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| Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada hasil pengeluaran getah pada harga pasaran di NegeriNegeri Melayu
Bersekutu (NNMB) yang bermula dari tahun 1900 sehingga 1941. Industri getah telah berhadapan dengan
faktor-faktor ketidakstabilan dalam pengeluaran getah pada harga pasaran yang turun naik. Sehingga
Perang Dunia Kedua, pasaran harga getah telah menjadikan komoditi ini sangat penting dalam
mempengaruhi hasil pengeluaran dan pembukaan ladang-ladang getah di NNMB. Kajian ini menggunakan
kaedah kualitatif iaitu dengan membuat analisis terhadap dokumen-dokumen rasmi yang diperoleh di
Arkib Negara Malaysia seperti Colonial Office Record, Selangor Annual Report, Perak Annual Report,
Negeri Sembilan Annual Report, Pahang Annual Report, Annual Report of Federated Malay States dan
Colonial Reports on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Federated Malay States.
Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pada peringkat awal perkembangan industri getah adalah maju dan pesat
dengan galakan daripada pihak kerajaan kolonial British yang telah mendorong kepada perkembangan
prasarana seperti jaringan jalan perhubungan, pengangkutan, perkhidmatan telefon, perkembangan
pelabuhan, kemunculan intitusi kewangan, dan sistem perbankan. Getah mendapat permintaan yang
tinggi berikutan tercetusnya Revolusi Perindustrian di Eropah. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan
bahawa Perang Dunia Pertama pada tahun 1914 dan kemelesetan ekonomi dunia yang berlaku pada tahun
1929 telah menyebabkan harga getah jatuh mendadak dan tidak konsisten. Sekali gus, hasil
pengeluaran getah juga turut terjejas. Rancangan Sekatan Stevenson yang diperkenalkan oleh pihak
British pada tahun 1922 tidak dapat meningkatkan semula harga getah malah hanya dapat mengawal
pengeluaran getah di pasaran. Dengan itu, pihak British telah memperkenalkan Peraturan Getah
Antarabangsa pada tahun 1934 dan usaha ini telah berjaya mengatasi masalah ketidakstabilan hasil
pengeluaran getah pada harga pasaran di NNMB. Kesimpulan daripada kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa
ketidakstabilan harga getah adalah lebih dominan dan dipengaruhi oleh masalah ekonomi yang berlaku
di negara Eropah dan Amerika Syarikat. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa ketidakstabilan harga
pasaran getah tidak menjejaskan permintaan terhadap kepentingan getah yang menjadi
komoditi utama di NNMB.
|
| References |
SUMBER PERTAMA
Rekod Kerajaan
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