Anumudu, C. I., Adebayo, A., Gboyega-Tokunbo, A., Awobode, H., & Isokpehi, R.
D. (2019). Self-Assessed Metacognitive Awareness among Students of the University of Ibadan,
Nigeria. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 9(3), 185-193
Alkan, F., & Erdem, E. (2014). The Relationship between Metacognitive Awareness, Teacher
Self-efficacy and Chemistry Competency Perceptions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143,
778–783. doi: 10. 1016/j. sbspro. 2014.
07. 475
Alokan, F. B. & Arijesuyo,A.E. (2013). Rural and Urban Differential in Student’s Academic
Performance among Secondary School Students In Ondo State, Nigeria. Journal of Educational and
Social Research Vol 3 (3), 213-217
Artzt, A. F. & Armour-Thomas, E.: 1992, ‘Development of a cognitive-metacognitive framework for
protocol analysis of mathematical problem solving in small groups’, Cognition and Instruction 9,
137–175.
Baker, L., &brown, A. L. (1984). Metacognitive skills of reading. In D. Pearson, R. Bar, M. Kamil,
& P. Mosenthal (Eds.), Handbook Of Reading Research (pp. 353-394). New York: Longman.
Bellou, Ε. (2017). Assessment of student performance: A factor that shapes the effectiveness of
school’s educational work (Master’s thesis, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece).
Retrieved from http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/handle/123456789/28907
Bogdanovic, I., Obadovic, D.Z., Cvjeticanin, S., Segedinac, M. & Budić, S. (2015). Students’
Metacognitive Awareness and Physics Learning Efficiency and Correlation between Them. European
Journal Of Physics Education. 6. DOI:10.20308/ejpe.96231.
Brown, A. (1987). Metacognition, executive control, self-regulation, and other more mysterious
mechanisms. In Weinert, F., and Kluwe, R. (eds.), Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding,
Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 65–116.
Çetin, B. (2017). Metacognition and Self-regulated Learning in Predicting University Students'
Academic Achievement in Turkey. Journal of Education and Training Studies Volume 5 (4), 132-138.
Corebima Aloysius, D. (2015). The Contribution Of Learning Motivation And Metacognitive Skill On
Cognitive Learning Outcome Of Students Within Different Learning Strategies. Journal of Baltic
Science Education 14. 487- 500.
Blessinger, P. (2015). Educational Research Methodology Framework. Higher Education Tomorrow,
2(11). Retrieved from
http://www.patrickblessinger.com/ermf
Check J., Schutt R. K. (2012). Survey research. Research methods in
education. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 159–185.
Chong, S.Y., Wong, J.T. & Abdul Halim Abdullah (2016). Pencapaian Matematik TIMSS 1999, 2003, 2007,
2011 dan 2015: Di Mana Kedudukan Malaysia Dalam Kalangan Negara Asia Tenggara?. Malaysian Journal
of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Education, 54-109
Chua, Y. (2014). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Selangor: mcGraw-Hill education(Malaysia) Sdn.
Bhd.
Dağal, A. B., & Bayindir, D. (2016).The investigation of the level of self-directed learning
readiness according to the locus of control and personality traits of preschool teacher
candidates.International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education,8(3),391-402
Dang, N.V., Chiang, J. C., Brown, H.M. & McDonald, K.K. (2018). Curricular Activities that Promote
Metacognitive Skills Impact Lower-Performing Students in an Introductory Biology Course : Journal
Of Microbiology & Biology Education, 19 (1), 1 - 9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v19i1.1324
De Boer, H., Donker, A. S., Kostons, D. D. N. M., & van der Werf, G. P. C. (2018). Long-term
effects of metacognitive strategy instruction on student academic performance: A meta-analysis.
Educational Research Review, 24, 98–115. doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2018.03.002
Fauzi Hussin, Jamal Ali & Mohd Saifoul Zamzuri Noor. (2014). Kaedah Penyelidikan & Analisis Data
SPSS. Sintok: Penerbit Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Flavell, J. H. (1976). Metacognitive aspects of problem solving. In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), The nature
of intelligence (pp.231-236). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of
cognitive–developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911.
Ghaleb AL-Baddareen, Souad Ghaith & Mutasem Akoura . (2015). Self-Efficacy, Achievement Goals,
and Metacognition as Predicators of Academic Motivation . Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences Volume 191 , 2068- 2073.
Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur:
Universiti Malaya.
Garner, R. (1987). Metacognition and Reading Comprehension. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing,
Theoretical Overview 38 (1990). When children and adults do not use learning strategics: Toward a
theory of IT settings. Review of Educational. Research, 60: 517-529.
Hargrove, R. (2012). Accessing the Long Term Impact of A Metacognitive Approach To Creative Skill
Development. International Journal of Technology and
Design Education, 23(3): 487-517
Hosein, A., & Harle, J. (2018). The relationship between students’ prior mathematical attainment,
knowledge and confidence on their self-assessment accuracy. Studies in Educational
Evaluation, 56(2018), 32-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2017.10.008
Irfan Mustaq & Sabana Nawaz Khan. (Jun 2012). Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance.
Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 121-125.
Jacobs, J.E., & Paris, S.G. (1987). Children's metacognition about reading: Issues in definition,
measurement, and instruction. Educational Psychology, 22, 255- 278.
Jain D., Tiwari G. K. & Awasthi I. D. (2017). Impact of Metacognitive Awareness on Academic
Adjustment and Academic Outcome of the Students. International Journal of Indian Psychology, Vol.
5, (1), DIP: 18.01.034/20170501, DOI: 10.25215/0501.034
Kamarul Azmi Jasmi (2012). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan dalam Kajian Kualitatif.
Kursus Penyelidikan Kualitatif Siri 1 2012
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia
KPM. (2019). PENGUMUMAN PENCAPAIAN MALAYSIA DI PISA 2018. source:
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia Official Site:
https://www.moe.gov.my/en/menumedia/electronic-media/news-and-
activities/pengumuman-pencapaian-malaysia-di-pisa-2018
KementerianPendidikanMalaysia. (2016). Laporan PISA 2016. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
KementerianPendidikanMalaysia. (2020). Laporan Kebangsaan TIMSS 2019.
Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Krejcie, R.V. dan Morgan D.W. (1970), ‘Determining Sample Saiz for Research Activities’,
Educational and Pschologically Measurement, Vol.30:607-610: University of Minnesota
Kuhn, D. & Dean, D. (2004). A bridge between cognitive psychology and educational practice. Theory
into Practice, 43(4), 268-273.
Kyairaniah Abu Hassan, Mohd Isa Hamzah & Maimun Aqsha Lubis (2017). Tahap Kemahiran Metakognitif
Murid Sekolah Menengah Di Kawasan Felda Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam : ASEAN Comparative
Education Research Journal on Islam and Civilization (ACER-J), 1(1), 94-106.
Kyriakides, L., Anthimou, M., Panayiotou, A. (2020). Searching for the impact of teacher behavior
on promoting students’cognitive and metacognitive skills.
Studies in Educational Evaluation Volume 64, 1-14.
Langdon, J., Botnaru, D.T.,Wittenberg, M., Riggs, A.J., Mutchler, J. & Syno, M., Caciula, M.C.
(414-422). Examining the effects of different teaching strategies on metacognition and. Adv Physiol
Educ 43, 2019.
Louca, Eleonora. (2003). The concept and instruction of metacognition. Teacher Development. doi:7.
10.1080/13664530300200184.
Lodico, M. S. (2006). Methods in Educational Research: From Theory to Practice.
San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass.
Marjan, M. (2018). Vocational Training: Research and Realities, 29(1), 3-18
Medina, M.S., Castleberry, A.N. & Persky, A.M. (2017). Strategies for Improving Learner
Metacognition in Health Professional Education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 81 (4)
, 1-14
Miller, G. E. (1985). The effects of general and specific self-instruction training on children's
comprehension monitoring performances during reading.Reading Research Quarterly, 20, 616–628.
Munakata, Y., Snyder, H.R. dan Chatham, C.H. (2016). Developing Cognitive Control: Three Key
Transitions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(2) , 71 - 77. doi:
10.1177/0963721412436807
Nasriah Hussain (1997) Pencapaian Akademik Pelajar-Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Luar Bandar. Masters
thesis, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Nazarieh, M. (2016). A Brief History of Metacognition and Principles of Metacognitive
Instruction in Learning. BEST: Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Sciences 2(12) , 61-64.
Nelson and Narens, T. O. (1990). Metamemory: A theoretical framework and new findings. Psychology
of Learning and Motivation, 26, 125–173.
Norehan Zulkiply (2006) Metacognition and its relationship with students' academic performance. In:
National Student Development Conference (NASDEC) 2006, 8-9 August 2006, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Norhidayah Ali, Kamaruzaman Jusoff, Syukriah Ali, Najah Mokhtar, Azni Syafena Andin Salama. (2009).
‘The Factors Influencing Students’ Performance at Universiti Teknologi MARA Kedah, Malaysia.
Canadian Research & Development Center of Sciences and Cultures: 3(4). 81-90
Noor Hidayah Ibrahim & Zanaton Ikhsan. (2017). Strategi metakognitif untuk kemahiran berfikir aras
tinggi dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Simposium Pendidikan diPeribadikan: Perspektif
Risalah An-Nur, 131-139.
Nur Aisyah Mohamed, Zamri Mahamod & Sharala Subramaniam. (2013). Kemahiran Meta Kognitif dan
Hubungannya dengan Jantina, Jenis Sekolah dan Pencapaian Murid dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa
Melayu . Jurnal Pendidikan
Malaysia 38(2) , 23-32.
Owoeye, J. & Yara, P.O. . (2011). School Location and Academic Achievement of Secondary School in
Ekiti State, Nigeria . Asian Social Science Volume 7 (5), 170-175.
Ohtani, K., & Hisasaka, T. (2018). Beyond intelligence: a meta-analytic review of the relationship
among metacognition, intelligence, and academic performance. Metacognition and Learning, 13(2),
179–212. doi:10.1007/s11409-018-9183-
8
Öz, H. (2016). Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Motivation: A CrossSectional Study in
Teacher Education Context of Turkey . Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 232, 109-121.
Papanthymou,A & Darra, M. (2019). The Contribution of Learner Self-Assessment for Improvement of
Learning and Teaching Process: A Review. Journal of Education and Learning,8(1), 48-64.
Perry, J., Lundie, D., & Golder, G. (2018). Metacognition in schools: what does the literature
suggest about the effectiveness of teaching metacognition in schools? Educational Review, 1–18.
doi:10.1080/00131911.2018.1441127
Ponto, J. (2015). Understanding and Evaluating Survey Research. Journal of the Advanced
Practitioner in Oncology , 168-171.
Rasha Abdellah (2015). Metacognitive Awareness and its Relation to Academic Achievement and
Teaching Performance of Pre-service Female Teachers in Ajman University in UAE. Procedia - Social
and Behavioral Sciences, 174 , 560 - 567. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.707
Sajna, J. & Premachandran, P. (2016). A Study on the Metacognitive Awareness of Secondary School
Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4 , 165 - 172. doi: 10.13189/ujer.2016.040121.
Schneider, W., & Pressley. M. (1989). Memory Development between 2 and 20. New York :Springer.
Schraw, G., Crippen, K. J., & Hartley, K. (2006). Promoting self-regulation in science education:
Metacognition as part of a broader perspective on learning. Research in Science Education, 36,
111-139.
Schraw, G. dan Dennison, R .S. (1994). Assessing Metacognitive Awareness.
Contemporary Educational Psychology 19 , 460-475.
Schraw, G., & Moshman, D. (1995). Metacognitive Theories. Educational Psychology and
Publications, 40, 117-137. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/edpsypapers/40
Scott, B.M. & Levy, M.G. (2013). Metacognition: Examining The Components Of A
Fuzzy Concept. Educational Research eJournal-ISSN 2254-0385 , 120-131.
Shahlan Surat, Shalinawati Ramli & Saemah Rahman. (2013). Sumbangan Elemen Metakognitif Terhadap
Pencapaian Penulisan Karangan. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu Volume 2 Bilangan 2 , 79-91.
Siti Masayu Rosliah Abdul Rashid & Narimah Samat. (2018). Kemiskinan Keluarga Dan Pengaruhnya
Terhadap Tahap Pendidikan Rendah Masyarakat Luar Bandar: Kajian Kes Di Jajahan Bachok, Kelantan.
Journal of Social Science and Humanities Volume 13 (2), 11-23.
Somerville, L. H., Sasse, S. F., Garrad, M. C., Drysdale, A. T., Akar, N. A., Insel, C., & Wilson,
R. C. (2017). Charting the expansion of strategic exploratory behavior during adolescence. Journal
of Experimental Psychology. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000250
Stephanou,G., Mpiontini, M. (2017). Metacognitive Knowledge and Metacognitive Regulation in
Self-Regulatory Learning Style, and in Its Effects on Performance Expectation and Subsequent
Performance across Diverse School Subjects. Psychology, 8, 1941-1975. Retrieved from
http://www.scirp.org/journal/psych
Suman & Yadava, A. (Indian Journal of Health and Well-being). Cognitive predictors of academic
achievement in middle school students. Indian Journal of Health and Well-being, 9(1), 158-162.
Taasoobshirazi, G., & Farley, J. (2013). Construct Validation of the Physics Metacognition
Inventory. International Journal of Science Education, 35(3), 447–459.
doi:10.1080/09500693.2012.750433
Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique
for Research . International Journal of Academic Research in Management Volume 5(2) , 18-27.
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate,. (2017). Cambridge Assessment
International Education. Retrieved from http://www.cambridgeinternational.org/pdq:
https://cambridge- community.org.uk/professional-development/gswmeta/index.html
Van der Stel, M., & Veenman, M. (2014). Metacognitive skills and intellectual ability of young
adolescents: A longitudinal study from a developmental perspective. European Journal of
Psychology of Education, 29(1), 117-137. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43551129
Veas, A., Castejon, J., Minano, P. & Gilar-Corbi, R. (2018). Relationship between parent
involvement and academic achievement through metacognitive strategies: A multiple multilevel
mediation analysis. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1-19.
Welch, P., Young, L., Johnson, P. & Lindsay D. . (2018, 5 15). Metacognitive awareness and the link
with undergraduate examination performance and
clinical reasoning. MedEdPublish, 1-18. Retrieved from MedEdPublish.
Winnie, P.H. dan Baker, R. (2013). The Potentials of Educational Data Mining for Researching
Metacognition, Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning . Journal of Educational Data Mining,
Volume 5 (1) , 1-8.
Yahya Othman dan Maszuraimah Muizz Sulaiman. (2013). Aplikasi Strategi Kesedaran Metakognisi Semasa
Membaca Teks Moden Dan Klasik Dalam Kalangan Murid Prauniversiti . Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu
Volume 3
(1) , 61-71.
York, T.T., Gibson, C. & Rankin S. (2015). Defining and Measuring Academic Success . Practical
Assessment, Research and Evaluation Volume 20 (5), 1-20.
Zohar, A. & Barzilai, S. (2015). Metacognition and Teaching Higher-Order Thinking (HOT) in Science
Education: Students' Learning, Teachers' Knowledge, and Instructional Practices, Routledge
International Handbook Of Research On Teaching Thinking, 229-242
Zuraidah Abdullah et al. 2019. Pengaruh Pembelajaran Akademik Anak-Anak Keluarga Fakir Miskin Di
Sekolah-Sekolah Selangor. JuPiDi: Jurnal
Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 6(2), 44-70