UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :HF Commerce
Main Author :Mohamad Suwardi Mohamad Yusof
Title :Human resource management practices towards organizational performance for academicians in Malaysia public universities
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Pengurusan dan Ekonomi
Year of Publication :2021
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
This aimed of this study is to examine the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on organizational performance (OP) in 20 Malaysian public universities. HRM practices such as recruitment and selection (RS), training and development (TD), reward and recognition (RR), as well as work environment (AE) are said to be factors in improving the performance capabilities of academicians. The OP evaluation was evaluated in this study based on a strategic planning and management system methodology known as the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) which consists of four perspectives namely financial, customers, internal processes and learning and growth. A quantitative survey study was conducted on 383 academicians selected from 20 Malaysian public universities based on proportional stratified random sampling technique. Questionnaires using 6 point Likert scale were distributed using official emails of academicians. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed using SPSS v.22. In conclusion, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that the tested independent variables could explain 69.7% of the variance against OP. This proves that the four factors of HRM practice in this study can help to improve OP in Malaysian public universities. While the AE factor has shown the strongest positive correlation with a significant level of 0.804. A measurement tool based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify faculties that implement HRM practices with excellence has been developed known as the Human Resource Management Option System tool (HRMOSt). This tool was validated by five UPSI faculty officers in determining the suitability of the OP. It is hoped that this study can help faculties / universities in the implementing of HRM practices so that Malaysian public universities becomes more efficient and effective in improving academician performance. The selection of HRM practice activities that provide the best impact will definitely become a benchmark to other Malaysian educational institutions.

References

Abdelhamied, H. H. S. (2019). The Impact of Training Activities on Quality of Service,

Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intention. Journal of Tourism and

Hospitality Management, 7(1), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.15640/jthm.v7n1a14

 

Aboajela, S. M. (2015). The Influence of Organisational Culture on Performance

Measurement Systems in Libyan Higher Education. University of Huddersfield.

 

Acar, A. Z., & Acar, P. (2014). Organizational Culture Types and Their Effects on

Organizational Performance in Turkish Hospitals. EMAJ: Emerging Markets

Journal, 3(3), 18–31. https://doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2014.47

 

Adesina, J. B., Nwidobie, B. M., & Adesina, O. O. (2015). Capital Structure and

Financial Performance in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Social

Research, 5(2), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v5i2.710

 

Adom, D., Hussein, E. K., & Agyem, J. A. (2018). Theoretical and conceptual

framework: mandatory ingredients of a quality research. International Journal of

Scientific Research, 7(1), 438–441. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322204158

 

Agarwal, R. N. (2014). Impact of Performance Appraisal and Working Environment

on the Job Satisfaction and Attrition Problem in the Indian IT Industry. Paradigm,

18, 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971890714540367

 

Agharuwhe, A. A. (2014). Assessment of instructional and administrative strategies

applied by principals to improve academic performance. International Journal of

Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 6(7), 114–118.

https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEAPS2013.0332

 

Agwu, M. O. (2013). Impact of Fair Reward System on Employees Job Performance in

Nigerian Agip Oil Company Limited Port-Harcourt. British Journal of Education,

Society & Behavioural Science, 3(1), 47–64.

https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2013/2529

 

Ahmad, A. R., & Kim Soon, N. (2015). Balanced Scorecard in higher education

institutions: what should be consider? International Synposium on Technology

Management and Emerging Technologies, 89–93.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTMET.2015.7359002

 

Ahmad Budiman, H. (2013). Organizational Structure Characteristics and Employee

Job Satisfaction in the Merged-Bank : the Case of Cimb Bank Berhad. Universiti

Utara Malaysia.

 

Akhtar, N., Azeem, S. M., & Mir, G. M. (2014). Impact of HRM practices on

organizational performance. International Journal of Academic Research, 6(5),

23–30. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-5/B.3

 

Al-Hosaini, F. F., & Sofian, S. (2015). A Review of Balanced Scorecard Framework in

Higher Education Institution (HEIs) Fahmi. International Review of Management

and Marketing, 5(1), 26–35.

 

Al-Nuseirat, A., & Biygautane, M. (2014). The Impact of Effective Training on

Organizational Performance in Dubai’s Public Sector. Mohammed Bin Rashed

School of Government Policy Brief, (37). Retrieved from

http://www.mbrsg.ae/getattachment/7ff1732f-316c-4a9e-824cb2fa4bb8e185/

The-Impact-of-Effective-Training-on-Organizational

 

Al-Qudah, H. M. A., Osman, A., & Al-Qudah, H. M. (2014). The Effect Of Human

Resources Management Practices On Employee Performance. International

Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 3(9), 129–134.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.178

 

Al-Zwyalif, I. M. (2012). The Possibility of Implementing Balanced Scorecard in

Jordanian Private Universities. International Business Research, 5(11), 113–120.

https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n11p113

 

Alamelu, R., Badrinath, V., & Vivekapriyaa, P. (2014). Performance Management

System ( PMS ) - A HR Strategy in Banks. Advances in Management, 7(4), 2014.

 

Alfes, K., Shantz, A. D., Truss, C., & Soane, E. C. (2013). The link between perceived

human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: A

moderated mediation model. International Journal of Human Resource

Management, 24(2), 330–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.679950

 

Ali Abdulridha Jabbar. (2015). the Relationship Between Service Climate and

Organizational Performance In Malaysian Higher Education Institutions.

Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Alkhazali, Z., Aldabbagh, I., & Abu-Rumman, A. (2019). TQM potential moderating

role to the relationship between hrm practices, Km strategies and organizational

performance: The case of Jordanian banks. Academy of Strategic Management

Journal, 18(3).

 

Allui, A., & Sahni, J. (2016). Strategic Human Resource Management in Higher

Education Institutions: Empirical Evidence from Saudi. Procedia - Social and

Behavioral Sciences, 235(October), 361–371.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.044

 

Almatrooshi, B., Singh, S. K., & Farouk, S. (2016). Determinants of organizational

performance: a proposed framework. International Journal of Productivity and

Performance Management, 65(6), 844–859.

 

Almomani, A. A. A. (2016). the Effect of Human Resources Practice on Job

Satisfaction Among the Academics Staffs of Yarmok University in Jordan.

 

Almutawa, Z., Muenjohn, N., & Hang, J. (2016). The effect of human resource

management system on employees ’ commitment : the mediating role of the AMO

model the effect of human resource management system on employees ’

commitment : The mediating role of the AMO model. The Journal of Developing

Areas, (May), 17.

 

Alshalhoub, M. M. (2016). An investigation of the readiness of implementing the

learning and growth perspective of the Balanced Scorecard within the Saudi

Arabian public sector performance management system. University of Portsmouth.

 

Amin, M., Ismail, W. K. W., Rasid, S. Z. A., & Selemani, R. D. A. (2014). The impact

of human resource management practices on performance. The TQM Journal,

26(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-10-2011-0062

 

Amoatemaa, A. S., & Kyeremeh, D. D. (2016). Making Employee Recognition a Tool

for Achieving Improved Performance: Implication for Ghanaian Universities.

Journal of Education and Practice, 7(34), 46–52. Retrieved from

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1126683

 

Ángel Calderón Molina, M., Manuel Hurtado González, J., Palacios Florencio, B., &

Luis Galán González, J. (2014). Does the balanced scorecard adoption enhance

the levels of organizational climate, employees’ commitment, job satisfaction and

job dedication? Management Decision, 52(5), 983–1010.

https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2013-0351

 

Anitha, J. (2015). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee

performance. Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308–

323. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008

 

Anthony, C. E., & Bueno, D. Del. (1993). A performance-based development system.

Nursing Management, 24(6), 32–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi

 

Appelbaum, E., Bailey, T., Berg, P., & Kalleberg, A. L. (2000). Manufacturing

Advantage: Why High-Performance Work Systems Pay Off. Administrative

Science Quarterly, 46(4), 781. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094834

 

Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management

Practice. (M. Armstrong, Ed.) (11th ed.). Replika Press Pvt Ltd.

 

Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2014). Handbook of human resource management in

government (13th Editi). United Kingdom: Kogan Page Limited.

https://doi.org/10.1177/030913258901300105

 

Arokiasamy, A. R. A. (2011). An Analysis of Globalization and Higher Education in

Malaysia. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(2), 73–

81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-008-9068-5

 

Arsad, R. M. (2011). Human Resource Management Practices and Organisational

Performance: a Study on Administrators in Universiti Teknologi Mara.

 

Atafar, A., Ameri Shahrabi, M., & Esfahani, M. J. (2013). Evaluation of university

performance using BSC and ANP. Decision Science Letters, 2(4), 305–311.

https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2013.06.004

 

Aytekin, A. (2018). Academic Staff Performance Evaluation By Ahp ( Analytic

Hierarchy Process ) and Software Package Preparation. International Journal of

Advanced Engineering and Management Research, Vol. 2(4).

 

Azeiteiro, U., & Davim, J. P. (2020). Higher Education and Sustainability:

Opportunities and Challenges for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. (U.

Azeiteiro & J. P. Davim, Eds.) (1st ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.

 

Azman, N., Pang, V., Sirat, M., & Yunus, A. S. M. (2014). Teaching and Research in

Malaysian Public Universities: Synergistic or Antagonistic? Teaching and

Research in Contemporary Higher Education, 1–410.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6830-7

 

Azzam, A., & Jaradat, S. (2014). Impact of HR Recruitment Process on Jordanian

Universities Effectiveness. (An Empirical Study on Jordanian Universities).

Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 2(1), 16–29.

 

Babakus, E., & Mangold, W. G. (1992). Adapting the SERVQUAL Scale to Hospital

Services: An Empirical Investigation. Health Services Research, 26(6), 767–786.

https://doi.org/January 17,1991

 

Bacal, R. (1998). A Critical Look At Performance Management Systems Why Don’t

They Work? Bacal & Associates.

 

Baharuddin, P. D. D. S. A. (2010, April 1). Sumbangan akademia penting kepada

masyarakat. Utusan Online.

 

Bahurmoz, A. M. (2014). Integrating the AHP Methodology into the Procedures of

Decision Making in Governmental Agencies. International Journal of the Analytic

Hierarchy Process, 1–6.

 

Bakar, S. A. (2015). Kajian kes di syarikat Philip Morris Malaysia (PMI) berkaitan

amalan pengurusan sumber manusia dengan komitmen organisasi.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Bakotic, D., & Fiskovica, C. (2013). Relationship between Working Conditions and

Job Satisfaction : The Case of Croatian Shipbuilding Company. International

Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(2), 206–213.

 

Balhuwaisl, M. A. S. (2013). An Integration of Rank Order Centroid, Modified

Analytical Hierarchy Process and 0-1 Integer Programming in Solving A Facility

Location Problem. Universiti Utara Malaysia. Retrieved from

http://etd.uum.edu.my/3862/

 

Ball, H. L. (2019). Conducting Online Surveys. Journal of Human Lactation, 35(3),

413–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334419848734

 

Baqir, M., Campus, M., Hussain, S., Waseem, R., & Islam, K. M. A. (2020). Impact of

Reward and Recognition, Supervisor Support on Employee Engagement.

American International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 2(3), 8–21.

https://doi.org/10.46545/aijbms.v2i3.256

 

Baraldi, S., & Cifalinò, A. (2015). Delivering training strategies: The balanced

scorecard at work. International Journal of Training and Development, 19(3),

179–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12055

 

Barney, J. B., & Wright, P. M. (1998). On becoming a strategic partner: The role of

human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human Resource

Management, 37(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-

050X(199821)37:1<31::AID-HRM4>3.0.CO;2-W

 

Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational research:

Determining appropriate sample size in survey research. Information Technology,

Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43–50.

https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2009.2020494

 

Batista-Taran, L., Shuck, M., Gutierrez, C., & Baralt, S. (2013). The Role of Leadership

Style in Employee Engagement. University of Hawai’i-Manoa. Retrieved from

http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1143&context=sferc

 

Beatty, P. C., Collins, D., Kaye, L., Padilla, J.-L., Willis, G. B., & Wilmot, A. (2020).

Advances in Questionnaire Design, Development, Evaluation, and Testing (First).

John Wiley & Sons Inc.

 

Becker, B., & Gerhart, B. (1996). The Impact of Human Resource Management on

Organizational Performance: Progress and Prospects. Academy of Management

Journal, 39(4), 779–801. https://doi.org/10.5465/256712

 

Beglar, D., & Nemoto, T. (2014). Developing Likert-scale questionnaires. In JALT2013

Conference Proceedings (pp. 1–8).

 

Bello-Pintado, A., & Garcés-Galdeano, L. (2019). Bundles of HRM practices in family

and non-family firms: the impact on enhancing performance. International

Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(21), 2971–2992.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1391311

 

Bello, S., Ibi, M. B., & Bukar, I. B. (2016). Principals’ Administrative Styles and

Students’ Academic Performance in Taraba State Secondary Schools, Nigeria.

Journal of Education and Practice, 7(18), 62–69.

 

Bentes, A. V., Carneiro, J., da Silva, J. F., & Kimura, H. (2012). Multidimensional

assessment of organizational performance: Integrating BSC and AHP. Journal of

Business Research, 65(12), 1790–1799.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.039

 

Bernama. (2017). Program Transformasi Negara berjaya pacu ekonomi negara, dan

bela rakyat.

 

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social science research: Principles, methods, and practices

(2nd editio). Creative Commons Attribution. Retrieved from

http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1002&context=oa_te

xtbooks

 

Bikse, V., & Libkovska, U. (2013). Using AHP for the Evaluation of the Development

of Career Education in Latvia 2 . Career education in Latvia. International Journal

of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 3001.

 

Binden, W., Mziu, H., & Suhaimi, A. (2014). Employing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC)

to Measure Performance in Higher Education – Malaysia. International Journal

of Information and Communication Technology Research, 4(1), 38–44. Retrieved

from http://www.esjournals.org

 

Bišcak, M., & Bencina, J. (2019). The Impact of HRM Practices on the Performance of

Municipalities. The Case of Slovenia. Transylvanian Review of Administrative

Sciences, 58(1), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.58E.1

 

Bititci, U., Garengo, P., D¨orfler, V., & Nudurupati, S. (2012). Performance

measurement: challenges for tomorrow. Inter- National Journal of Management

Reviews, (14), 305–327.

 

Boadu, F., Dwomo-Fokuo, E., Boakye, K. J., & Owusu-Kwaning, C. (2014). Training

and Development : a Tool for Employee Performance in the District Assemblies

in Ghana. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(5), 513–522.

 

Bos-Nehles, A. C., Van Riemsdijk, M. J., & Kees Looise, J. (2013). Employee

perceptions of line management performance: Applying the AMO theory to

explain the effectiveness of line managers’ HRM implementation. Human

Resource Management, 52(6), 861–877. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21578

 

Boselie, P., Dietz, G., & Boon, C. (2005). Commonalities and contradictions in HRM

and performance research. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67–94.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2005.tb00154.x

 

Brauer, D. B. (2014). Using AHP as a Diagnostic Tool to Reveal an Audiences

Authentic Needs and Develop a Strategy , to Achieve Competitive Advantages .

Literature Review. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 1–5.

 

Byremo, C. (2015). Human Resource Management and Organisational Performance:

Does HRM lead to improved organisational performance? University Of Oslo.

Retrieved from https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/49030/Cathrine-

Byremo-2015---HRM-and-Organisational-Performance--Does-HRM-lead-toimproved-

organisational-performance-.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

 

C.R.Kothari. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. (C.R.Kothari,

Ed.) (2nd ed.). New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd. Retrieved from

http://www.ghbook.ir/index.php?name= ??? ????? ? ?????

???? &option=com_dbook&task=readonline&book_id=13650&page=73&chkhas

hk=ED9C9491B4&Itemid=218&lang=fa&tmpl=component

 

Cadez, S., Dimovski, V., & Zaman Groff, M. (2017). Research, teaching and

performance evaluation in academia: the salience of quality. Studies in Higher

Education, 42(8), 1455–1473. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1104659

 

Cai-feng, W. (2010). An Empirical Study of the Performance of University Teachers

Based on Organizational Commitment , Job Stress , Mental Health and

Achievement Motivation. Canadian Sosial Science, 6(4), 127–140.

 

Chalaris, I., Chalaris, M., & Gritzalis, S. (2014). A holistic approach for quality

assurance and advanced decision making for academic institutions using the

balanced scorecard technique. Proceedings of the 18th Panhellenic Conference on

Informatics - PCI ’14, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/2645791.2645820

 

Chan, S. J. (2013). Internationalising higher education sectors: Explaining the

approaches in four Asian countries. Journal of Higher Education Policy and

Management, 35(3), 316–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2013.786854

 

Chandra, T., & Priyono, P. (2015). The Influence of Leadership Styles, Work

Environment and Job Satisfaction of Employee Performance—Studies in the

School of SMPN 10 Surabaya. International Education Studies, 9(1), 131.

https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v9n1p131

 

Chandrasekar, K. (2011). Workplace Environment and Its Impact on Organisational

Performance in Public Sector. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and

Business Systems, 1(1), 1–19.

 

Chang, L. (1994). A Psychometric Evaluation of 4-Point and 6-Point Likert-Type

Scales in Relation to Reliability and Validity. Applied Psychological Measurement,

18(3), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662169401800302

 

Chaudhry, N. I., Jariko, M. A., Mushtaque, T., Mahesar, H. A., & Ghani, Z. (2017).

Impact of Working Environment and Training & Development on Organization

Performance Through Mediating Role of Employee Engagement and Job

Satisfaction. European Journal of Training and Development Studies, 44(22), 33–

48.

 

Cherniss, C. (2010). Emotional Intelligence: Toward Clarification of a Concept.

Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3, 110–126.

 

Cho, J., & Dansereau, F. (2010). Are transformational leaders fair? A multi-level study

of transformational leadership, justice perceptions, and organizational citizenship

behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 21(3), 409–421.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.03.006

 

Clardy, A. (2013). A performance-based development system. International Society for

Performance Improvement, 52(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi

 

Conelly, L. M. (2008). Pilot Studies. Medsurg Nursing.

 

Connelly, L. M. (2008). Research Roundtable: Pilot studies. Medsurg Nursing, 17(6),

411–412. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.10962

 

Cosh, a., Cosh, a., Hughes, a., Hughes, a., Bullock, a., Bullock, a., … Potton, M.

(2003). The relationship between training and business performance. Education,

95.

 

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative,

and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications, Inc (Vol. 53).

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Crowley-Henry, M. (2013). Employee Resourcing:The Planning And Recruitment

Phase. In In: Human Resource Management. An Introduction (pp. 19–39).

Palgrave Macmillan.

 

Cunningham, J. B., & Kempling, J. (2011). Promoting Organizational Fit in Strategic

HRM: Applying the HR Scorecard in Public Service Organizations. Public

Personnel Management, 40(3), 193–213.

https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601104000302

 

Darlene Merry. (2014). The Changing Role of Human Resources in Urban Schools:

erceptions of Human Resources Leaders in the Recruitment and Retention of

Quality Teachers and Principals. University of Maryland.

 

Daryush, F., Mehran, N., & Heydar, M. (2008). Balanced Scorecard in Universities and

Higher Education Institutes : Implementation Guide in an Iranian Context. Annals

of University of Bucharest, Economic and Administrative Series, 2(2), 31–45.

 

Dastmalchian, A., Bacon, N., McNeil, N., Steinke, C., Blyton, P., Kumar, M. S., …

Varnali, R. N. (2018). High-performance work systems and organizational

performance across societal cultures. 78th Annual Meeting of the Academy of

Management, AOM 2018, (March 2018).

https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2018.161

 

Dawes, J. (2008). Do Data Characteristics Change According to the Number of Scale

Points Used? An Experiment Using 5-Point, 7-Point and 10-Point Scales.

International Journal of Market Research, 50(1), 61–104.

https://doi.org/10.1177/147078530805000106

 

Dawson, Y. (2016). The institutionalisation of private sector performance

measurement in an Australian not-for- profit organisation. Southern Cross

University.

 

de Andrade Guerra, J. B. S. O., Garcia, J., de Andrade Lima, M., Barbosa, S. B., Heerdt,

M. L., & Berchin, I. I. (2018). A proposal of a Balanced Scorecard for an

environmental education program at universities. Journal of Cleaner Production,

172, 1674–1690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.179

 

Decramer, A., Smolders, C., & Vanderstraeten, A. (2012). The International Journal of

Human Employee performance management culture and system features in higher

education : relationship with employee performance management satisfaction. The

International Journal of Human Resource Management, (April 2014), 37–41.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.680602

 

Dekrita, Y. A., Yunus, R., Citta, A. B., & Yamin, M. (2019). Integration of Balanced

Scorecard and Analytical Hierarchy Process as a Tool for Determining the Priority

of the Program Strategy: Case Study in Dr.Tc.Hillers Maumere Hospital.

Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research (AEBMR),

92(Icame 2018), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.2991/icame-18.2019.8

 

Delaney, J. T. (2015). the Impact of Human Resource Management.

 

Demortier, A., Delobbe, N., & Akremi, A. El. (2017). Opening The Black Box Of Hr

Practices – Performance Relationship: Testing A Three Pathways AMO Model.

Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 2014(1), 6.

 

Deni, A. R. M., Zainal, Z. I., & Malakolunthu, S. (2014). Improving teaching in higher

education in Malaysia: Issues and challenges. Journal of Further and Higher

Education, 38(5), 656–673. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2013.831037

 

Dermol, V., & Cater, T. (2013). The influence of training and training transfer factors

on organisational learning and. Personnel Review, 42(3), 324–348.

https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481311320435

 

Dessler, G. (2012). Human Resource Management (13th Edition) (13th ed). Pearson

Education,Inc.

 

Dobre, O. (2013). Employee motivation and organizational performance. Review of

Applied Socio-Economic Research, 5(1), 53–60.

 

E. T. Wan Na. (2013). Pengaruh iklim organisasi ke atas prestasi kerja guru di Kolej

Vokesional. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Retrieved from

http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/5379/1/Wan_Na_Eh_Tem.pdf

 

Edirisooriya, W. A. (2014). Impact of Rewards on Employee Performance : With

Special Reference to ElectriCo . International Conference on Management and

Economics, (February), 311–318.

 

Education, M. of. (2015). Executive Summary Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-

2025 (Higher Education). Ministry of Education Malaysia.

https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijis.20120206.05

 

Ekankumo, B., Kemebaradikumo, N., Braye, K., Island, O. B., State, B., & Island, O.

B. (2011). Human Resources Management Skills Required of Tertiary Institution

Administrators in the Niger Delta States of Nigeria. Current Research Journal of

Social Sciences, 3(6), 432–444.

 

Ekowoabo, J. O., Ikeije, U. U., & Ufoma, N. (2015). The Impact of recruitment and

Selection Criteria on Organizational Performance. Journal of Chemical

Information and Modeling, 3(2), 22–33.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Elbaz, A. M., Agag, G. M., & Alkathiri, N. A. (2018). How ability, motivation and

opportunity influence travel agents performance: the moderating role of absorptive

capacity. Journal of Knowledge Management, 22(1), 119–141.

https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-07-2017-0308

 

Eliuz, S. (2016). Predictors of an Effective Performance Measurement System :

Evidence from Municipal Governments in Turkey Predictors of an Effective

Performance Measurement System : Evidence from Municipal Governments in

Turkey. International Journal of Public Administration. University of Central

Florida. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1113547

 

Elnaga, A., & Imran, A. (2013). The Effect of Training on Employee Performance.

European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 2222–2839.

https://doi.org/10.2991/gecss-14.2014.90

 

Engetou, E. (2017). The Impact Of Training and Development on Organizational

Performance . Case study : National Financial Credit Bank Kumba. Centria

University of Applied Sciences.

 

Ezeani, N. S., & Oladele, R. (2013). Implications of Traning and Development

Programmes on Accountants Productivity in Selected Business Organizations in

Onitsha , Anambra State , Nigeria Ezeani Nneka Salome Oladele Rotimi

Background of the Study. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(1),

266–281.

 

Fahmi, A., Derakhshan, A., & Kahraman, C. (2015). Human resources management

using interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. IEEE

International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2015-Novem.

https://doi.org/10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2015.7338094

 

Fakhri, G. M. Y. (2010). The Analysis of the Factors Affecting Performance

Measurement in Libyan Banking Industry : a Contingency Approach. Liverpool

John Moores University.

 

Farid, D., Nejati, M., & Mirfakhredini, H. (2008). Balanced scorecard application in

universities and higher education institutes: Implementation guide in an iranian

contex. Economic and Administrative Series, 2(2), 31–45.

 

Fatile, M. (2017). Relationship between Balanced Scorecard and Professors ’ Job

Characteristics at Ekiti State University , Nigeria. Grand Canyon University.

 

Felício, J. A., Couto, E., & Caiado, J. (2014). Human capital, social capital and

organizational performance. Management Decision, 52(2), 350–364.

https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2013-0260

 

Ferguson, K. L., & Reio, T. G. (2010). Human resource management systems and firm

performance. Journal of Management Development, 29(5), 471–494.

https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711011039231

 

Fiaz, M., Su, Q., Ikram, A., & Saqib, A. (2017). Leadership Styles and Employees’

Motivation: Perspective From an Emerging Economy. Journal of Developing

Areas, 51(4), 143–156. Retrieved from

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=123825695&s

ite=ehost-live

 

Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (3rd editio). SAGE Publications

Ltd.

 

Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. (S. Turpie & N.

Smith, Eds.), SAGE Publications Ltd (5th Editio). British Library Cataloguing in.

 

Frederick J Gravetter, & Wallnau, L. B. (2013). Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences.

(T. Matray, T. Williams, & L. Sarkisian, Eds.) (9th Editio). Belmont: Jon-David

Hague. Retrieved from http://www.ghbook.ir/index.php?name

 

Gabcanová, I. I. (2012). Balanced Scorecard as a tool for human resources

management in financial organizations. Tomas Bata University.

 

Gardner, T. M., Moynihan, L. M., & Wright, P. M. (2001). Beginning to Unlock the

Black Box in the HR Firm Performance Relationship: The Impact of HR Practices

on Employee Attitudes and Employee Outcomes.

 

Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide

for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism,

10(2), 486–489. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3505

 

Giauque, D., Anderfuhren-Biget, S., & Varone, F. (2013). HRM practices, intrinsic

motivators, and organizational performance in the public sector. Public Personnel

Management, 42(2), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026013487121

 

Godard, J. (2001). High Performance and the Transformation of Work-The

Implications of Alternative Work Practices for the Experience and Outcomes of

Work. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 54(4), 776–805.

https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390105400402

 

Grant, C., & Osanloo, A. (2014a). Understanding, Selecting, and Integrating a

Theoretical Framework in Dissertation Research: Creating the Blueprint for Your

“House.” Administrative Issues Journal Education Practice and Research,

(January). https://doi.org/10.5929/2014.4.2.9

 

Grant, C., & Osanloo, A. (2014b). Understanding, Selecting, and Integrating a

Theoretical Framework in Dissertation Research: Creating the Blueprint for Your

“House.” Administrative Issues Journal Education Practice and Research, 4(2),

12–26. https://doi.org/10.5929/2014.4.2.9

 

Grapragasem, S., Krishnan, A., & Mansor, A. N. (2014). Current Trends in Malaysian

Higher Education and the Effect on Education Policy and Practice: An Overview.

International Journal of Higher Education, 3(1), 85–93.

https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v3n1p85

 

Guest, D. E. (1997). Human resource management and performance: A review and

research agenda. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(3),

263–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/095851997341630

 

Habidin, N. F. (2012). Structural Analysis and Tool for Lean Six Sigma, Strategic

Control Systems and Organizational Performance. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

 

Habidin, N. F., Salleh, M. I., Md Latip, N. A., Azman, M. N. A., & Mohd Fuzi, N.

(2016). The development of strategic balanced scorecard tool (SBST) for

Malaysian automotive industry. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering,

33(4), 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2016.1139004

 

Habidin, N. F., Yusof, M., Omar, B., Syed, S. I., & Janudin, S. E. (2012). A Proposed

Strategic Balanced Scorecard Model : Strategic Control System and

Organizational Performance in Malaysian Automotive Industry. IOSR Journal of

Business and Management, 1(6), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-0163944

 

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., Black, W. C., & Anderson, R.

E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. (R. E. A. Joseph F. Hair Jr, William C.

Black, Barry J. Babin, Ed.) (eighth edi). United Kingdom: Annabel Ainscow.

https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409137.ch4

 

Hair, J. F., Jr, Wolfinbarger, M., Money, A. H., Samouel, P., & Page, M. J. (2016).

Essentials of Business Research Methods. (J. F. Hair, Ed.) (3rd editio). New York:

Routledge. Retrieved from

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=GfnqBgAAQBAJ&pgis=1

 

Hamel, G. (2018). Negatives of Motivating Employees With Financial Rewards.

 

Hamid, A. A., Habidin, N. F., Muhammad, F., Zakaria, Z., & Jaafar, A. (2013). a

Proposed Model for Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and

Mosque Performance. International Journal of Management, Information

Technology and Engineering, 1(3), 5–14.

 

Hamid, M., Maheen, S., Cheem, A., & Yaseen, R. (2017). Impact of Human Resource

Management on Organizational Performance. Journal of Accounting & Marketing,

06(01), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9601.1000213

 

Haron, H. (2018). Education in the Era of IR 4.0. In 2018 International Conference on

Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech 2018) (pp. 1–38).

 

Hassan, Z. (2014). Suara hati Majlis Negarawan Suara hati pensyarah IPTA. Utusan

Online. Retrieved from

http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Rencana/20140910/re_06/Suara-hati-Majlis-

Negarawan-Suara-hati-pensyarah-IPTA#ixzz3dsrcBSnq

 

Heale, R., & Twycross, A. (2015). Validity and reliability in quantitative studies.

Evidence-Based Nursing, 18(3), 66–67. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2015-102129

 

Hiltrop, J. M. (1996). The impact of human resource management on organisational

performance: Theory and research. European Management Journal, 14(6), 628–

637. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-2373(96)00059-X

 

Hladchenko, M. (2015). Balanced Scorecard – a strategic management system of the

higher education institution. International Journal of Educational Management,

29(2), 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-11-2013-0164

 

Hoppas, C. A. (2013). Strategic Human Resource Management and Organisational

Performance: A Study of the University Administrators in Cyprus.

 

Hoque, K. E., Alam, G. M., Shamsudin, F., Akbar, S. Z. A., Moktharuddin, R. N., &

Fong, Y. S. (2010). The Impact of Foreign Lecturers’ Recruitment on Higher

Education: an Analysis from the Malaysian Standpoint. African Journal of

Business Management, 4(18), 3937–3946.

 

Horwitz, F. (2015). Human resources management in multinational companies in

Africa : a systematic literature review. The International Journal of Human

Resource Management, 26(21), 2786–2809.

 

Hossam, S. F., Shatha, M. A. E., & MozaAl-Nahyan, M. O. (2016). HRM Practices and

Organizational Performance in the UAE Banking Sector : the Mediating Role of

Organizational Innovation. International Journal of Productivity and

Performance Management, 65(6).

 

Hua, A. K. (2016). Pengenalan Rangkakerja Metodologi dalam Kajian Penyelidikan:

Satu Kajian Kes. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 1(1), 17–

23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2008.03.009

 

Huang, J., & Kim, H. J. (2013). Conceptualizing structural ambidexterity into the

innovation of human resource management architecture: The case of LG

Electronics. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(5), 922–

943. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.743471

 

Huang, T. C. (2001). The relation of training practices and organizational performance

in small and medium size enterprises. Education + Training, 43(8–9), 437–444.

https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910110411620

 

Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading Statistics and Research. (M. Buchholz, Ed.), Pearson

Education, Inc (sixth edit). Kevin Davis.

https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2011.23.2.141

 

Hunter, S. T., Shortland, N. D., Crayne, M. P., & Ligon, G. S. (2017). Recruitment and

selection in violent extremist organizations: Exploring what industrial and

organizational psychology might contribute. American Psychologist, 72(3), 242–

254. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000089

 

Hussein, N., Omar, S., Noordin, F., & Ishak, N. A. (2016a). Learning Organization

Culture, Organizational Performance and Organizational Innovativeness in a

Public Institution of Higher Education in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.

Procedia Economics and Finance, 37(16), 512–519.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30159-9

 

Hussein, N., Omar, S., Noordin, F., & Ishak, N. A. (2016b). Learning Organization

Culture, Organizational Performance and Organizational Innovativeness in a

Public Institution of Higher Education in Malaysia: A Preliminary Study.

Procedia Economics and Finance, 37(16), 512–519.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30159-9

 

Imran, A., Ahmad, S., Nisar, Q. A., & Ahmad, U. (2014). Exploring Relationship

among Rewards , Recognition and Employees ’ Job Satisfaction : A Descriptive

Study on Libraries in Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Reserach, 21(9),

1533–1540. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.21.09.21720

 

Irshad, M. Z., Muhammad Zohaib Irshad, & Mahmood, B. (2012). Job Satisfaction

among Academic Staff : A Comparative Analysis between Public and Private

Sector Universities of Punjab , Pakistan. International Journal of Business and

Management, 7(1), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n1p126

 

Isa, M. N. M. (2013). Factors Influence Employees Job Satisfaction: a Study of Human

Resources Practices in Rapid Rail Sendirian Berhad. Journal of Chemical

Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Ishizaka, A., & Pereira, V. E. (2016). Portraying an employee performance

management system based on multi-criteria decision analysis and visual

techniques. International Journal of Manpower, 37(4), 628–659.

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2014-0149

 

Islam, & Mohamed. (2018). Measuring Performance of Universities in Fragile

Countries Using Analytic Hierarchy Process. International Journal of the Analytic

Hierarchy Process, 1–16.

 

Island, W., & State, B. (2015). the Effects of Training / Development on the

Performance of Paint Manufacturing Firms in Rivers State ., 4(03), 66–74.

 

Ismail, I. (2015). Pengaruh Kepimpinan Beretika Dan Kepuasan Kerja Guru Terhadap

Komitmen Organisasi Di Sekolah. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Ismail, T. H., & Thaoiehie, M. Al. (2015). A balanced scorecard model for performance excellence in 

Saudi Arabia’s higher education sector. International Journal of Accounting,  Auditing  and  

Performance  Evaluation,  11(3/4),  255. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2015.071574

 

Jaes, L., Ismail, F., Damin, Z. A., & Anida, Z. Z. A. (2017). Cabaran Tadbir Urus Universiti Awam 

Masa Kini. In Seminar Khas Kelestarian Perkhidmatan Awam (pp. 0–13).

 

Jashari, A., & Kutllovci, E. (2020). The impact of human resource management practices on 

organizational performance case study: Manufacturing enterprises in Kosovo.   Business:   Theory   

and   Practice,   21(1),   222–229. https://doi.org/10.3846/BTP.2020.12001

 

Johan, J. M. (2014). The influence of human resource management practices on work engagement: The 

case of lecturers in Polytechnic Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Johan, K. (2015). Perception of Students Towards Lecturers Teaching Engineering Courses with 

Industry Experience: A Case Study in Malaysia Technical University. Procedia   -   Social   and   

Behavioral   Sciences,   195,   925–931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.372

 

K. M, Saifalislam, Osman, A., & AlQudah, M. . (2014). Human Resource Management Practices: 

Influence of recruitment and selection, and training and development on the organizational 

performance of the Jordanian Public University. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(5), 

43–46. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x- 16554346

 

Kairuz, T., Andriés, L., Nickloes, T., & Truter, I. (2016). Consequences of KPIs and performance  

management  in  higher  education.  International  Journal  of Educational Management, 30(6), 

881–893. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-05-

2015-0067

 

Kanu, A. M. (2015). How Do Recruitment and Selection Practices Impact Small and Medium Enterprises 

Performance in the Construction Industry in Sierra Leone ? Journal of Economics and Sustainable 

Development, 6(5), 253–270.

 

Kaplan, R., & Norton, D. (2001). Transforming the balanced scorecard from performance measurement 

to strategic management : Part II. Accounting Horizons, 15(2), 147–160. 

https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2001.15.2.147

 

Kaplan, R., & Norton, D. P. (1992). The Balanced Scorecard-Measures That Drive Performance. Harvard 

Business Review, 71–79.

 

Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (1996). Focusing Your Organization on Strategy-with the Balanced 

Scorecard, 2nd Edition. Harvard Business Review, 37–43. Retrieved from www.hbr.org

 

Kaplan, R. S., & Norton, D. P. (2012). Focusing Your Organization on Strategy—with the Balanced 

Scorecard, 2nd Edition. International Journal of Production

Research, 25(3), 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2762-0

 

Karathanos, D., & Karathanos, P. (2005). Applying the Balanced Scorecard to

Education. Journal of Education for Business, 80(4), 222–230.

https://doi.org/10.3200/JOEB.80.4.222-230

 

Karpagam, U. (2012a). CHAPTER 2.

 

Karpagam, U. (2012b). Performance Based Quality Improvement Model Using

Balanced Scorecard for Management Institutions in India. Anna University.

 

Kassahun, T. (2010). Rethinking institutional excellence in Ethiopia: adapting and

adopting the balanced scorecard (BSC) model. JBAS, 2(1), 210.

 

Katou, A., & Budhwar, P. (2014). HRM and firm performance. In Human Resource

Management: Strategic and International Perspectives (pp. 26–47). Retrieved

from http://www.sagepub.in/upm-data/61529_Crawshaw___ch2.pdf

 

Kehoe, R. R., & Wright, P. M. (2013). The Impact of High-Performance Human

Resource Practices on Employees’ Attitudes and Behaviors. Journal of

Management, 39(2), 366–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310365901

 

Kellner, A., Cafferkey, K., & Townsend, K. (2019). Ability, Motivation and

Opportunity theory: a formula for employee performance? In A. M. M. and T. D.

Keith Townsend, Kenneth Cafferkey (Ed.), Elgar Introduction to Theories of

Human Resources and Employment Relations (pp. 311–323). Cheltenham:

Edward Eldgar Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786439017

 

Kellner, A., Townsend, K., Wilkinson, A., Lawrence, S. A., & Greenfield, D. (2016).

Learning to manage: development experiences of hospital frontline managers.

Human Resource Management Journal, 26(4), 505–522.

https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12119

 

Kementerian Penerangan Malaysia. (2013). Program Transformasi Ekonomi.

Khadirah, N., & Rahman, A. (2018). SoTL in Malaysia Higher Education Setting :

Challenges Faced By, 10(1), 39–60.

 

Khalid, M. M., Rehman, C. A., & Ilyas, M. (2014). HRM Practices and Employee

Performance in Public Sector Organizations in Pakistan: An Empirical study.

International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 3(2), 1–

14.

 

Khan, R. A. G., Khan, F. A., & Khan, M. A. (2011). Impact of Training and

Development on Organizational Performance. Global Journal of Management and

Business Research, 11(7), 63–69.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Khan, Z., Soundararajan, V., & Shoham, A. (2020). Global post-merger agility,

transactive memory systems and human resource management practices. Human

Resource Management Review, 30(1), 100697.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2019.100697

 

Khasawneh, S. (2011). Human capital planning in higher education institutions.

International Journal of Educational Management, 25(6), 534–544.

https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541111159040

 

Kiran, P. V. S., & Faisal, A. M. (2019). Implementation of Technology Such As

Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP) Through Integration of Human Capital with

Quality using Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP). International Journal of

Engineering and Advanced Technology, 9(2), 1443–1446.

https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b3350.129219

 

Kollberg, B. (2007). Performance Measurement Systems in Swedish Health Care

Services. Science And Technology.

 

Kooij, D. T. A. M., Guest, D. E., Clinton, M., Knight, T., Jansen, P. G. W., & Dikkers,

J. S. E. (2013). How the impact of HR practices on employee well-being and

performance changes with age. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(1), 18–

35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12000

 

Kothari, C., Kumar, R., & Uusitalo, O. (2014). Research Methodology. New Age

International.

https://doi.org/http://196.29.172.66:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2574/1/Res

earch%20Methodology.pdf

 

Krejcie, R. V, & Morgan, D. (1970). Determining Sample Size For Research Activities.

Educational And Psychological Measurement.

 

Kum, F. D., Cowden, R., & Karodia, A. M. (2014). the Impact of Training and

Development on Employee Performance: a Case Study of Escon Consulting.

Singaporean Journal of Business Economics and Management Studies, 3(3), 72–

105. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2015.34025

 

Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology a step-by-step guide for beginners. SAGE

Publications Ltd (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications Ltd.

 

Lamba, S., & Choudhary, N. (2013). Impact of HRM practices on organizational

commitment of employees. International Journal of Advancements in Research &

Technology, 2(4), 407–423. https://doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2014/6-5/B.3

 

Lapina, I., Maurane, G., & Starineca, O. (2013). Holistic Human Resource

Management Model towards Sustainable and Sophisticated Business. The 17th

World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics. Retrieved from

http://www.iiis.org/CDs2013/CD2013SCI/SCI_2013/PapersPdf/SA583ME.pdf

 

Lawler, E. E. (2003). Reward practices and performance management system

effectiveness. Organizational Dynamics, 32(4), 396–404.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2003.08.007

 

Lawrence, P., & Pfeffer, J. (1998). The Human Equation: Building Profits by Putting

People First. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43(4), 956–958.

 

Lazim, N. M., & Yusof, N. (2012). Universiti, Pembangunan Modal Insan dan

Penumpuan Ruang Komuniti Berpenididkan Tinggi di Malaysia: Suatu Ulasan

Kritis. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 308–327.

https://doi.org/1269094159

 

Lee, C. S., Chao, C. W., & Chen, H. I. (2015). The relationship between HRM practices

and the service performance of student interns: Industry perspective. South African

Journal of Business Management, 46(3), 1–10.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v46i3.96

 

Lee, H. K., Boot, W. R., Basak, C., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Neider, M., … Kramer,

A. F. (2012). Performance gains from directed training do not transfer to untrained

tasks. Acta Psychologica, 139(1), 146–158.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.11.003

 

Leijdekkers, R. (2017). The Employee as Active Consumer of HRM : Explaining

Consumer Behaviour Using the AMO Theory. University of Twente.

 

Leung, L. C., Lam, K. C., & Cao, D. (2006). Implementing the balanced scorecard

using the analytic hierarchy process & the analytic network process. Journal of

the Operational Research Society, 57(6), 682–691.

https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602040

 

Leung, S. O. (2011). A comparison of psychometric properties and normality in 4-, 5-,

6-, and 11-point likert scales. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(4), 412–421.

https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.580697

 

Loh, F. (2005). Higher education in Malaysia: Crisis in Malaysias public universities?

Aliran Monthly. Retrieved from

https://aliran.com/archives/monthly/2005b/10h.html

 

Long, C. S., Kowang, T. O., Muthuveloo, R., & Ping, T. A. (2013). A Review on the

Relationship between HRM Practices and Firms’ Performance. Australian Journal

of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 312–316.

 

Lu, K., Zhu, J., & Bao, H. (2015). High-performance human resource management and

firm performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(2), 353–382.

https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2014-0317

 

Lucky, E. O.-I. (2013). The Teaching Qualification , Characteristics , Competence and

Lecturer Performance : a Case Study At the University of Ilorin, Nigeria.

 

Ma Prieto, I., & Pilar Pérez-Santana, M. (2014). Managing innovative work behavior:

the role of human resource practices. Personnel Review, 43(2), 184–208.

https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2012-0199

 

Mahapatro, B. B. (2010). Human Resource Management. New Age International (P)

Ltd.

 

Makinde, O. H. (2013). Securing a harmonious working environment through effective

industrial relations at workplace : The Nigerian perspective. Business

Management Dynamics, 3(2), 46–59.

 

Malaysia, K. P. (2015). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2015-2025.

 

Malaysia Ministry of Education. (2015). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015-2025.

Ministry of Education Malaysia, (Vol. 1). Retrieved from

http://medcontent.metapress.com/index/A65RM03P4874243N.pdf

 

Malaysian Qualifications Agency. (2014). Garis Panduan Amalan Baik: Staf Akademik.

(Agensi Kelayan Malaysia, Ed.), Agensi Kelayan Malaysia. Agensi Kelayan

Malaysia.

 

Malgwi, A. A., & Dahiru, H. (2014). Balanced Scorecard financial measurement of

organizational performance: A review. Journal of Economics and Finance.

Retrieved from www.iosrjournals.org

 

Manafi, M., & Subramaniam, I. D. (2015). Balancing performance by human resource

management practices. Asian Social Science, 11(10), 386–400.

https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n10p386

 

Manion, J. (2005). From Management to Leadership : Practical Strategies for Health

Care Leaders. (J. Manion, Ed.) (Second Edi). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass A

Wiley Imprint.

 

Marin-Garcia, J. A., & Tomas, J. M. (2016). Deconstructing AMO framework: A

systematic review. Intangible Capital, 12(4), 1040–1087.

https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.838

 

Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Balla, J. R., & Grayson, D. (1998). Is more ever too much?

The number of indicators per factor in confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate

Behavioral Research, 33(2), 181–220.

https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3302_1

 

Masa’deh, R., Obeidat, B. Y., & Tarhini, A. (2016). A Jordanian empirical study of the

associations among transformational leadership, transactional leadership,

knowledge sharing, job performance, and firm performance. Journal of

Management Development, 35(5), 681–705. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-

2015-0134

 

Masuwai, A., Tajudin, M., & Saad, N. S. (2016). Evaluating the face and content

validity of a Teaching and Learning Guiding Principles Instrument (TLGPI): A

perspective study of Malaysian teacher educators. Geografia: Malaysian Journal

of Society & Space, 12(3), 11–21.

 

Mat, N. H. B. N. (2015). the Relationship Between Human Resource Practices and

Turnover Intension. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Mathews, C., & Khann, I. K. (2016). Impact of Work Environment on Performance of

Employees in Manufacturing Sector in India: Literature Review. International

Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(4), 852–855.

https://doi.org/10.21275/v5i4.nov162579

 

McPhail, R., Herington, C., & Guilding, C. (2008). Human resource managers’

perceptions of the applications and merit of the balanced scorecard in hotels.

International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(4), 623–631.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.06.004

 

Medel-González, F., Salomon, V., García-Ávila, L., & Hernández, C. (2014).

Multicriteria Sustainability Performance Measurement: ANP Cuban Application

International Symposium of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 1–5. Retrieved from

http://www.isahp.org/uploads/p721921.pdf

 

Mehmood, M., Awais, M., Afzal, M. M., Shahzadi, I., & Khalid, U. (2017). The Impact

of Human Resource management Practices on Organizational Performance in

Saudi Banking Sector. European Journal of Business and Management, 1(9), 165–

178.

 

Mendoza, C. A. (2014). Variations In Online Survey Designs. ProQuest LLC.

Oklahoma State University. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Mezied, A. A. (2016). The role of Higher Education in The Fourth Industrial Revolution

| World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/what-role-will-education-play-in-thefourth-

industrialrevolution%

5Cnhttps://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/what-role-willeducation-

play-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/

 

Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE). (2018). 2018 Annual Repot: MEB 2013-2025.

Ministry of Education Malaysia, 1–192.

 

Ministry of Higher Education. (2017). Strengthening Academic University

Transformation Programme, Orange Book Career and Leadership Development

Pathways. Retrieved from www.mohe.gov.my

 

Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. (2012). The National graduate employability

blueprint 2012-2017. Universiti Putra Malaysia Press (Vol. 91).

 

Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. (2017a). Enhancing academic productivity and

cost efficiency: University Transformation programme, Silver Book.

 

Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. (2017b). Enhancing University Board

Governance and Effectiveness. University Transformation Programme Green

Book.

 

Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. (2018a). Framing Malaysian Higher

Education 4.0. (D. of H. E. Malaysia, Ed.). Department of Higher Education

Malaysia.

 

Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. (2018b). Statistik Pendidikan Tinggi 2018 :

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Retrieved from

https://www.moe.gov.my/index.php/muat-turun/laporan-danstatistik/

pendidikan-tinggi/buku-perangkaan/2018-10/2402-statistik-pendidikantinggi-

2018-bab-2-pdf/file

 

Moncarz, E., Zhao, J., & Kay, C. (2009). An exploratory study of US lodging properties’

organizational practices on employee turnover and retention. International

Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 21(4), 437–458.

https://doi.org/10.1108/09596110910955695

 

Muhammad Arifin, H. (2015). The influence of competence, motivation, and

organisational culture to high school teacher job satisfaction and performance.

International Education Studies, 8(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n1p38

 

Muhammad Imran Rasheed, Humayon, A. A., Ahmed, U. A., & Din, A. ud. (2014).

Factors affecting teachers’ motivation: An HRM challenge for public sector higher

educational institutions of Pakistan (HEIs). International Journal of Educational

Management, 30(1), 101–114. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-

2015-0216

 

Munz, E. D. (2017). Psychotherapie in der Psychiatrie. Nervenheilkunde (Vol. 36).

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2

 

Mustapha, N., & Zakaria, Z. C. (2013). The Effect of Promotion Opportunity in

Influencing Job Satisfaction among Academics in Higher Public Institutions in

Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social

Sciences, 3(3), 20–26.

 

Nadarajah, S., Kadiresan, V., Kumar, R., Kamil, N. N. A., & Yusoff, Y. M. (2012). The

Relationship of HR Practices and Job Performance of Academicians towards

Career Development in Malaysian Private Higher Institutions. Procedia - Social

and Behavioral Sciences, 57, 102–118.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1163

 

Naser Salem, F. A. (2014). the Mediating Effect of Job Satisfaction on Work. Universiti

Utara Malaysia.

 

Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches.

(Pearson Education Limited, Ed.) (7th ed.). United Kingdom: Pearson Education

Limited. https://doi.org/10.1234/12345678

 

Nilipour, S. A., Omran, E. S., Hashemi, S., & Sedaghat, M. (2017). Presenting

Sustainable HRM Model Based on Balanced Scorecard in Knowledge- Based ICT

Companies ( The Case of Iran ). Economics and Sociology, 10(2), 107–124.

https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-2/8

 

Niven, P. R. (2014). Balanced Scorecard Evolution: A Dynamic Approach to Strategy

Execution. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved from

https://books.google.com/books?id=i2zjAwAAQBAJ&pgis=1

 

Nivethitha Santhanam, K. T. ., Dyaram, L., & Ziegler, H. (2016). Impact of Human

Resource Management Practices on Employee Turnover Intentions: Moderating

Role of Psychological Contract Breach. Journal of Indian Business Research.

 

Njanja, L. W., Maina, R. N., Kibet, L. K., & Njagi, K. (2013). Effect of Reward on

Employee Performance: A Case of Kenya Power and Lighting Company Ltd.,

Nakuru, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(21), 41–

49. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v8n21p41

 

Norashikin, H., Amnah, M., Fauziah, N., & Amir, I. N. (2014). Learning Organization

and its Effect On Organizational Performance and Organizational Innovativeness:

A Proposed Framework for Malaysian Public Institutions of Higher Education.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 299–304.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.035

 

Nura, A. A. (2014). Human resource management practices and employee performance

management in Nigerian higher educational institutions.

 

Nuswantoro, H. (2017). Does the implementation of a formal performance management

system improve employee performance ? Perspectives from Indonesian civil

servants. University of Melbourne.

 

Obi-Anike, H. O., & Ekwe, M. C. (2014). Impact of Training and Development on

Organizational Effectiveness: Evidence from Selected Public Sector

Organizations in Nigeria. European Journal of Business and ManagementOnline),

6(29), 2222–2839.

 

Okechukwu, W. (2017). Influence of Training and Development , Employee

Performance on Job Satisfaction Among the Staff of School of Technology

Management and Logistics ,. Journal of Technology Management and Business,

04(01), 1–16.

 

Okusanya, A. O., & Oseji, A. S. (2016). Empirical Analysis Of Sound Recruitment and

Selection Criteria as a Tool of Organisatinal Efficiency. African Journals Online

(AJOL), 14(1). Retrieved from www.transcampus.org/journal;

 

Olmedo, A., Manriquez, P. H., Rojas, F. R., & Electrical, M. O. M. (2014). Analysis

Of The Factors Affecting The Decision Making Process Of Recruitment And

Selection Of Strategic Positions. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy

Process, 1–7.

 

Omar, N. H. (2015). The Factors That Influence Job Performance. Universiti Utara

Malaysia.

 

Ondieki, E. M. (2017). the Effect of the Balanced Scorecard on Organizational

Performance in the Public Sector in Kenya : a Case of Kenya Bureau of Standards

By United States International University. Unpublished Masters Thesis, United

States International University. United States International University.

 

Osakwe, R. N. (2015). Administrative Strategies of Departmental Heads as

Determinants for the Effective Management of Human Resources in Tertiary

Institutions in Delta State , Nigeria. Higher Education Studies, 5(1), 43–50.

https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v5n1p43

 

Osborne, J. W., & Waters, E. (2002a). Four Assumptions of Multiple Regression That

Researchers Should Always Test. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation,

8(2), 1–5. Retrieved from http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?n=2&v=8

 

Osborne, J. W., & Waters, E. (2002b). Multiple Regression Assumptions. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation.

 

Osman, I., Ho, T. C. F., & Carmen Galang, M. (2011). The relationship between human

resource practices and firm performance: an empirical assessment of firms in

Malaysia. Business Strategy Series, 12(1), 41–48.

https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631111100412

 

Othman, M. R. bin, & Abdullah, S. B. bin. (2013). AHP Based Academic Performance

Scoresheet ( APS ) for Holistic Assessment of Academician Achievements.

International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process.

 

Othman, L. (2017). Influence Of Training And Development, Employee Performance

On Job Satisfaction Among Staff In School Of Technology Management And

Logistics (STML, UUM).

 

Othman, R. (1995). Pengurusan Sumber Manusia Strategik: Beberapa Isu Penyelidikan.

Jurnal Pengurusan, 14(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-1995-

14-07

 

Othman, S. M. (2012). Implementing Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education

Management. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(18).

 

Otoo, F. N. K., & Mishra, M. (2018). Impact of Human Resource Management (HRM)

Practices on Hotel Industry’s Performance: The Mediating role of Employee

Competencies. Indian Journal of Commerce & Management Studies, IX(2), 17.

https://doi.org/10.18843/ijcms/v9i2/03

 

Oussama, S. (2012). Effects Of Human Resource Management Practices On

Organizational Performance: A Study In ENAMC As A Public Manufacturing

Company In Algeria.

 

Paile, N. J. (2012). Staff Perceptions of the Implementation of a Performance

Management and Development System: Father Smangaliso Mkhatswa Case Study,

(June), 107.

 

Paisey, C., & Paisey, N. J. (2018). Talent management in academia: the effect of

discipline and context on recruitment. Studies in Higher Education, 43(7), 1196–

1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2016.1239251

 

Pak, K., Kooij, D. T. A. M., De Lange, A. H., & Van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M. (2019).

Human Resource Management and the ability, motivation and opportunity to

continue working: A review of quantitative studies. Human Resource

Management Review, 29(3), 336–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.07.002

 

Pandey, P., & Pandey, M. M. (2015). Research Methodology Tools and Techniques.

Bridge Center. https://doi.org/arXiv:physics/0601009v3

 

Parasuraman, B. (2003). Perdebatan kajian sains sosial: Pengalaman penyelidik. Jurnal

Kemanusiaan, 18, 46–58.

 

Parsons, P. G., & Town, C. (2000). Performance Management and Academic,

(September).

 

Patterson, M., Rick, J., Wood, S., Carroll, C., Balain, S., & Booth, a. (2010). Systematic

review of the links between human resource management practices and

performance. Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England), 14(51), 1–

334, iv. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta14510

 

Pereira, V. E. (2013). A Longitudinal Case-Study Examination of HRM Practices in

High-Performing Work Organisations in the Indian HRO / BPO Industry Vijay

Edward Pereira Studies Subject Group , Portsmouth Business School October

2013.

 

Quansah, N. (2013). The Impact of Hrm Practices on Organisational Performance: the

Case Study of Some Selected Rural Banks. Kwame Nkrumah University Of

Science And Technology (KNUST). Retrieved from

http://ir.knust.edu.gh/bitstream/123456789/7747/1/NANCY QUANSAH.pdf

 

Rabl, T., Jayasinghe, M., Gerhart, B., & Kühlmann, T. M. (2014). A meta-analysis of

country differences in the high-performance work system-business performance

relationship: The roles of national culture and managerial discretion. Journal of

Applied Psychology, 99(6), 1011–1041. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037712

 

Rahim, M. A., & Daud, W. N. W. (2013). Rewards and motivation among

administrators of Universiti sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA): An empirical study.

International Journal of Business and Society, 14(2), 265–286.

 

Rana, M. H., & Malik, M. S. (2017). Impact of human resource (HR) practices on

organizational performance: Moderating role of Islamic principles. International

Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 10(2), 186–207.

https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-04-2016-0060

 

Rasool, B. N., & Shah, A. (2015). Evaluating the Impact of Human Resources on Firm

Performance: A Literature Review. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 25(2), 25–

47.

 

Rasool, S. F., Samma, M., Wang, M., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2019). How human

resource management practices translate into sustainable organizational

performance: the mediating role of product, process and knowledge innovation.

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 1009–1025.

https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S204662

 

Rathakrishnan, T., Siew Imm, N., & Kok, T. K. (2016). Turnover Intentions of

Lecturers in Private Universities in Malaysia. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum, 24,

129–146.

 

Raza, H. (2014). Training and Development impact on Organizational Performance:

Empirical Evidence from Oil and Gas Sector of Pakistan. IOSR Journal of

Business and Management, 16(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-16126772

 

Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of Working Environment on Job

Satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23(October 2014), 717–725.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(15)00524-9

 

Reda, N. W. (2017). Balanced scorecard in higher education institutions. Quality

Assurance in Education, 25(4), 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-09-2015-

0038

 

Regmi, P. R., Waithaka, E., Paudyal, A., Simkhada, P., & Teijlingen, E. van. (2016).

Guide to the design and application of online questionnaire surveys. Nepal Journal

of Epidemiology, 6(December), 640–644.

 

Reinhard Geissbauer, P. D. E. L. S. S. (2017). How industry leaders build integrated

operations ecosystems to deliver end-to-end customer solutions. Retrieved from

http://www.pwc.com/m1/en/about-us.html

 

Rhee, J., Zhao, X., & Kim, C. (2014). Effects of HRM practices on Chinese firms’

organizational performance: The moderating effect of CEO support. Asian Social

Science, 10(13), 210–221. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n13p210

 

Richardson, M. A. (2015). Recruitment Strategies Managing/Effecting the Recruitment

Process, 24. Retrieved from

http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN021814.pdf

 

Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2009). Design and Development Research: Methods,

Strategies, and Issues. New York: Taylor & Francis.

 

Rompho, N. (2006). An Economic Value Added And Balanced Scorecard For A

University In Thailand. University of Glasgow.

 

Rungson Chomeya. (2010). Quality of Psychology Test Between Likert Scale 5 and 6

Points. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), 399–403.

https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2010.399.403

 

Runhaar, P. (2017). How can schools and teachers benefit from human resources

management? Conceptualising HRM from content and process perspectives.

Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 45(4), 639–656.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143215623786

 

Rusmin, R. (2014). Cabaran besar kekal kejayaan. Harian Metro.

 

Rusmin, R. (2017, January 30). Impak globalisasi. Haian Metro.

 

Saaty, T L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Education, 1–11.

https://doi.org/10.3414/ME10-01-0028

 

Saaty, Thomas L. (2008). Relative Measurement and Its Generalization in Decision

Making Why Pairwise Comparisons are Central in Mathematics for the

Measurement of Intangible Factors The Analytic Hierarchy/Network Process (To

the Memory of my Beloved Friend Professor Sixto Rios Ga. Rev. R. Acad. Cien.

Serie A. Mat. VOL, 102(2), 251–318. Retrieved from

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF03191825.pdf

 

Sabarwal, P. K. (2014). An Analysis of How HR Policies and Procedures Impact on

Employees ’ Performance in New Zealand Organizations. Unitec.

 

Sabiu, M. S., Mei, T. S., & Raihan Joarder, M. H. (2017). Moderating Role of Ethical

Climates on HRM Practices and Organizational Performance: A Proposed

Conceptual Model. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 291–300.

https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1p291

 

Sadia Mansoor, H., Shah, F. T., -Rehman, A.-U., & Tayyaba, A. (2015). Impact of

Training and Development on Organization Performance with Mediating Role of

Intention to Quit as Human Resource Quality Cost. European Online Journal of

Natural and Social Sciences, 4(4), 787–797. Retrieved from http://www.europeanscience.

com

 

Saifalislam, K. ., Osman, A., & AlQudah, M. . (2014). Human Resource Management

Practices: Influence of recruitment and selection, and training and development on

the organizational performance of the Jordanian Public University. IOSR Journal

of Business and Management, 16(5), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-

16554346

 

Sajuyigbe, A. S., Olaoye, B. . ., & Adeyemi, M. . (2013). Impact of reward on

employees performance in a selected manufacturing companies in Ibadan, Oyo

State, Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 2(2), 27–32.

Retrieved from

http://www.ijac.org.uk/images/frontImages/gallery/Vol._2_No._2/4.pdf

 

Sapkota, P. (2014). Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process for Strategic Planning

and Implementation at Nepalese Universities and Colleges. International Journal

of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 1–5.

 

Sarip, A., & Royo, M. A. (2014). Strategic HR in Higher Educational Institutions in

Malaysia and Denmark. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,

5(1), 60–64. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2014.V5.341

 

Saudi, M. H. M. (2014). The effects of the performance management system and the

organisational culture on the employees attitude in Malaysian government

statutory bodies : a case study of Majlis Amanah Rakyat. EPublications@SCU,

274–293.

 

Seboru, M. A., Mulwa, A. S., Kyalo, D. N., & Rambo, C. M. (2016). Procurement of

Labour and Performance of Road Construction Projects in Kenya : A Case of

Nairobi County. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development,

5(12), 150–161.

 

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business. (U. Sekaran & R.

Bougie, Eds.), Wiley (7th editio). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1419.3126

 

Selamat, A. (2017). Higher Education 4.0 : Current Status and Readiness in Meeting

the Fourth Industrial Revolution Challenges. In Redesigning Higher Education

Towards Industry 4.0 (p. 93).

 

Selwyn, N. (2016). Digital downsides: exploring university students’ negative

engagements with digital technology. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(8), 1006–

1021. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1213229

 

Shanthi, N., Kadiresan, V., Mohamed, R. K. M. H., & Yusof, Y. M. (2012). The

Relationship of HR Practices and Job Performance of Academicians towards

Career Development in Malaysian Private Higher Institutions. Procedia - Social

and Behavioral Sciences, (October), 102 – 118.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1163

 

Sharabi, M. (2010). HR manager leadership in quality improvement in a college

environment. Quality Assurance in Education, 18(4), 317–327.

https://doi.org/10.1108/09684881011079161

 

Shariff, A. S. E. M. (2012). the Relationship Between Human Resource Practices And

Employee Retention. Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Sharon Suri Mesepy. (2016). The Impact Of Reward And Recognition On Employee

Engagement At Pt. Bank Sulutgo, Manado. Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Efisiensi,

16(01), 289–301.

 

Sheehan, M. (2014). Human resource management and performance: Evidence from

small and medium-sized firms. International Small Business Journal, 32(5), 545–

570. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242612465454

 

Shih, H., Chiang, Y.-H., & Hsu, C.-C. (2006). Can high performance work systems

really lead to better performance ? International Journal of Manpower, 27(8),

741–763. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720610713530

 

Shin, D. (2016). Human Resource Management Practices and Performance : A

General Systems Perspective.

 

Shin, D., & Konrad, A. M. (2017). Causality Between High-Performance Work

Systems and Organizational Performance. Journal of Management, 43(4), 973–

997. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314544746

 

Singh, N. R., & Kassa, B. (2016). The impact of human resource management on

organizational performance - A Study on Debre Brehan University. International

Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences

(IJRAOB), 1(1), 20. Retrieved from

http://search.proquest.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqcentral/docview/128549009

0/B88D6B9D0A2E4652PQ/5?accountid=14872%5Cnhttp://media.proquest.com.

ezp.waldenulibrary.org/media/pq/classic/doc/2888341911/fmt/pi/rep/NONE?hl=

&cit:auth=Dobre,+Ovidiu+Iliuta&cit:t

 

Singh, S., Darwish, T. K., & Potocnik, K. (2016). Measuring Organizational

Performance: A Case for Subjective Measures. British Journal of Management,

27(1), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12126

 

Smelt, K. (2017). Resolving the AMO Confusion : Results of a qualitative study into

HRM implementation by line managers. University of Twente.

 

Stirin Tzur, K., Ganzach, Y., & Pazy, A. (2016). On the positive and negative effects

of self-efficacy on performance: Reward as a moderator. Human Performance,

29(5), 362–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2016.1192631

 

Subramaniam, H. d/o. (2013). the Influence of Human Resource Management Practices

and Proactive Personality on Job Performance Among Commercial Bank

Employees. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

 

Subramony, M. (2009). A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Relationship Between

Hrm Bundles and Firm Performance. Human Resource Management, 45(1), 745–

768. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm

 

Sudirman, I. (2012). Implementing Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education

Management. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(18), 199–

204.

 

Supramaniam, M. (2011). An overview of banks ’ employees ’ perception and

knowledge of performance measurement and control systems adopted within their

banks . Maheswari SUPRAMANIAM MPhil Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy. University of New South

Wales.

 

Taamneh, A., Alsaad, A. K., & Elrehail, H. (2018). HRM practices and the multifaceted

nature of organization performance: The mediation effect of organizational

citizenship behavior. EuroMed Journal of Business, 13(3), 315–334.

https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-02-2018-0010

 

Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics. (B. G.

Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell, Eds.) (Sixth Edit). Harlow: Pearson Educat ion Limited.

 

Tahir, N., Yousafzai, I. K., Jan, S., & Hashim, M. (2014). The Impact of Training and

Development on Employees Performance and Productivity A case study of United

Bank Limited Peshawar City ,. International Journal of Academic Research in

Business and Social Sciences, 4(4), 86–98. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-

i4/756

 

Tajuddin, M. (2018). How public universities can balance finances and academic

freedom.

 

Tan, B. (2011). Piloting a weblog survey on-line: results and implications. International

Journal of Arts and Sciences, 4(16), 427–436. Retrieved from

http://psasir.upm.edu.my/24382/

 

Terpstra, D. E., & Rozell, E. J. (1993). the Relationship of Staffing Practices To

Organizational Level Measures of Performance. Personnel Psychology, 46(1), 27–

48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00866.x

 

Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A., Rios, L. P., … Goldsmith, C. H.

(2010). A tutorial on pilot studies : the what , why and how. Medical Research

Methodoloy, 10(1), 1–10.

 

Tian, A. W., Cordery, J., & Gamble, J. (2016). Staying and performing: How human

resource management practices increase job embeddedness and performance.

Personnel Review, 45(5), 947–968. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-09-2014-0194

 

Time, F. (2018). What Is Performance Management in the Workplace_.

 

Tomal, D. R., & Jones, K. J. (2015). a Comparison of Core Competencies of Women

and Men Leaders in the Manufacturing Industry. The Coastal Business Journal,

14(1), 13–26.

 

Triguero-Sánchez, R., C. Peña-Vinces, J., & Sánchez-Apellániz, M. (2013).

Hierarchical distance as a moderator of HRM practices on organizational

performance. International Journal of Manpower, 34(7), 794–812.

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2012-0046

 

Trivedi, S., & Raval, D. (2015). Review of Literature on the Study of Linkage between

Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Performance.

International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management

Studies Computer Science and Management Studies, 3(6), 314–323.

 

Türk, K. (2016). Performance management of academic staff and its effectiveness to

teaching and research – Based on the example of estonian universities. Trames,

20(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2016.1.02

 

Tzabbar, D., Tzafrir, S., & Baruch, Y. (2017). A bridge over troubled water: Replication,

integration and extension of the relationship between HRM practices and

organizational performance using moderating meta-analysis. Human Resource

Management Review, 27(1), 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.08.002

 

Ueno, A. (2013). Are Performance Appraisals and Reward Really a Contributory Factor

to Service Quality? Services Marketing Quarterly, 34(1), 34–48.

https://doi.org/10.1080/15332969.2013.739938

 

Umashankar, V., & Dutta, K. (2007). Balanced scorecards in managing higher

education institutions: an Indian perspective. International Journal of Educational

Management, 21(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540710716821

 

Uyargil, C., & Ozcelik, G. (2015). a Conceptual Framework for Line Managers Hrm

Implementation Effectiveness: Integrating Social Context and Amo Theories.

Pressacademia, 4(2), 289–289.

https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2015211620

 

Van Selm, M., & Jankowski, N. W. (2006). Conducting online surveys. Quality and

Quantity, 40(3), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-8081-8

 

Varma, A., Budhwar, P. S., & DeNisi, A. (2008). Performance management Systems.

A Global perspective. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (First Edit, Vol.

97). https://doi.org/10.2753/PMR1530-9576350106

 

Vashistha, N. (2015). Their Performance : Case Study of Syndicate Bank of India, 6,

40–45.

 

Vermeeren, B. (2017). Influencing public sector performance: studying the impact of

ability-, motivation- and opportunity-enhancing human resources practices on

various performance outcomes in the public sector. International Review of

Administrative Sciences, 83(4), 717–737.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852315591642

 

Vermeeren, B., Kuipers, B., & Steijn, B. (2014). Does Leadership Style Make a

Difference? Linking HRM, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Performance.

Review of Public Personnel Administration, 34(2), 174–195.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X13510853

 

Veronica Peter Msaga. (2018). Assessment Of The Effects Of Reward Systems On

Organization Performance. Open University of Tanzania.

 

Walliman, N. (2011). Research Methods: The Basics.

https://doi.org/10.3794/johlste.41.res

 

Wan Ahmad, W. I., & Abdurahman, S. M. (2015). Job satisfaction among academic

staff of universiti Utara Malaysia: A work environment perspective.

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3), 251–256.

https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p251

 

Wu, H. Y., Lin, Y. K., & Chang, C. H. (2011). Performance evaluation of extension

education centers in universities based on the balanced scorecard. Evaluation and

Program Planning, 34(1), 37–50.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2010.06.001

 

Xing, B., & Marwala, T. (2017). Implications of the Fourth Industrial Age on Higher

Education Bo Xing and Tshilidzi Marwala. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv, (April), 2–9.

Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315682580%0D

 

Yee, K. S. (2015). A Study on the Factors that Influence Job satisfaction among

Lecturers in Universiti Utara Malaysia. New York.

 

Yemeshvary Ashok Upadhyay, A., & Palo, S. (2013). Engaging employees through

balanced scorecard implementation. Strategic HR Review, 12(6), 302–307.

https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-08-2012-0057

 

Ying, Z. Y. (2012). The Impact of Performance Management System on Employee

performance. Holistic Approach Journal, 57.

https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995641.d21

 

Yudatama, U., & Sarno, R. (2016). Priority Determination for Higher Education

Strategic Planning Using Balanced Scorecard, FAHP and TOPSIS (Case study:

XYZ University). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering,

105(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/105/1/012040

 

Yurdakul, M., & Iç, Y. T. (2005). Development of a performance measurement model

for manufacturing companies using the AHP and TOPSIS approaches.

International Journal of Production Research, 43(21), 4609–4641.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540500161746

 

Yusof, P. M. D. A. M. (2016). Cabaran Institusi Pengajian Tinggi. Utusan Online.

 

Zafir Mohamed Makhbul, ., & Fazilah Mohamad Hasun, . (2007). Amalan pengambilan

dan pemilihan pekerja: Tinjauan ke atas firma terpilih di sektor perkilangan.

International Journal of Management Studies (IJMS), 14(2), 143–162.

 

Zain, N. M., Aspah, V., Mohmud, N. A., Abdullah, N., & Ebrahimib, M. (2017).

Challenges and Evolution of Higher Education in Malaysia. International Journal

of Islamic and Civilizational Studies, 4(1–1), 78–87.

https://doi.org/10.11113/UMRAN2017.4N1-1.207

 

Zainol, Z. B. (2014). The Effects Of Customer-Brand Relationship Investments On

Customer Engagement. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Zakiahanim, N. O. R., & Zakaria, B. (2013). Job Satisfaction Among Administrative

Staff : the Role of Work Environment.

 

Zaleha, S., Rasid, A., Daverson, R., & Selemani, A. (2014). The impact of human

resource management practices on performance Evidence from a Public

University. The TQM Journal, 26(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-10-

2011-0062

 

Zawawi, D. (2007). Quantitative versus qualitative methods in social sciences:

Bridging the gap. Integration & Dissemination, 1, 3–4.

 

Zhang, J., Gao, S., Jiang, J., & Xing, H. (2014). Application research of BSC theory in

the salary design of teacher in college and university. Proceedings - 2014 6th

International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics

Automation, ICMTMA 2014, 144–150. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMTMA.2014.39

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.