Silverman kurikulum fizik sekolah menengah (Tesis PHD tidak

diterbitkan). Kuala Lumpur: UM

 

Nunnally, J. C., and I. H. Bernstein. (1994). Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York:

McGraw-Hill.

 

Nunnally, J.C. (1978), Psyochometric theory (2 nd . Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York.

 

Nur Syafiqah Isa, Nurul Nazirah Mohd Imam Ma’arof (2019). Keberkesanan Penggunaan

Grafik Berkomputer Sebagai Alat Bahan Bantu Mengajar Dalam Kalangan Pelajar

Reka Bentuk Dan Teknologi,Humanika,Fakulti Teknikal Dan Vokasional, Universiti

Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Nurul Azmi Mat Nor dan Nurzatulshima Kamarudin. (2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir

Aras Tinggi (KBAT): Kesediaan Guru dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Reka

Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di Sekolah Rendah. International Research Journal of

Education and Sciences (IRJES). Vol. 1 Special Issue 1 (Malay), 2017 eISSN 2550-

2158

 

Official URL: https://fliphtml5.com/wjzdi/axim/basic/

 

Okoli, C., dan Pawlowski, S. (2004). Okoli, C., dan Pawlowski, S. (2004). The Delphi

method as a research tool. Information and Management, 42, 15–29.

 

Othman Lebar. (2018). Penyelidikan kualitatif Pendekatan kepada teori dan metod (2th ed.).

Tanjong Malim.UPSI

 

Pallant J. (2007). SPSS Survival Manual. Sydney: Ligare Book Printer.

 

Pallant,J., dan Neal, P. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods. Newbury

Park:Sage Publications.

 

Paolini, A. (2015). Enhancing Teaching Effectiveness and Student Learning Outcomes,

15(1), 20–33

 

Parkey, F.W 1993 Curriculum Planning: New Approach 6th .Ed. Allyn dan Bacon.

 

Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013 – 2025, Buletin Transformasi Pendidikan

Malaysia, Bil 5/2015

 

Penfold, J. (1988). Craft Design and Technology : Past , Present and Future. Trentham

Books, Stoke -on-Trent.

 

Piaget, J. (1970). Equilibration of cognitive structure. New York: Viking Press.

Premkumar, Gopal, Keshavamurthy Ramamurthy, and Carol S. Saunders (2005).

Information Processing View of Fit in the Context of

InterorganizationalRelationships, Journal of Management Information Systems22,

257-294.

 

Ramlah Jantan dan Mahani Razali. (2004). Psikologi Pendidikan - Pendekatan

Kontemporari. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill Education(M) Sdn. Bhd.

 

Ramli, Muhamad dan Musa, Rofidah. (2020). Ekplorasi Seni Visual Melalui Aktiviti Lakaran

Asas Terhadap Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah. 9. 35-47.

 

Ramli, M. F., dan Musa, R. (2020). Ekplorasi seni visual melalui aktiviti lakaran asas

terhadap kanak-kanak prasekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak

Kebangsaan, 9(1), 35-47. Retrieved from

https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPAK/article/view/3712.

 

Ramli. S (2016). Penghasilan Imej dalam Pembelajaran Seni Visual: Analisis Terhadap

Tahap Kreativiti Kanak-kanak Tabika Perpaduan di Daerah Kuantan,PahangPusat

Kebudayaan Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

 

Reed, S.K. (2004). Cognition Theory and Applications. New Jersey: Wadsworth/Thomson

Learning.

 

Reinsfield, E.(2020) A future-focused conception of the New Zealand curriculum: culturally

responsive approaches to technology education. Int J Technol Des Educ 30, 427–435

. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09510-y

 

Reston, V. (2000). International Technology Education Association, Standards for

Technological Literacy: Content for the Study of Technology.

 

Richey, R., dan Klein, J.D. (2007). Design and development research: Methods, strategies,

and Issues: Routledge

 

Richey, R.C., Klein, J., dan Nelson, W. (2004) Developmental research: Studies of

instructional design and development. In D. Jonassen (Ed.) Handbook of Research for

Educational Communications and Technology (2nd ed.) (pp. 1099-1130). Mahwah,

NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc

 

Ridzuan Hussin (2013). Pendekatan teori pembelajaran kognitivisme dalam pendidikan seni

visual(psv), Journal seni dan pendidikan seni . ISSN 2289-4640/Vol.1

 

Rosmawati Mamat (2019). Keperluan Kebolehan Visualisasi Spatial dalam Reka Bentuk

Pakaian. Jurnal Refleksi Kepemimpinan, [S.l.], n. JILID I, oct. 2019. ISSN2636-

9885.thttp://103.8.145.246/index.php/jrk/article/view/9436>. Date accessed: 23 july

2020.

 

Rosset, A.(1995). Need analysis Englewood Cliff, NJ: Education Technology Publications.

 

Rumelhart, D. E., dan Norman, D. A. (1978). Accretion, tuning and restructuring: Three

models of learning. Dalam Anderson, R.C., Spiro, R.J. dan Montague, W.E. (ed.).

Semantic factors in cognition. Hilldale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

 

Russell,J. (1974). Modular Instruction: A Guide to the design,selection,utilization and

evaluation of modular materials. Minneapolis,Minnesota:Burgess.

 

Rahayu Ahamad Bahtiar, (2017). The Development Of Vocational Intelligence Inventory For

Malaysian Adolescents, Tesis PHD, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia.

 

Rizki, G., & Daniamiseno, A. (2019). Pengembangan model blended learning dengan

pendekatan cooperative mata kuliah ilmu lingkungan. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi

Pendidikan, 6(1), 42-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v6i1.15560

 

S Prabawanto and E Mulyana (2017) Developing Lesson Design to Help Students' Triangle

Conseptual Understanding, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume

895, International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education (ICMScE) 24

May 2017, Bandung, Indonesia

 

Sabitha Marican. (2006). Penyelidikan Sains Sosial Pendekatan Pragmatik. Batu Caves:

Penerbit Edusystem Sdn. Bhd. Sekaran U. 2014. Research Methods for Business: A

skill–building Approach. Singapore: John Willey dan Sons.

 

Saedah S., Norlidah A., DeWitt D. dan Zaharah H. (2013). Design and Development

Research:Emergent Trends in Educational Research. Pearson. Kuala Lumpur.

 

Saedah Siraj, Norlidah Alias, Dorothy DeWitt dan Zaharah Hussin. (2013). Design and

Development Research: Emergent Trend in Educational Research. Kuala Lumpur:

Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd.

 

Sahaat, Z., dan Nasri, N. (2020). Cabaran Pelaksanaan Mata Pelajaran Reka Bentuk dan

Teknologi Sekolah Menengah. Malaysian Journal of Education (0126-6020),Special

Issue,Vol.45,p51-59.9p, p51-59.

 

Salmiza Saleh dan Anis Diyana Halim (2016) Kecenderungan Otak dan Hubungannya

dengan Pencapaian dan Motivasi Pelajar, Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 41(1)(2016):

65-70

 

Samsu Zaman @ Taufiq,N.F, Khairamin , N.A dan Md Ibrahim, L.F (2020). Penerapan

Model RESPECTFUL dalam Pembelajaran Berasaskan Permainan Digital bagi

Kursus Kaunseling Pebagai Budaya. Journal of ICT in Education,7(1), 1-

8.https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JICTIE/article/view/3582

 

Schmidt, L. C., Hernandez, N. V., dan Ruocco, A. L. (2012). Research on Encouraging

Sketching in Engineering Design. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,

Anal ysis and Manufacturing, 26, 303-315.

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890060412000169.

 

School Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (1995). Design and technology in the

National Curriculum. London: School Curriculum and Assessment Authority.

 

Seels, B.B., dan Richey, R.C. (1994). Instructional technology: The definition and domains

of the field. Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and

Technology.

 

Sekaran U. dan Bougie R. (2010). Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building

Approach. Ed. ke-5. New York: John Wiley dan Sons Ltd.

 

Serpil Özker, E. S. (2017). Important Of Sketching in The Design Process and Education.

The Online Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 7, Issue 2.

 

Shadish, W.R., Cook, T.D., dan Campbell, D.T.(2002). Experimental and quasi

Experimental designs for generalized causal inference (@th ed.). New York:

Houghton Mifflin.

 

Shahriman Zainal Abidin, M. H. (2013). Seni Reka Perindustrian: Daripada Idea kepada

Lakaran. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

 

Shahriman Zainal Abidin, Marzuki Ibrahim,(2004). Kaedah Melakar untuk Diterjemahkan

dalam Bentuk Lukisan Cadangan Seni Reka Bentuk, Laporan akhir, Institute

Penyelidikan dan Pengkomersilan Uitm, Malaysia.

 

Shamsudin, Wan Nur Khalisah and Amin Nudin, Anith Liyana and Mohd Radzuan, Lili

Eliana (2019). Buku kerja atau workbook lakaran idea pelajar / Wan Nur Khalisah

Shamsudin, Anith Liyana Amin Nudin dan Lili Eliana Mohd Radzuan. Jurnal

Inspirasi Seni Intelektual (I.S.I). pp. 64-70. ISSN 2637-0115

 

Sharifah Alwiah Alsagoff. (1981). Pengenalan pengajaran individu dengan tumpuan

khas kepada modul pengajaran dan modul pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidik dan

Pendidikan. 3(1),54 –62.

 

Sidek Mohd Noah dan Jamaluddin Ahmad (2005). Pembinaan modul: Bagaimana

membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia

 

Sidek Mohd Noah dan Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana Membina

Modul Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Sidek Mohd Noah, dan Jamaludin Ahmad. (2008). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana membina

modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: UPM

 

Sihes, A. J., Ibrahim, M. A. dan A. Wahab, Z. (2007). Pembinaan Perisian Multimedia

Berasaskan Model Konstruktivisme Kitaran Pembelajaran Sains Lima Fasa. 73

Seminar Kebangsaan JPPG 2007: Teknologi Dalam Pendidikan. 18-20 November

2007. UniversitiTun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

 

Sloman SA (1996). The empirical case for two system of reasoning. Psychol Bull 119(1): 3-

22\

 

Smith G.R., Burnam M.A., Mosley C.L., Hollenberg J.A., Mancino M. dan Grimes W. 2006.

Reliability and validity of the substance abuse outcomes module. Psychiatric Services

57: 1452-1460. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.10.1452.

 

Solso, R. L. Maclin, M. K, dan Maclin, O. H. (2005). Cognitive Psychology. Boston: Pearson

Education, Inc.

 

Sulaiman Ngah Razali. (1997). Pedagogi Teori dan Praktik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa

dan Pustaka.

 

Suwa, M. and Tversky, B.(1997), What do architects and students perceive in their design

sketches? A protocol analysis,source Design Studies 18, pp 385-403.

 

Suwa, M., Tversky, B., Gero, J. S., dan Purcell, A. T. (2001). Seeing into sketches:

Regrouping parts encourages new interpretations. In J. S. Gero, B. Tversky, dan T.

Purcell (Eds.), Visual and spatial reasoning in design II, key centre of design

computing and cognition (pp. 207–219). Sydney: University of Sydney.

 

Suyanto, S. (2017). A Reflection on the Implementation of A New Curriculum in Indonesia

: A Crucial Problem on School Readiness. In The 4th International Conference on

Research, Implementation, and Education of Mathematics and Science (Vol. 100008,

pp. 1–9). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995218.

 

Taborda, E., Chandrasegaran, S. K., Kisselburgh, L., Reid, T., dan Ramani, K. (2012).

Enhancing Visual Thinking in a Toy Design Course Using Freehand Sketching.

Volume 7: 9th International Conference on Design Education; 24th International

Conference on Design Theory and Methodology. doi:10.1115/detc2012-71454

 

Tee, T. K., Fadzil, N., Md Yunos, J., Yee, M. H., Mohamad, M. M., dan Othman, W. (2019).

Pembangunan Modul Strategi Pembelajaran Koperatif Bagi Bakal Pensyarah Kolej

Vokasional. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 4(2), 11-29. Retrieved from

https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/oj-tp/article/view/5088

 

Todd R. Kelley, Euisuk Sung, (2016). Sketching by design: teaching sketching to young

learners, Int J Technol Des Educ, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht DOI

10.1007/s10798-016-9354-3.

 

Tovey, M., Porter, S., dan Newman, R. (2003). Sketching, concept development and

automotive design. Design Studies, 24(2), 135–153. doi:10.1016/s0142-

694x(02)00035-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-694X(02)00035-2

 

Tufts, K. (2014). Custom Demo. Diambil kembali dari DNNSoftware.com:

http:www.dnnsoftware.com

 

Tversky, B. (2002). What do sketches say about thinking?. In AAAI spring symposium,

sketch understanding workshop, Stanford University, AAAI technical report SS-02-

08. 2002.

 

Tversky, B., dan Porter, S. (2002). Sketching, concept development and automotive design.

Design Studies, 24, 135–153.

 

Tversky, B., Suwa. M., Agrawala, M., Heiser, J., Stolte, C., Hanrahan, P., et al. (2003).

Sketches for design and design of sketches. In U. Lindemann (Ed.), Human behaviour

in design (pp. 79–86). Heidelberg: Springer.

 

Ullman, D. G., Wood, S., dan Craig, D. (1990). The importance of drawing in the mechanical

design process. Computer and Graphics, 14(2), 263–274.

 

Van der Lugt, R. (2005). How sketching can affect the idea generation process in design

group meetings. Design Studies, 26(2), 101–122. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2004.08.003 .

 

Volk, K., Yip, W.M. and Lo, T.K., Hong Kong(2003). Pupils’ attitudes toward technology:

The impact of Design and Technology programs. J. of Technology Educ., 15, 1, 48-

63.

 

Welch, M., Barlex, D., dan Lim, H. S. (2000). Sketching: Friend or foe to the novice

designer? International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 10, 125–148.

 

Wilson, V dan Harris,M (2004). Creating Change? A Review of the Impact of Design and

Technology in Schools in England , Journal of Technology Education Vol. 15 No. 2,

Spring.

 

Wolf, Joachim and William G. Egelhoff (2002), A Reexamination And Extension

OfInternational Strategy-Structure Theory, Strategic Management Journal 23, 181-

189.

 

Yahaya Othman, D. R. (2011). Kesan Aplikasi Perisian Cerita Interaktif Semasa

Mengajarkan Kemahiran Bacaan dan Kemahiran Dalam Kalangan Murid Tahun 4 di

Brunei Darussalam. Journal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu (MyLEj).

 

Yoon Mee, LO (2020), Inovatif Pelaksanaan Kurikulum: Satu Tinjauan Persekitaran

Pembelajaran Secara Konstruktivisme dalam Kalangan Guru Sains dan Teknologi

Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Kawasan Lembah Kelang.Jurnal Penyelidikan

Teknokrat II, [S.l.], n. JILID XXI. ISSN 2637-1065. Available at:

.

 

Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy Sets. Information and Control, 8, 338-353.

 

Zainal Abidin, Shahriman and Ibrahim, Marzuki (2004). Kaedah melakar untuk

diterjemahkan dalam bentuk lukisan cadangan seni reka perindustrian / Shahriman

Zainal Abidin dan Marzuki Ibrahim. [Research Reports] (Unpublished)

 

Zainuddin, S. H. A., dan Iksan, Z. H. (2019). Sketching Engineering Design in STEM

Classroom: A Systematic Review. Creative Education, 10, 2775-2783.

https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.1012204

 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries with this repository, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or Whatsapp +60163630263 (Office hours only)