|
UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| The objective of this research is to identify the socioeconomic status of Malaysian Indian
plantation community, to analyze their attitude and to study the correlation between these
two variables as portrayed in Malaysian Tamil novels. The qualitative research method
was used and data collection was carried out using description and analysis. The Theory of
Reasoned Action was used to analyze the attitude and behavior according to four elements
which are intention, belief, reflection and behavior. Six Malaysian Tamil novels with the
background of Malaysian Indian plantation community were used for this study. Twentynine
characters from the selected novels were used to identify their socio-economic status;
to analyze their attitude and to study the correlation between these two variables. The
findings show that there are twelve characters portray high socioeconomic status with
positive attitude while the other seventeen portray low socioeconomic with negative
attitude. The findings also reveal that there is a correlation between their socioeconomic
status and their attitude. The conclusion of this research is, the socioeconomic status of the
Malaysian Indian plantation community is determined by their attitude. The research
implies that the Malaysian Indian plantation community has to change their attitude into
positive in order to enjoy high socioeconomic status like others. |
| References |
PRIMARY RESOURCES
Chanthiran, N. (2006). Mannin Vannam. Chennai : Manimegalai Publication.
Elavazhagu, I. (2013). EElachia Payanam. Third Edition. Negeri Sembilan.
Icek Ajzen & Martin Fishbein. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Behavior. New Jersey : Prentice-Hall.
Kumaran, M. (1969). Chemmannum Neelamalargalum. Chennai Tamilpputtagaalayam.
Perumal, K. (1979). Tuyara Paathai. Second Edition. Singapore. Punniavan. K. (2012). Selanchar Ampat. Kuala Lumpur.
Ramaiya, M. (1994). Suvadugal. First Edition. Chennai.
SECONDARY RESOURCES
Abinaya, T. (2012). Palagopala Nambiyaarin Kanavuk Kolangal. Tanjavur : Universiti Tamil (Unpublished Master Thesis)
Achee SubraManian. (1995). Wanita Dalam Novel Tamil Malaysia (1910 – 1970). Kuala Lumpur : University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Aiker, L.R. (1980). Attitude Measurement and Research. In D.A.Page (Ed) Recent Developments in Effective Measurement. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
Akilan, M. (2002). Kathai Kalai in Malaysia and Singapore. Chennai, India : Dhagam Publication.
Akilan, M. (1968). Paalmarakkattinile. Chennai.
Allport, G. (1935) Attitudes. In C.Murchison (Ed) Handbook of Social Psychology.Worcestor, MA : Clark University Press.
Arasaratnam. S. (1979). Indians in Malaysia and Singapore. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Basuki Gunawan & Rabeendran Raghavan. (1977). The Plight of the Plantation Workers in Malaysia. University Van Amsterdam.
Bharathi Kandasamy. (1999). The Sufferings of Indian Plantation laborers in Malaya & Ceylon before Independence. Nagercoil: Hindu College.
Biggerstaff, D. (2012). Qualitative research methods in psychology. In Rossi & Gina (eds.), psychology: selected papers (pp. 175-206). Croatia: In Tech.
Boyatzis, R.E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Breckler (1984). Attitudes and Behavior :The Cognitive- Affective Mismatch Hypothesis. New York : Wiley.
Campbell, V.T. (1950). The Direct Assessment of Social Attitudes. In Psychological Bulletin. Vol:47.
Chaiken and Stanger. (1987). The Self in Social Psychology. Newyork : Weistein and Richman.
Creswell, J. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
Dennis, N. , Harriques, F. Slaughter, C. (1969). “Coal in Our Life” Tavistock Publication, London.
Denzin. (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. USA: Sage Publications.
Dhandayutham, R. (1980). The terms of Novel. Kuala Lumpur : Pustaka KaryaPublication.
Dorothy Blair Shimer. (1969). The Mentor Book of Modern Asian Literature. New York : New American Library.
Eagly, A.H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The Psychology of Attitudes. Harcout : BraceJovanovich College Publishers.
Elilmuthu. (2002). Kathai Pirantha Kathai. Chennai : Vijaya Publication.
Gay, L.R. (1996). Educational Research. United Kingdom: Amazon.
Guttman. (1944). A Basis for Scaling Qualitative Data. In American Sociological Review, Vol : 91.
Hale, Househlder and Greene. (2003). Theory of Reason Action, In The Persuation Handbook. CA:Sage.
Halhojailan. (2012). Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation. West East Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 39-47.
Hashim Awang. (1986). Mini Literature Glossary. Malaysia : Fajar Bakti.
Hashim Awang. (1936). Penciptaan dan kemanusian dalam cerpen dan novel. Shah Alam : Fajar Bakti, 1998
Hashim Awang. (1986). The Term Novel. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Publication.
Hogg, M., & Vaughan, G. (2005). Social Psychology (4th Edition). London : Prentice-Hall.
Ilakkumi Meenatchi Sundaram. (1991). Ilakkiya Arumbugal.. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya.
Ilangkumaran Sivanadyan. (2009). The Status of Women in M.A. Ilanchelvan’s Genres: From Feminine Perspective. Kuala Lumpur : University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Ilayaraja Athmanathan. (2006). Puthiyathor Ulakam. Tanjavur: Tamil University (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Jain, Ravindra. K. (1970). South Indian on the Plantation Frontier in Malaya. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Janakey Raman Manikam . (2011). The Malaysian Indian Dilemma, Third Edition.Kuala Lumpur.
Jayaraman. N.V. (1981). Malaysia Tamil Naaval Valarcchi. Peravaikkathaigal. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya.
Jayawardene. (1963). Conflict and Solidarity in a Guinese Plantation. Athlone Press, London.
Jesuthas. (2010). Literature-Broad Categories. Chennai : Naval Publications.
Jesuthas. (2010). Modern Tamil Literature. Kuala Lumpur : Uma Pathipakam Publication.
Jung, C.G. (1921). Psychological Types. In classics in the History of Psychology(Translated), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Katz and Stotland. (1993). The Social Construction of Attitudes-Psychology. Newyork: McGrawHill (Reprint).
Kalaiselvi, M. (2002). M.Ramaiyavin Payanangal Mudivathillai. Tanjavur : Tamil University (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Kannan, A. (2016). Influence of Socio Economic status on Sports participation of school going Students in Puducherry. Puducherry: Pondicherry University.
Kernial Singh Sandhu. (1969). Indians in Malaya. Cambridge.
Kothandapani. (1971). The Construct Validity of the Affective, Behavioural and Cognitive Components of Attitude by analysis of Covariance Structures. In Notivation Behaviour Research. Vol:13. Issue-1
Kumarasamy Tannirmalai. (2011). The Social Issues Portrayed by Malaysian Tamil Novels in 1990-s. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Kuppusamy, C.V. (1971). Malaysia Tamil Ilakkiam. In Peravaikkathaigal. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya.
LeCompte, M.D., & Schensul, J.J. (1999). Designing and conducting ethnographic research. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira.
Loganayagi, N. (1971). Malaysia Muthal Naavalgal. In Peraivaikthaigal. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya.
Logeswary Arumugam. (2017). Trauma of the Tamils During the British Colonization and Japanese Occupation in Malaysia as Reflected in Malaysia Tamil Folk Songs. Tanjung Malim: Sultan Idris Education University (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Manickam, Anand. (2013). Attitude of novel writers in Tamilnadu – A Pilot Study.M.Phil thesis. Annamalainagar: Annamalai University
Manonmani Devi. (2008). The Description of Women in the Novels of R. Kartigesu. s.Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Mohan, V. (2010). R. Kartigesuvin Anthima Kaalam. Thanjavur: Tamil University (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Morgan. (1934). The Psychology of Abnormal People. London: Longmans Green.
Mudzaffar Desmond Tate. (2008). The Malaysian Indian, History, problems and future. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 42(1), 181-184. Doi: 2307/23020314.
Muhammad Putra Adha. (2016). Knowledge, Skills and attitude toward reading English Technical materials Among Students in selected technical Secondary Schools in Perrak. Master Thesis. Tanjung Malim: Sultan Idris Education University.
Muthuplaniappan Chettiar, P.N.M. (1938). Malayaavin Totram, Penang, Malaysia. Ng Choon Teong. (1970). A Case Study of Indian Plantataion Workers in WestMalaysia. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Nirmala Perumal. (2009). Oru Theevukkulle. Chennai.
Othman Lebar. (2014). Penyelidikan Kualitatif. Tanjung Malim: Sultan Idris Education University.
Ostrom. (1969). Social Psychology: Attitudes, Cognition and Social behavior. New York: Springer.
Palmerino, Langer and McGills. (1984). Attitudes and attitude Change : Mindlessness-Mindfulness Perspective. In J.R.Eiser (Ed) Attitude Judgement. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Pama Periasamy. (2013). Stereotype Gender in Selected Novels of Ramani Chandran.Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Paul Edwards. (1967). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 3 ed. The Macmillan Co.And the Free Press.
Ponmugam. (1997). Kalam Ingge, Kanniam Engge. Selangor, Malaysia.
Rajantheran, M.et.al. (2012). Identity and language of Tamil community in Malaysia: Issues and challenges. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research, 48(17). 78-82. Doi: 10.7763/IPEDR.
Rajeswari Arumugam. (2018). Reflection of Feminism in the Anthology of Short Stories Peravaik Kathaikal. Tanjung Malim: Sultan Idris Education University (Unpublished Phd Thesis).
Rajeswari, S. (2012). Nhilthuyil Nhavalil Varalaatrup Pathivugal. Thanjavur : Tamil University (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Ramanathan, Devaki. (2009) A Psychological study of Sujatha’s Novel Kolaiyuthir Kalam’,. Nagercoil: Hindu College.
Rama Subbiah (1966). Malaysian Tamils. Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya.
Rokeach. (1968). Beliefs, Attitudes and Value: A Theory of Organisation and Change.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Rice, P., & Ezzy,D. (1999). Qualitative research methods: A health focus. Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.
Sababathy, V. (1996). Malaysia Tamil Novel. Chennai: Manivasagar Publications.
Sababathy, V. (1999). Malaysia Tamil Novel Literature. Malaysia: UniversityMalaya.
Sababathy, V. (1996). Malaysian Tamil Novels after 1960’s. Malaysia: University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Saravanan, E. S. (2011). Ninaivuc Cinna Nhaval Vali Malaysia Thamilar Thakavu.Thanjavur: Tamil University.
Segar Narayanan. (2010). Satu Kajian Tentang Corak Pemikiran Sosial India yang Terpapar Dalam Novel Tamil Malaysia (1957-1987). Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya (Unpublished PhD Thesis).
Shaw, M.E. (1967). Scales for the Measurement of Attitudes. New York: McGraw.
Short-Term Studies and Research Assistance Division, Socioeconomic Research Unit,Prime Minister's Department. (1981). SocioeconomicSocio Economic Study ofRubber Estate workers. Kuala Lumpur.
Srinivasa (2001). The Indian Contribution. Hyderabad: Osmania University.
SubraManian, P. (2001). Attitudes and Behaviour in ‘Alai Osai’. Abishekapatti: Manomaniam Sundaranar University (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Thilagavathi, Padma. (2011). Attitude in Tamil and Kannada Novels –A Comparative Study. Annamalainagar: Annamalai University (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Thilagavathy, R. (2012). A Study on a Malaysian Novel entitled Vallamaithaarayo.Kuala Lumpur: University Malaya (Unpublished Master Thesis).
Thinesh SubraManian. (2015). Life Aspects before and after marriage in Malaysian Tamil Novels. Tanjung Malim: Sultan Idris Education University.
Vaiyapuri Pillai (1974). Sanga Ilakiyam. Madras: Pari Nilayam.
Vaiyapuri Pillai. S. (1974). Tamilar Panpatu. Madras: Tamil Publication.
Varatharajoo, M. (1993). Malaysia : Engge En Panggu. Chennai.
Varatharajoo, M. (2004). Erinthukondirukkum Tamizhinam. Selangor: Arivalayam.
Veerappan, R.N. (1988). Malaysian Tamils. Mayilappur, Chennai.
Wagner, H.R (1969). Social Change and History: Aspects of the Western Theory of Development. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wan Chik Ibrahim. (2013). A Guide To Writing Research Proposals. The Experimental Method. Tanjung Malim: Sultan Idris Education University.
Wicker, Allan (1969). Attitudes Versus actions: The Relationship of Verbal and Overt Behavioral Responses to Attitude Objects. In the Journal of Social Issues, Vol:25, Issue:4.
Willig, C. (2008). Introducing qualitative research in psychology adventures in theory and method (2nd ed.). Maidenhead, England: McGraw Hill/Open University Press.
NEWSPAPERS
……..Makkal Osai, 2 April 1984
……..Makkal Osai, 2 November 1985.
…….Makkal Osai, 20 Oktober 2017.
…….Tamil Malar, 2 September 2019.
…….Tamil Malar, 3 October 2019.
…….Tamil Malar, 19 Disember 2019.
…….Tamil Nesan, 12 Oktober 1982.
TELEVISION INTERVIEWS
Dato’ N.S.Rajendran, DHRRA Malaysia. ASTRO VANAVIL, 25 September 2016.
Dato’ Sri Subramaniam Tholsy, DHRRA Malaysia. ASTRO VANAVIL, 2 Mei 2017.
Tan Sri Dr. M.P. Ramasamy, DHRRA Malaysia. ASTRO VANAVIL, 2 November 2015.
|
| This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |