UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi tujuan meninjau tahap pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan,
perbezaan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan mengikut jantina anak dan hubungan antara
pengetahuan dengan sikap, pengetahuan dengan amalan dan sikap dan amalan
berkaitan kebersihan diri dalam kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah mengikut
perspektif ibu bapa. Reka bentuk kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif iaitu
jenis kajian tinjauan. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada ibu bapa kanak-kanak prasekolah
di beberapa beberapa buah sekolah di daerah Klang. Pemilihan sekolah dilaksanakan
secara rawak mudah dan kesemua ibu bapa di sekolah tersebut terlibat untuk
menjawab soal selidik yang diedarkan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah borang soal
selidik yang mempunyai kesahan (CVI > 0.90) dan kebolehpercayaan(nilai pekali
alpha: 0.45-0.80) yang baik. Data dianalisis dan dihuraikan berdasarkan peratusan,
kekerapan,mod, ujian t dan ujian korelasi. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan tahap
pengetahuan (71.9%) dan sikap (96.2%) adalah tahap bagus manakala amalan
(47.7%) di tahap sederhana. Seterusnya, perbezaan pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan
mengikut jantina anak pula tidak terdapat perbezaan perspektif ibu bapa yang
signifikan (t = 0.25, p > 0.05). Skor min kanak-kanak lelaki (33.01) adalah lebih
tinggi daripada skor min kanak-kanak perempuan (32.89) namun perbezaan skor min
adalah kecil. Kemudian, hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap (r = 0.25, p |
References |
Ab Aziz Mohd Yatim. (2013). Modul pembangunan sahsiah. Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Abutabenjeh, S. & Jaradat, R. (2018). Clarification of research design, research methods, and research methodology: A guide for public administration researcher and practitioners. Teaching Public Administration, 36(3), 237-258.
Ahmadu, B. U., Rimamchika, M., Ibrahim, A., Nnanubumom, A. A., Godiya, A., & Emmanuel, P. (2013). State of personal hygiene among primary school children: A community based cohort study. Sudanese journal of paediatrics, 13(1), 38.
Akhtar, D. M. I. (2016). Research design. Available at SSRN 2862445, 68-83.
Aminah Ayob, Rohani Abdullah, Nani Menon & Jameyah Shariff. (2013). Modul pendidik/pengasuh kursus asuhan & didikan awal kanak-kanak PERMATA. Universiti Putra Malaysia: Serdang.
ALBashtawy, M. (2015). Personal hygiene in school children aged 6–12 years in Jordan. British Journal of School Nursing, 10(8), 395-398. Diperoleh daripada https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285752655_Personal_hygiene_in_s chool_children_aged_6-12_years_in_Jordan
Al-Rifaai, J. M., Al Haddad, A. M., & Qasem, J. A. (2018). Personal hygiene among college students in Kuwait: A Health promotion perspective. Journal of education and health promotion, 7.
Ang, K. H.. (2016). Pengenalan rangkakerja metodologi dalam kajian penyelidikan: Satu kajian kes. Journal home page, 1(1).
Arain, M., Campbell, M. J., Cooper, C. L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2010). What is a pilot or feasibility study? A review of current practice and editorial policy. BMC medical research methodology, 10(1), 67.
Arasinah Kamis, Ab Rahim Bakar, Ramlah Hamzah, Soaib Asmiran. (2012). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaa instrument kompetensi Rekaan Fesyen Pakaian (RFP). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 37(2), 11-19.
Aubrey, K., & Riley, A. (2019). Understanding and using educational theories. SAGE Publications Limited.
Azizi Yahya, Peter Voo, Ismail Maakip & Mohd Dahlan A. Malek. (2017). Kaedah penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.
Bano, R., AlShammari, E., Fatima, S. B., & Al-Shammari, N. A. (2013). A comparative study of knowledge, attitude, practice of nutrition and non-nutrition student towards a balanced diet in Hail University. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), 2, 29-36.
Bashir, S., & Masih, S. (2018). School health services project on personal hygiene among school children of age 12–15 in underprivileged community in Karachi. Biomedical Journal, 1, 6.
Begum, T. (2019). Parental knowledge, attitudes and practices in early childhood development among low income. Universal Journal of Public Health, 7(5), 214-226.
Bhasah Abu Bakar. (2007). Kaedah analisis data penyelidikan ilmiah. Utusan Publications.
Bisung, E., & Elliott, S. J. (2017). Psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to water and sanitation in low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Journal of water and health, 15(1), 17-30.
Bodrova, E., & Leong, D. J. (2003). Learning and development of preschool children from the Vygotskian perspective. Vygotsky’s educational theory in cultural context, 156-176.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
Cain, M. K., Zhang, Z., & Yuan, K. H. (2017). Univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis for measuring nonnormality: Prevalence, influence and estimation. Behavior Research Methods, 49(5), 1716-1735.
Chaudhari, A., Mansuri, S., Singh, A., & Talsania, N. (2015). A study on Personal Hygiene of school going and non-school going children in Ahmedabad district, Gujarat. National Journal of Community Medicine, 6(3), 437-441.
Chua, Y. P. (2006). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Shah Alam: McGraw-Hill Education.
Cohen, L & Morrison, K. (2003). Research Method in Education (6th ed). London: Routledge Palmer.
Corder, G. W., & Foreman, D. I. (2014). Nonparametric statistics: A step-by-step approach . Hoboken.
Dakhili, S., Alsuwaidi, N. O., Saeed, S., Murad, S. B., Mohammad, D., Muttappallymyalil, J., et al (2014). Oral hygiene: association between knowledge and practice among school going children in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. American Journal of Research Communication, 2(10), 39-48.
Daniel J. Mundfrom, Dale G. Shaw & Tian Lu Ke. (2005). Minimum sample size recommendations for conducting factor analyses. International Journal of Testing, 5:2, 159-168, DOI: 10.1207/s15327574ijt0502_4
Deka, P. P. (2016). A study on parental involvement in higher level of education: voices of parents and students in Pub-Kamrup College and Patidarrang College, Kamrup district. Clarion: International Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(1).
Ellyza Karim & Kamisah Osman. (2018). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan ujian kemahiran proses sains untuk murid sekolah rendah berdasarkan Model Pengukuran Rasch (Validity and reliability of science process skills test for primary school pupils based on Rasch Measurement Model). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia| Malaysian Journal of Education, 43(3), 1-9.
Elsabagh, H. M., Atlam, S. A., & Shehab, N. S. (2016) Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Personal Hygiene among Preschool Children in Tanta city, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Practice, 75, 3-75.
Farah, S., Karim, M., Akther, N., Begum, M., & Begum, N. (2015). Knowledge and practice of personal hygiene and sanitation: a study in selected slums of Dhaka city. Delta Medical College Journal, 3(2), 68-73.
Field, A. (2000). Discovering Statistics using SPSS for windows. London – Thousand Oaks – New Delhi: Sage publications.
Ghanim, M., Dash, N., Abdullah, B., Issa, H., Albarazi, R., & Al Saheli, Z. (2016). Knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among primary school students in Sharjah-UAE. Journal of Health Science, 6(5), 67-73.
Ghose, J. K., Rahman, M. M., Hassan, J., Khan, M. S. R., & Alam, M. A. (2012). Knowledge and practicing behavior related to personal hygiene among the secondary school students of Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla, Bangladesh. Microbes and Health, 1(1), 34-37.
Gordon, A. M., & Browne, K. W. (2017). Beginnings & beyond: Foundations in early childhood education. Cengage learning.
Guillemin, F., Bombardier, C., & Beaton, D. (1993). Cross-cultural adaptation of health-related quality of life measures: literature review and proposed guidelines. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 46(12), 1417-1432.
Hair, J. f., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E. & Tatham, R. L.. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: a global perspective. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education Inc.
Hamasha, A. A., Rasheed, S. J., Aldosari, M. M. & Rajion, Z. (2019). Parents knowledge and awareness of their children’s oral health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The Open Dentistry Journal, 13(1).
Hassan, O. N. A. Z., El Karmalawy, E. M. A. H., & Mohammed, A. A. R. (2019). Effect of personal hygiene program on knowledges and practices of mentally retarded students at El-Fikrya schools in Minia Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 8(3), 33-43.
Hegde, A. M., Kar, A., Lekshmi, R., & Mathew, M. (2016). Knowledge attitude and practices of oral and personal hygiene to prevent communicable diseases among students in and around the city of Mangalore. An epidemiological survey. Nitte University Journal of Health Science, 6(2), 35-39.
Hishamuddin Md. Som. (2005). Panduan mudah analisis data menggunakan SPSS windows. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Howard, G., & Bogh, C. (2002). Healthy villages: A guide for communities and community health workers. World health organization.
Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Selangor. (2019). Rumusan data 2019. Diperoleh daripada https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiNGNhZDUyNmUtYjc1Yy00OTg4 LWI3ZTEtYmMxNTU2MzU0ODljIiwidCI6ImQ3M2UwNDFkLWE2MzAt NDg5NS05NmZlLWRiMGUxZTc0Y2Y5OCIsImMiOjEwfQ%3D%3D
Jackson, S. L. (2015). Research methods and statistics: A critical thinking approach. Cengage Learning.
Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2019). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2016a). Plan strategik KKM 2016 – 2020. Bahagian Perancangan, Kementerian Kesihatan.
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2016b). National strategic plan for noncommunicable disease NSP – NCD 2016 – 2020. Putrajaya: Bahagian Kawalan Penyakit (NCD).
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2014). Kurikulum standard sekolah rendah: dokuman standard kurikulum dan pentaksiran: pendidikan kesihatan tahun enam. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Diperoleh daripada https://www.moe.gov.my/images/WargaKPM/Guru/KSSR/DSKP%20KSSR %20PENDIDIKAN%20KESIHATAN%20Tahun%206.pdf
Kervin, L., Vialle, W., Herrington, J., & Okely, T. (2016). Research for educators. Thomson. Social Science Press.
Krejcie, R.V. dan Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 30, 607-610.
Kumar, J., Kumar, S., Singh, R.K., Jiyaullah, M. & Kumar, P. (2018). Knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among senior secondary school students of a rural area: innovative study. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8(12), 28-31.
Kumar, R. (2019). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. London: Sage Publications Limited.
Kumwenda, S. (2019). Challenges to Hygiene Improvement in Developing Countries. In The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries. IntechOpen.
Lal, B. S., & Kavitha, G. (2016). Assessment of personal hygiene knowledge and practices: an empirical study of schooling children in Warangal. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(8), 1521-1524.
Le, T. C., & Cheong, F. (2010). Perceptions of risk and risk management in Vietnamese Catfish farming: An empirical study. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 14(4), 282-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/13657305.2010.526019
Memon, M. S., Shaikh, S. A., Shaikh, A. R., Fahim, M. F., Mumtaz, S. N., & Ahmed, N. (2015). An assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a suburban town of Karachi. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 31(1), 183.
Mohd Hilmi Mahmud & Kamaliah Siarap. (2013). Kempen pencegahan H1N1: Kajian tentang pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan penduduk di timur laut Pulau Pinang. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 29(1).
Mohamad Najib Abdul Ghafar. (2006). Reka bentuk tinjauan soal selidik pendidikan. Skudai, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mohd Faizal Nizam Lee Abdullah & Leow, T. W. (2017). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan instrument penilaian kendiri pembelajaran geometri tingkatan satu (Learning form one geometry: validity and reliability of a selfevaluation instrument). Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 14(1), 211-265.
Muhd Kamal, Ahmad & Muhammad Dawilah. (2014). Instrumen penilaian kemahiran generik dalam kursus pendidikan jasmani dan kesihatan (PJK): satu analisis literatur. 227-236. Diperoleh daripada http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5482/1/Syed_Muhd_Kamal_Bin_S.A.Bakar(Full _Paper).pdf
Mukherji, P., & Albon, D. (2018). Research methods in early childhood: An introductory guide. Sage.
Mutepfa, M. M., & Tapera, R. (2019). Traditional Survey and Questionnaire Platforms. Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 541- 558.
Noorsyarzielah Saleh. (2013). Kesedaran terhadap amalan pemakanan seimbang dalam kalangan pelajar Politeknik Merlimau, Melaka: satu tinjauan. (Disertasi Kedoktoran) Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.Diperoleh daripada http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5351/1/NOORSYARZIELAH_BINTI_SALEH.p df
Noor Ul Hadi, Naziruddin Abdullah & Ilham Sentosa. (2016). An easy approach to exploratory factor analysis: Marketing perspective. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 6(1), 215.
Nor Kalsum Mohd Isa. (2016). Pengetahuan, sikap dan tingkah laku pelajar UPSI terhadap prinsip-prinsip kampus lestari. Perspektif: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 8(1), 29-41.
Nurul A Mohamed, Nur N Zulkifli Amin, Shalinawati Ramli, Ilina Isahak & Nooriah Mohamed Salleh. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of hand hygiene among parents of preschool children. Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research, 5(1), 1-6.
Nur Syahira Abd Latif, Azizan Abdullah & Nawawi Mohd Jan. (2016). A pilot study of entrepreneurial orientation towards commercialization of university research products. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 93-99.
Ong, S. C., Zamri Mahamod, & Hamidah Yamat. (2013). Faktor jantina, kaum, aliran kelas dan hubungannya dengan kecerdasan emosi murid dalam mempelajari Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 3(1), 12-23.
Oyibo, P. G. (2012). Basic personal hygiene: knowledge and practices among school children aged 6-14 years in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Tropical Medicine, 6(1), 5.
Parveen, F., Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Hussain & Amir Gilani. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and practice towards personal hygiene among primary:school children of rural area of Lahore, Pakistan. Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care, (1)3, 91-97.
Pirchio, S., Tritrini, C., Passiatore, Y., & Taeschner, T. (2013). The role of the relationship between parents and educators for child behaviour and wellbeing. International Journal about Parents in Education, 7(2), 145-155.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The Content Validity Index: Are You Sure You Know What’s Being Reported? Critique and Recommendations. Research in Nursing and Health, 29, 489-497.
Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. (2017). Kamus Bahasa Melayu. Diperoleh daripada http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=ibu+bapa
Ranasinghe, S., Ramesh, S., & Jacobsen, K. H. (2016). Hygiene and mental health among middle school students in India and 11 other countries. Journal of infection and Public Health, 9(4), 429-435.
Rajbhandari, A. K., Dhaubanjar, R., GC, K. B., & Dahal, M. (2018). Knowledge and practice of personal hygiene among secondary school students of grade nine and ten. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, 5(2), 107-113.
Rasool Hassan BA. (2012). Importance of personal hygiene. Pharmaceut Anal Acta, 3(8). doi: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000e126.
Rav-Marathe, K., Wan, T. H., & Marathe, S. (2016). A systematic review on the KAPO framework for diabetes education and research. Med. Res. Arch, 4, 1-22.
Sachdeva, S., Taneja, N., & Dwivedi, N. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and practices studies conducted amongst medical students of India. Int J Community Med Public Health, 5, 3913-8.
Salas-Zapata, W. A., Ríos-Osorio, L. A., & Cardona-Arias, J. A. (2018). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Sustainability: Systematic Review 1990– 2016. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 20(1), 46-63.
Santos, R. D. O., Gorgulho, B. M., Castro, M. A. D., Fisberg, R. M., Marchioni, D. M., & Baltar, V. T. (2019). Principal component analysis and factor analysis: Differences and similarities in nutritional epidemiology application. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 22, e190041.
Salina Mokhtar & Rahimi Che Aman. (2017). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen kesejahteraan psikologi versi Bahasa Melayu. Diperoleh daripada https://seminarserantau2017.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/4-salina-mokhtarrahimi- che-aman.pdf
Sarkar, M. (2013). Personal hygiene among primary school children living in a slum of Kolkata, India. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 54(3), 153- 158.
Sehrawat P., Shivlingesh K. K., Gupta B., Anand R., Sharma A. & Chaudhry M.. (2016). Oral health knowledge, awareness and associated practices of pre-school children's mothers in Greater Noida, India. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 23(3):152-157.
Sihra, J., Meena, G., Meena, N., Naroliya, D., Saini, L., Kaur, M., et al. (2018). Assessment of knowledge and practices regarding personal hygiene among students of government schools of Jaipur city: A cross-sectional survey. International Multispecialty Journal of Health (IMJH), 4(4), 125-130.
Siltrakool, B. (2017). Assessment of community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding non-prescription antimicrobial use and resistance in Thailand. Diperoleh daripada https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322675323_Assessment_of_Comm unity_Pharmacists'_Knowledge_Attitude_and_Practice_Regarding_Non- Prescription_Antimicrobial_Use_and_Resistance_in_Thailand
Siti Ruhani Mohd Yusoff, Zarina Md Nor & Bahiyah Omar. (2018). Modelling the role of financial knowledge, attitude and practices in economic empowerment of single mothers. International Journal for Studies on Children, Women, Elderly and Disabled,(3), 54-60.
Smith, M. B. (2019). March's advanced organic chemistry: reactions, mechanisms, and structure. John Wiley & Sons.
Stephens, K. (2007). Parents are powerful role models for children. Parenting exchange. DIperoleh daripada https://www.easternflorida.edu/communityresources/ child-development-centers/parent-resourcelibrary/ documents/parents-powerful-role-models.pdf
Sulaiman Masri. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan dan panduan penulisan: esei, proposal, tesis. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications.
Taber, K. S. (2018). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273-1296.
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Validity and reliability of the research instrument; how to test the validation of a questionnaire/survey in a research.
Ten Hove, D., Jorgensen, T. D., & van der Ark, L. A. (2017). On the usefulness of interrater reliability coefficients. In The Annual Meeting of the Psychometric Society (pp. 67-75). Springer, Cham.
Undang-undang Malaysia. (2012). Akta Pendidikan 1996 (Akta 550). Malaysia: Pesuruhjaya Penyemak Undang-undang. Dicapai daripada http://www.agc.gov.my/agcportal/uploads/files/Publications/LOM/MY/Akta %20550(1).pdf
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (2011). Water, sanitation and hygiene for school children in emergencies: A guidebook for teachers. Diperoleh daripada https://www.unicef.org/disabilities/files/WASH_in__Schools_in_Emergenci es_Guidebook_for_teachers_.pdf
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). (2016). School-based healthy living and hiv/aids prevention education for middle and high schools (teachers’ guide): personal hygiene: fifth standard (501). Diperoleh daripada https://www.unicef.org/lifeskills/files/5thGrade.pdf
Vimalrajkumar, N., Mathialagan, P., & Sabarathanam, V. E. (2016). Developing a Guttman scale for measuring the degree of empowerment of rural women.
Wan Muhamad Amir, Ruhaya Hasan & Nor Affendy Nor Azmi. (2017). Analisis data menggunakan borang soal selidik. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Malaysia.
Wang, R., Yang, Y., Chen, R., Kan, H., Wu, J., Wang, et al (2015). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the relationship between air pollution and children’s respiratory health in Shanghai, China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(2), 1834-1848.
Water Aid. 2012. Hygiene framework. London: UK. Diperoleh daripada https://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/WATERAI D%202012%20Hygiene%20framework.pdf
Whitehead, A. L., Julious, S. A., Cooper, C. L., & Campbell, M. J. (2016). Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable. Statistical methods in medical research, 25(3), 1057-1073.
Yuslina Mohamed, Bhasah Abu Bakar, Fariza Puteh Behak dan Ramiaida Darmi. (2018). Asas metodologi penyelidikan praktikal. Penerbit USIM, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia.
Zailinawati Abu Hassan., Schattner, P., & Mazza, D. (2006). Doing a pilot study: why is it essential?. Malaysian family physician: the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 1(2-3), 70.
Zikmund,W.G. (2006). Business Research Method (8th ed). Stamford, connecticut: The Thomson Corporation.
Zulkarnain Lubis & Abdullah Osman. (2015). Statistik dalam penyelidikan sains sosial: aplikasi dan falsafah. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Perlis.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |