Abdel-Maksoud, Y. K., Imam, E., & Ramadan, A. R. (2018). Sand supported TiO2 photocatalyst in a tray photo-reactor for the removal of emerging contaminants in wastewater. Catalysis Today, 313, 55-62. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2017.10.029

Ahmad, A., Razali, M. H., Mamat, M., Kassim, K., & Amin, K. A. M. (2020). Physiochemical properties of TiO2 nanoparticle loaded APTES-functionalized MWCNTs composites and their photocatalytic activity with kinetic study. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(1), 2785-2794. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.07.009

Ahn, K., Lee, H. -., Jeong, Y. -., Kim, J. -., Jeong, S. -., & Cho, C. -. (2011). Effects of TiO 2 nanorod length and post-annealing on the electrical properties of TiO 2 nanobarbed fiber structures. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 11(8), 7155-7158. doi:10.1166/jnn.2011.4847

Alansi, A. M., Alkayali, W. Z., Al-Qunaibit, M. H., Qahtan, T. F., & Saleh, T. A. (2015). Synthesis of exfoliated polystyrene/anionic clay MgAl-layered double hydroxide: Structural and thermal properties. RSC Advances, 5(87), 71441-71448. doi:10.1039/c5ra10545e

Albert, E. L., Che Abdullah, C. A., & Shiroshaki, Y. (2018). Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide functionalized with magnetic nanoparticle via simple emulsion method. Results in Physics, 11, 944-950. doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2018.10.054

Alhomoudi, I. A., & Newaz, G. (2009). Residual stresses and raman shift relation in anatase TiO2 thin film. Thin Solid Films, 517(15), 4372-4378. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.141

Arthi, G. (2016). Investigation of Growth and Functional Properties of Tio 2 Nanostructures for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Applications.Dissertation, Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Azmina, M. S., Nor, R. M., Rafaie, H. A., Razak, N. S. A., Sani, S. F. A., & Osman, Z. (2017). Enhanced photocatalytic activity of zno nanoparticles grown on porous silica microparticles. Applied Nanoscience (Switzerland), 7(8), 885-892. doi:10.1007/s13204-017-0626-3

Ba-Abbad, M. M., Kadhum, A. A. H., Mohamad, A. B., Takriff, M. S., & Sopian, K. (2013). Optimization of process parameters using D-optimal design for synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via sol-gel technique. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19(1), 99-105. doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2012.07.010

Bai, L. -., Kou, G., Gong, Z. -., & Zhao, Z. -. (2013). Effect of zn and ti mole ratio on microstructure and photocatalytic properties of magnetron sputtered TiO2-ZnO heterogeneous composite film. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition), 23(12), 3643-3649. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62912-X

Banerjee, S., Benjwal, P., Singh, M., & Kar, K. K. (2018). Graphene oxide (rGO)-metal oxide (TiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 ) based nanocomposites for the removal of methylene blue. Applied Surface Science, 439, 560-568. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.085

Basturk, E., & Karatas, M. (2015). Decolorization of antraquinone dye reactive blue 181 solution by UV/H2O2 process. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 299, 67-72. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.11.003

Batakliev, T., Petrova-Doycheva, I., Angelov, V., Georgiev, V., Ivanov, E., Kotsilkova, R., . . . Ciambelli, P. (2019). Effects of graphene nanoplatelets and multiwall carbon nanotubes on the structure and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) composites: A comparative study. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 9(3) doi:10.3390/app9030469

Bel Hadjltaief, H., Ben Zina, M., Galvez, M. E., & Da Costa, P. (2016). Photocatalytic degradation of methyl green dye in aqueous solution over natural clay-supported ZnO-TiO2 catalysts. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 315, 25-33. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.09.008

Bîru, E. I., & Iovu, H. (2018). Graphene nanocomposites studied by raman spectroscopy. Raman Spectroscopy, , 179-201. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Bodson, C. J., Lambert, S. D., Alié, C., Cattoën, X., Pirard, J. -., Bied, C., . . . Heinrichs, B. (2010). Effects of additives and solvents on the gel formation rate and on the texture of P- and si-doped TiO2 materials. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 134(1-3), 157-164. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2010.05.021

Bokobza, L., Rahmani, M., Belin, C., Bruneel, J. -., & El Bounia, N. -. (2008). Blends of carbon blacks and multiwall carbon nanotubes as reinforcing fillers for hydrocarbon rubbers. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics, 46(18), 1939-1951. doi:10.1002/polb.21529

Bozkurt Çırak, B., Caglar, B., Kılınç, T., Morkoç Karadeniz, S., Erdoğan, Y., Kılıç, S., . . . Çırak, Ç. (2019). Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanorice decorated TiO2 nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic activity. Materials Research Bulletin, 109, 160-167. doi:10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.09.039

Brodie, B. C. (1859). On the atomic weight of graphite. Philos.Trans.R.Soc.London, 149, 249-259. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Chaudhary, D., Singh, S., Vankar, V. D., & Khare, N. (2018). ZnO nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for enhanced photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 351, 154-161. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.018

Chen, X., Wu, Z., Liu, D., & Gao, Z. (2017). Preparation of ZnO photocatalyst for the efficient and rapid photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes. Nanoscale Research Letters, 12(1) doi:10.1186/s11671-017-1904-4

Chen, Y. -., Tan, Y. -., Li, J., Hao, Y. -., Shi, Y. -., & Wang, M. (2018). Graphene oxide-assisted dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) for mechanical and electrically conductive enhancement. Polymer Testing, 65, 387-397. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.12.019

Cheng, C., Amini, A., Zhu, C., Xu, Z., Song, H., & Wang, N. (2014). Enhanced photocatalytic performance of TiO2-ZnO hybrid nanostructures. Scientific Reports, 4 doi:10.1038/srep04181

Cheng, P., Wang, Y., Xu, L., Sun, P., Su, Z., Jin, F., . . . Lu, G. (2016). High specific surface area urchin-like hierarchical ZnO-TiO2 architectures: Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties. Materials Letters, 175, 52-55. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2016.03.120

Da Dalt, S., Alves, A. K., & Bergmann, C. P. (2016). Preparation and performance of TiO2-ZnO/CNT hetero-nanostructures applied to photodegradation of organic dye. Materials Research, 19(6), 1372-1375. doi:10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2016-0036

Danish, R., Ahmed, F., Arshi, N., Anwar, M. S., & Koo, B. H. (2014). Facile synthesis of single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nano-rods by solution method. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China (English Edition), 24(SUPPL. 1), s152-s156. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63303-3

De Marco, M., Menzel, R., Bawaked, S. M., Mokhtar, M., Obaid, A. Y., Basahel, S. N., & Shaffer, M. S. P. (2017). Hybrid effects in graphene oxide/carbon nanotube-supported layered double hydroxides: Enhancing the CO2 sorption properties. Carbon, 123, 616-627. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2017.07.094

Duan, Q., Lee, J., Liu, Y., & Qi, H. (2016). Preparation and photocatalytic performance of MWCNTs/TiO2 nanocomposites for degradation of aqueous substrate. Journal of Chemistry, 2016 doi:10.1155/2016/1262017

Eddy, D. R., Puri, F. N., & Noviyanti, A. R. (2015). Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of silica-based sand quartz as the supporting TiO 2 photocatalyst. Procedia Chem, 17, 55-58. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Fadillah, G., Saleh, T. A., & Wahyuningsih, S. (2019). Enhanced electrochemical degradation of 4-nitrophenol molecules using novel Ti/TiO2-NiO electrodes. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 289 doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111108

Fudzi, L. M., Zainal, Z., Lim, H. N., Chang, S. -., Holi, A. M., & Ali, M. S. -. (2018). Effect of temperature and growth time on vertically aligned ZnO nanorods by simplified hydrothermal technique for photoelectrochemical cells. Materials, 11(5) doi:10.3390/ma11050704

Greenwood, N. N., & Earnshaw, A. (1984). Chemistry of the Elements, Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Habib, M. A., Shahadat, M. T., Bahadur, N. M., Ismail, I. M. I., & Mahmood, A. J. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposites and their application as photocatalysts. Int.Nano Lett., 3(1), 1-8. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Hakki, H. K., Allahyari, S., Rahemi, N., & Tasbihi, M. (2019). Surface properties, adherence, and photocatalytic activity of sol–gel dip-coated TiO2–ZnO films on glass plates. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 22(5), 393-405. doi:10.1016/j.crci.2019.05.007

Hardcastle, F. D. (2011). Raman spectroscopy of titania (TiO2) nanotubular water-splitting catalysts. J Ark Acad Sci, 65, 43-48. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Hellen, N., Park, H., & Kim, K. -. (2018). Characterization of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites prepared via the sol-gel method. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 55(2), 140-144. doi:10.4191/kcers.2018.55.2.10

Ho, K. C., Teow, Y. H., Mohammad, A. W., Ang, W. L., & Lee, P. H. (2018). Development of graphene oxide (GO)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite conductive membranes for electrically enhanced fouling mitigation. Journal of Membrane Science, 552, 189-201. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.001

Hodkiewicz, J. (2010). Characterizing carbon materials with raman spectroscopy. Characterizing Carbon Materials with Raman Spectroscopy, Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Hosseini, F., Kasaeian, A., Pourfayaz, F., Sheikhpour, M., & Wen, D. (2018). Novel ZnO-Ag/MWCNT nanocomposite for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 83, 175-185. doi:10.1016/j.mssp.2018.04.042

Huang, F., Yan, A., & Zhao, H. (2016). Influences of doping on photocatalytic properties of TiO2 photocatalyst. Semiconductor Photocatalysis-Materials, Mechanisms and Applications, , 31-80. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Huang, Y., Chen, D., Hu, X., Qian, Y., & Li, D. (2018). Preparation of TiO2/carbon nanotubes/reduced graphene oxide composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B. Nanomaterials, 8(6) doi:10.3390/nano8060431

Hummers, W. S., & Offeman, R. E. (1958). Preparation of graphitic oxide. J.Am.Chem.Soc., 208(1937) Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Ivanova, M. V., Lamprecht, C., Jimena Loureiro, M., Torin Huzil, J., & Foldvari, M. (2012). Pharmaceutical characterization of solid and dispersed carbon nanotubes as nanoexcipients. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 7, 403-415. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Jiang, T., Zhang, L., Ji, M., Wang, Q., Zhao, Q., Fu, X., & Yin, H. (2013). Carbon nanotubes/TiO2 nanotubes composite photocatalysts for efficient degradation of methyl orange dye. Particuology, 11(6), 737-742. doi:10.1016/j.partic.2012.07.008

Kalpana, V. N., & Devi Rajeswari, V. (2018). A review on green synthesis, biomedical applications, and toxicity studies of ZnO NPs. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 2018 doi:10.1155/2018/3569758

Katheresan, V., Kansedo, J., & Lau, S. Y. (2018). Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 4676-4697. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2018.06.060

Kaur, K., & Jeet, K. (2017). Electrical conductivity of water- based nanofluids prepared with graphene–carbon nanotube hybrid. Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 25(12), 726-734. doi:10.1080/1536383X.2017.1389906

Khan, Z., Chetia, T. R., Vardhaman, A. K., Barpuzary, D., Sastri, C. V., & Qureshi, M. (2012). Visible light assisted photocatalytic hydrogen generation and organic dye degradation by CdS-metal oxide hybrids in presence of graphene oxide. RSC Advances, 2(32), 12122-12128. doi:10.1039/c2ra21596a

Khojasteh, H., Salavati-Niasari, M., & Sangsefidi, F. S. (2018). Photocatalytic evaluation of RGO/TiO2NWs/Pd-ag nanocomposite as an improved catalyst for efficient dye degradation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 746, 611-618. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.345

Koay, H. W., Ruslinda, A. R., Hashwan, S. S. B., Fatin, M. F., Thivina, V., Tony, V. C. S., . . . Hashim, U. (2016). Surface morphology of reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotubes hybrid film for bio-sensing applications. Paper presented at the IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics, Proceedings, ICSE, , 2016-September 320-323. doi:10.1109/SMELEC.2016.7573656 Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Kumar, A., Madaria, A. R., & Zhou, C. (2010). Growth of aligned single-crystalline rutile TiO2 nanowires on arbitrary substrates and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(17), 7787-7792. doi:10.1021/jp100491h

Kumar, S. G., & Rao, K. S. R. K. (2015). Zinc oxide based photocatalysis: Tailoring surface-bulk structure and related interfacial charge carrier dynamics for better environmental applications. RSC Advances, 5(5), 3306-3351. doi:10.1039/c4ra13299h

Latthe, S. S., Gurav, A. B., Maruti, C. S., & Vhatkar, R. S. (2012). Recent progress in preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces: A review. J.Surf.Eng.Mater.Adv.Technol., 2(2), 76-94. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Li Bassi, A., Cattaneo, D., Russo, V., Bottani, C. E., Barborini, E., Mazza, T., . . . Pratsinis, S. E. (2005). Raman spectroscopy characterization of titania nanoparticles produced by flame pyrolysis: The influence of size and stoichiometry. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(7) doi:10.1063/1.2061894

Liu, B., & Aydil, E. S. (2009). Growth of oriented single-crystalline rutile TiO 2 nanorods on transparent conducting substrates for dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(11), 3985-3990. doi:10.1021/ja8078972

Liu, J., Wang, Y., Ma, J., Peng, Y., & Wang, A. (2019). A review on bidirectional analogies between the photocatalysis and antibacterial properties of ZnO. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 783, 898-918. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.12.330

Liu, P., Cai, W., Fang, M., Li, Z., Zeng, H., Hu, J., . . . Jing, W. (2009). Room temperature synthesized rutile TiO2 nanoparticles induced by laser ablation in liquid and their photocatalytic activity. Nanotechnology, 20(28) doi:10.1088/0957-4484/20/28/285707

Liu, Y. (2017). Application of graphene oxide in water treatment. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, , 94(1) doi:10.1088/1755-1315/94/1/012060 Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Ma, H. L., Yang, J. Y., Dai, Y., Zhang, Y. B., Lu, B., & Ma, G. H. (2007). Raman study of phase transformation of TiO 2 rutile single crystal irradiated by infrared femtosecond laser. Applied Surface Science, 253(18), 7497-7500. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.03.047

Mahmoodi, N. M. (2013). Photocatalytic degradation of dyes using carbon nanotube and titania nanoparticle. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 224(7) doi:10.1007/s11270-013-1612-3

Malek, M. F., Mamat, M. H., Soga, T., Rahman, S. A., Bakar, S. A., Ismail, A. S., . . . Mahmood, M. R. (2016). Thickness-controlled synthesis of vertically aligned c-axis oriented ZnO nanorod arrays: Effect of growth time via novel dual sonication sol-gel process. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 55(1) doi:10.7567/JJAP.55.01AE15

Mali, S. S., Shinde, P. S., Betty, C. A., Bhosale, P. N., Lee, W. J., & Patil, P. S. (2011). Nanocoral architecture of TiO 2 by hydrothermal process: Synthesis and characterization. Applied Surface Science, 257(23), 9737-9746. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.05.119

Maučec, D., Šuligoj, A., Ristić, A., Dražić, G., Pintar, A., & Tušar, N. N. (2018). Titania versus zinc oxide nanoparticles on mesoporous silica supports as photocatalysts for removal of dyes from wastewater at neutral pH. Catalysis Today, 310, 32-41. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2017.05.061

Min, C., Liu, D., Shen, C., Zhang, Q., Song, H., Li, S., . . . Zhang, K. (2018). Unique synergistic effects of graphene oxide and carbon nanotube hybrids on the tribological properties of polyimide nanocomposites. Tribology International, 117, 217-224. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.09.006

Mohd Adnan, M. A., Julkapli, N. M., & Abd Hamid, S. B. (2016). Review on ZnO hybrid photocatalyst: Impact on photocatalytic activities of water pollutant degradation. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry, 36(2), 77-104. doi:10.1515/revic-2015-0015

Mokhtar, S. M., Ahmad, M. K., Soon, C. F., Nafarizal, N., Faridah, A. B., Suriani, A. B., . . . Murakami, K. (2018). Fabrication and characterization of rutile-phased titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods array with various reaction times using one step hydrothermal method. Optik, 154, 510-515. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.10.091

Morales-Torres, S., & Pastrana-Martínez, L. M. (2014). Nanostructured carbon–TiO2 photo-catalysts for water purification: An overview. El Bol.Del Grupo Español Del Carbón, 32, 9-14. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Muda, M. R., Ramli, M. M., Mat Isa, S. S., Halin, D. S. C., Talip, L. F. A., Mazelan, N. S., . . . Danial, N. A. (2017). Structural and morphological investigation for water-processed graphene Oxide/Single-walled carbon nanotubes hybrids. Paper presented at the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, , 209(1) doi:10.1088/1757-899X/209/1/012030 Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Mulmi, D. D., Thapa, D., Dahal, B., Baral, D., & Solanki, P. R. (2016). Spectroscopic studies of boron doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Int.J.Mater.Sci.Eng., 4, 172-178. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Naknikham, U., Boffa, V., Magnacca, G., Qiao, A., Jensen, L. R., & Yue, Y. (2017). Mutual-stabilization in chemically bonded graphene oxide-TiO2 heterostructures synthesized by a sol-gel approach. RSC Advances, 7(65), 41217-41227. doi:10.1039/c7ra07472g

Neelgund, G. M., & Oki, A. R. (2016). Influence of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets on photothermal effect of hydroxyapatite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 484, 135-145. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.078

Nenavathu, B. P., Kandula, S., & Verma, S. (2018). Visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of safranin-T dye using functionalized graphene oxide nanosheet (FGS)/ZnO nanocomposites. RSC Advances, 8(35), 19659-19667. doi:10.1039/c8ra02237b

Nurhafizah, M. D., Suriani, A. B., Alfarisa, S., Mohamed, A., Isa, I. M., Kamari, A., . . . Mahmood, M. R. (2015). The synthesis of graphene oxide via electrochemical exfoliation method. Adv.Mater.Res., 1109, 55-59. Retrieved from www.scopus.com

Ong, C. B., Ng, L. Y., & Mohammad, A. W. (2018). A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 536-551. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.020

Poorebrahimi, S., & Norouzbeigi, R. (2015). A facile solution-immersion process for the fabrication of superhydrophobic gibbsite films with a binary micro-nano structure: Effective factors optimization via taguchi method. Applied Surface Science, 356, 157-166. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.172

Prathan, A., Sanglao, J., Wang, T., Bhoomanee, C., Ruankham, P., Gardchareon, A., & Wongratanaphisan, D. (2020). Controlled structure and growth mechanism behind hydrothermal growth of TiO2 nanorods. Scientific Reports, 10(1) doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64510-6

Qi, K., Cheng, B., Yu, J., & Ho, W. (2017). Review on the improvement of the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of ZnO. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 727, 792-820. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.142

Qiu, J., Zhang, P., Ling, M., Li, S., Liu, P., Zhao, H., & Zhang, S. (2012). Photocatalytic synthesis of TiO 2 and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for lithium ion battery. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 4(7), 3636-3642. doi:10.1021/am300722d

Raliya, R., Avery, C., Chakrabarti, S., & Biswas, P. (2017). Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye by pristine titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and graphene oxide nanostructures and their composites under visible light irradiation. Applied Nanoscience (Switzerland), 7(5), 253-259. doi:10.1007/s13204-017-0565-z

Steplin Paul Selvin, S., Radhika, N., Borang, O., Sharmila Lydia, I., & Princy Merlin, J. (2017). Visible light driven photodegradation of rhodamine B using cysteine capped ZnO/GO nanocomposite as photocatalyst. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28(9), 6722-6730. doi:10.1007/s10854-017-6367-y