UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
This study aims to identify and analyse the concepts of Pati (God), pacu (souls), pācam (bondage) based on the theory of Saiva Siddhāntam and to clarify the concepts of cataṉai (means) and payaṉ (benefits) in the 1026 hymns of Cuntarar Tēvāram. This study is a library research that uses the methods of content analysis and descriptive analysis. The analysis and discussion are based on the theory of Saiva Siddhāntam. The results of this study identified 1015 hymns on Pati, 113 on pacu and 57 on pācam that reflect the theory. Analysis of the hymns confirms Pati as the embodiment of Love taking various manifestations to bestow Grace upon the deserving souls; pacu on its journey to liberation undergoing the cycle of births and aspiring to be released from the fetters of pācam by surrendering to the Lord; and pācam that binds the souls in the forms of āṇavam, kaṉmam and māyā, leaves the pacu when Pati captivates it. The four types of cataṉai and the two types of payaṉ outlined in the theory of Saiva Siddhāntam can be found in almost all the songs of Cuntarar Tēvāram. The study also shows that Cuntarar consistently followed the traditions and concepts of Saiva Siddhāntam in freeing himself from the shackles of pācam in his songs. In conclusion, almost all the 1026 songs of Cuntarar Tēvāram have discussed the concepts of Pati, pacu, pācam, cataṉai and payaṉ based on the concepts of Saiva Siddhāntam. The implications of this study benefit the practitioners and the students of Saivism in appreciating the hymns in the context of Saiva Siddhāntam to attain bliss. |
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