Ahmad Zahid Hamidi. (2017). POCA Nafas Baharu Banteras Jenayah. Putrajaya:

Institut Keselamatan Awam Malaysia (IPSOM).

 

Akhbar Metro. (22 February, 2019). Nyaris ditetak penyamun dalam kawasan rumah. Retrieved       24  

     February,       2019,       from 

https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2019/02/425951/nyaris-ditetak- penyamun-metrotv.

 

Akhbar Sinar Harian. (2 December, 2018). Sekatan ke atas beberapa akta ditarik balik. Retrieved     

  2       December,       2018,       from 

http://www.sinarharian.com.my/nasional/sekatan-ke-atas-beberapa-akta- ditarik-balik-1.911184.

 

Akhbar Sinar Harian. (10 January, 2019). Jangan mansuh tapi tambah baik. Retrieved

13           October,           2019,           from 

https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/6751/BERITA/Nasional/Jangan- mansuh-tapi-tambah-baik

 

Akhbar Utusan. (7 September, 2016). 174 ditahan bawah Akta POCA. Retrieved 24 November, 2018, from 

http://www.utusan.com.my/berita/jenayah/174-ditahan- bawah-akta-poca-1.379529.

 

Allan, & Pease, B. (2016). The Definitive Book of Body Language. New York: Bantam Dell.

 

Allen, L. C., Mackenzie, D. L., & Hickman, L. J. (2001). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral 

Treatment for Adult Offenders: A Methodological, Quality-Based Review.  International  Journal  of  

Offender  Therapy  and  Comparative Criminology.

 

American Psychiatric Association. (2000a). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 

(Vols. 4., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.

 

Amin Al Haadi Shafie, Azad Athahiri Anuar, Norsayyidatina Che Rozudi, Wan Ahmad Zakry Wan 

Kamaruddin, Nurul Ashikin Miskam, & Musa Mohamad. (2018). Menangani relaps dengan teknik terapi 

tingkah laku dan kognitif (CBT). Journal of Islamic Social Sciences and Humanities, 13, 39-47.

 

Amran Hassan, Fatimah Yusooff, & Khadijah Alavi. (2014). Pengaruh faktor kesepaduan (kefungsian 

keluarga) dan kemahiran keibubapaan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologi dalam kalangan ibu bapa dan 

anak. Sains Humanika,

3(1), 99-105.

 

Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings,

and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 78, 722-790.

 

Ary, D., Jacobs, L., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to Research (6th ed.).

Wadsworth: Belmont.

 

Aziyah Abu Bakar. (2008). Hubungan Pola Komunikasi Keluarga dengan Gaya

Keibubapaan dan Kejelekitan dalam Keluarga. Master thesis, Universiti Putra

Malaysia (unpublished).

 

Azizi Yahaya, Nordin Yahya, & Zurihanmi Zakariya. (2007). Psikologi Kognitif.

Skudai: Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Bahagian D7, Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah, Ibu Pejabat Polis Bukit Aman. (2019). Statistik

Kemasukan Orang Tahanan POCA ke Pusat Pemulihan Khas sejak tahun 2014

sehingga 24hb. April 2019. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian D7, Jabatan Siasatan

Jenayah, Ibu Pejabat Polis Bukit Aman (Laporan Dalaman).

 

Bahagian D7, Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah, Ibu Pejabat Polis Bukit Aman. (2019). Statistik

Pecahan Kes Tangkapan di bawah Akta Pencegahan Jenayah 1959 mulai tahun

2014 sehingga 24hb. Februari 2019. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian D7, Jabatan

Siasatan Jenayah, Ibu Pejabat Polis Bukit Aman (Laporan Dalaman).

 

Becker, G. S. (1968). 'Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach'. Journal of

Political Economy, 76(2): 169-217.

 

Bell, P. A., Greene, T. C., Fisher, J. D., & Baum, A. (2001). Environmental psychology

(5th ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

 

Berita Harian. (6 February, 2016). Dua beranak dikenakan perintah tahanan POCA.

Retrieved 18 November, 2018, from http://www.bharian.com.my/node/121651

 

Bivans, S. (2013). The use of projective drawings as interpreted through self

psychology to activate stages of change in the treatment of substance abuse.

(ProQuest Dissertations Publishing). Pacifica Graduate Institute.

 

Bluestein, V. (1978). Loss of loved ones and the drawing of dead or broken branches

on the HTP. Psychology in the Schools, 15(3), 364-366.

 

Box, S. (1987). Reccession, Crime and Punishment. London: Macmillan.

 

Brantingham, P. J., & Brantingham, P. L. (1978). 'A Theoretical Model of Crime Site

Selection'. In M. Kron, & R. Akers, Crime, Law and Sanctions, Sage Research

Progress Series in Criminology (Vol. 6). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.

 

Brantingham, P. J., & Brantingham, P. L. (1981). Environmental Criminology. Beverly

Hills, CA: Sage.

 

Burke, R. H. (2014). An Introduction to Criminological Theory (4th ed.). New York:

Routledge.

 

Burns, R. C. (2009). Kinetic-House-Tree-Person Drawing (K-H-T-P) An Interpretative

Manual. New York: Routledge.

 

Cassel, E., & Bernstein, D. (2015). Criminal Behavior (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

 

Cohan, R. J., & Mark, E. S. (2000). Psychological testing and assessment. Singapore:

McGraw-Hill.

 

Colman, A. M. (2015). Dictionary of Psychology (4th ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford

University Press.

 

Corey, G. (2013). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (9th ed.).

Canada: Brooks/Cole.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods

approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research : Planning, conducting, and evaluating

quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson.

 

Cutcliffe, J. R., & Mckenna, H. P. (2004). Expert qualitative researcher and the use of

audit trail. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45(2), 126-135.

 

Denton, K., & Krebs, D. (1990). From the scene to the crime: The effect of alcohol and

social context on moral judgment. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 59, 242-248.

 

Ee, A. M., Suppiah Nachiappan, & Taquddin Abd Mukti. (2011). Perkhidmatan

Bimbingan & Kaunseling. Selangor: Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.

 

Fox, N. (1998). Trent Focus for Research and Development in Primary Health Care:

How to Use Observation in a Research Project. Trent Focus.

 

Freedman, J. L. (2002). Media violence and its effect on aggression: Assessing the

scientific evidence. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press.

 

Gannetion, L., Janting, M. M., Rosli, N. D., Baharuddin, R. N., Saat, G. A., Kamin, K.,

& et al. (2018). Psychotherapy for Prison Populations: A Review. ASEAN

Journal of Psychiatry, 19, 2231-7805.

 

Habibah Elias, & Noran Fauziah Yaakub. (2006). Psikologi Personaliti. Kuala Lumpur:

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

 

Hasnizam Hashim, Norman Zakiyy, Chow, J. C., & Ramalinggam Rajamanickam.

(2018). Program Pemulihan di dalam Penjara bagi Pesalah Jenayah: Kajian di

Jabatan Penjara Malaysia. JUUM (ISU KHAS), 72-85.

 

Hirschi, T. (1969). Cause of Delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

 

Kamus Dewan (4th ed.). (2015). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

 

Karr-Morse, R., & Wiley, M. (1997). Ghosts from the nursery: Tracing the roots of

violence. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press.

 

Kato, D., & Suzuki, M. (2016). Personality Traits and the Expression Area of Synthetic

House-Tree-Person Drawings in Early Adolescent Japanese. Psychological

Thought, 9(1), 67-74.

 

Kohlberg, L. (1964). The development of moral character. In M. D. Hoffman(Ed.).

Child development. New York: Sage.

 

Lee, E. J. (2019). Correlations among depressive symptoms, personality, and synthetic

House-Tree-Person drawings in South Korean adults. J-STAGE, 61(4), 211-220.

 

Leow, C. S., Leong, V., & Atikah Adom. (2013). BODY LANGUAGE EXPOSED: Find

Out How Your Body Can Betray You. Manchester: Human Behaviour Academy

Ltd.

 

Lijuan, S., Guifang, Y., Qian, P., Chunfang, X., & Liping, Z. (2019). Synthetic House-

Tree-Person Drawing Test: A New Method for Screening Anxiety in Cancer

Patients. Journal of Oncology.

 

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Link, B., & Stueve, C. (1994). Psychotic symptoms and the violent/illegal behavior of

mental patients compared to community controls. In J. Monahan & H. Steadman

(Eds.). Violence and mental disorder: Development in risk assessment, (pp.

137-159).

 

Mahadzirah Mohamad, Ahmad Rusdi Abdullah, Wan Norhayati Mohamed, & Manan

Ali. (2013). Positive youth development, satisfaction and problem behaviour

model amongst Malaysian youth population. Journal of Business and Social

Development, 1(1), 21-28.

 

Marsh, K. I. (1990). A multidimensional, hierarchical model of self-concept:

Theoretical and empirical justification. Journal of Educational Psychology

Review 2, 77-172.

 

Mason, J. (1996). Qualitative researching. London: Sage.

 

Maznah Othman, Norulhuda Sarnon, & Ezarina Zakaria. (2019). Meneroka kefungsian

keluarga remaja perempuan tidak terkawal yang dirujuk ibu bapa untuk

intervensi kerja sosial. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 16(9), 86-

101.

 

McLeod, J. (2009). An Introduction Counseling (4th ed.). Berkshire: Open University

Press.

 

Mehrabian, A. (1971). Silent Messages. California: Wadsworth, Belmont.

 

Melati Sumari, Ida Hartina Ahmed Tharbe, Norfaezah Md Khalid, & Azmawaty

Mohamad Nor. (2014). Teori Kaunseling dan Psikoterapi. Kuala Lumpur:

Penerbit Universiti Malaya.

 

Meloy, J. R. (1992). The Psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment.

Northvale, NJ: Aronson.

 

Merriam, S. B. (1998). Case study research in education: A Qualitative approach. San

Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

 

Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education.

San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

 

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education

(2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

 

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation.

United States of America: Jossy-Bass.

 

Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip. (2008). Successful motivational counseling to

the university: Modules and self-directed activities create success for the

university. Tanjong Malim: Publisher of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip. (2018). Neo-CBT Cognitive Behavioral

Therapy. Tanjung Malim: I Psychology and Counseling Academy.

 

Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip, Mohd Radhi Abu Shahim, & Nurul Syahirah

Husin. (2018). Development, Validity and Reliability of Art Drawing House-

Tree-Person (AD-HTP) Module among the Counselor in Malaysia.

International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,

8(10), 676-691.

 

Mohd Alif Jasni, Siti Hajar Abu Bakar Ah, Jal Zabdi Mohd Yusoff, Khairiyah Md

Shahid, Noralina Omar, & Zaiton Azman. (2018). Kekurangan Akses kepada

Jagaan Lanjutan dan Faktor-Faktor Risiko Yang Membawa Kepada Relaps

Dadah dalam Kalangan Bekas Banduan. Jurnal Perspektif , 10(2), 34-44.

 

Mohd Radhi Abu Shahim, & Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip . (2018). Art

Drawing-House-Tree-Person Manual Interpretasi dan Intervensi Psikologi.

Selangor: I Psychology and Counseling Acadeny.

 

Mohd Radhi Abu Shahim, & Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip. (2018). Art

Drawing House-Tree-Person Manual dan Interpretasi Psikologi. Tanjong

Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Mohd Reduan Aslie. (2009). Jenayah. Selangor: Alaf 21 Sdn. Bhd.

 

Mornant, G. G. (1997). Handbook of psychological assessment (3rd ed.). USA: John

Wiley & Son, Inc.

 

Nasir , R., Zainah, A. Z., Khairudin, R., Wan Shahrazad, W. S., Nen, S., & Subhi, N.

(2011). Cognitive distortion as a predictor towards depression among

delinquent adolescents. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities,

19(S), 75-82.

 

Noraini Idris. (2010). PENYELIDIKAN DALAM PENDIDIKAN. KUALA LUMPUR:

McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

 

Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir. (2016). Aspek-Aspek Keluarga dan Penglibatan Remaja

Perempuan dalam Tingkah Laku Delinkuensi. Geografi, 4(2), 54-64.

 

Othman Mohamed. (2013). Prinsip psikoterapi dan pengurusan dalam kaunseling.

Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Parameswary Periasamy. (2017). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan modul kuasa minda

separa sedar berdasarkan terapi kognitif tingkah laku dalam pembangunan

remaja. ICSSR e-Journal of the Social Science Research, 6, 100-115.

 

Patonah Zakaria, Amna Md. Noor, & Azlina Mohd Khir. (2018). Relationship between

self-concept, family relationship and externalizing behavior among adolescents

in Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), 6-16.

 

Perkins, C. F., Wagemaker, H., & Levy, B. (1983). THE HTP AS A MEASURE OF

CHANGE INDIALYZED SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS. Journal of Clinical

Psychology, 39(3), 448-452.

 

Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. New Yorl: International

University Press.

 

Polatajko, H., & Kaiserman, E. (1986). House-Tree-Person Projective Technique: A

validation of its use in occupational therapy. Canadian Journal of Occupational

Therapy, 53(4), 197-207.

 

Punch, K. F. (2001). Introduction to Social Research Quantitative and Qualitative

Approaches . London: Sage.

 

Rasmussen, K., & Levander, S. (1996). Crime and violence among psychiatric patients

in a maximum-security psychiatric hospital. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 23,

455-471.

 

Robson, C. (2002). Real world research: A resource for social scientists and

practitioner-researchers (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.

 

Rogers, C. (1951). Client-Centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications and

Theory. London: Constable.

 

Rohaya Hashim, & Ruhani Mat Min. (2011). Pelajar melanggar disiplin sekolah: Kaitan

interaksi keluarga terhadap konsep kendiri. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 9(2), 14-30.

 

Russell, J. D. (1974). Modular Instruction: A Guide to the Design, Selection, Utilization

and Evaluation of Modular Materials. New York: Publishing Company.

 

Sang, M. S. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan Perancangan dan Pelaksanaan

Penyelidikan Tindakan. Ipoh, Perak: Penerbitan Multimedia Sdn. Bhd.

 

Savitz, L. D. (1972). Introduction. In G. Lombroso-Ferrero (Ed.), Criminal man.

Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith.

 

Sean, K. S., Marisa, E. D., Gary, S. C., Nadine, J. B., & Joseph, P. M. (2017).

Connecting Mentally Ill Detainees in Large Urban Jails with Community Care.

Psychiatric Quarterly, 88(2), 323-333. doi:10.1007/s11126-016-9449-8

 

See, C. M. (2009). Pendekatan Kaunseling. Putrajaya: Lembaga Kaunselor.

 

Seligman, L., & Reichenberg, L. W. (2010). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy.

New Jersey: Pearson Education.

 

Shahrom Hassan. (23 October, 2019). Isyarat Bahasa Badan. (E. C. Lee, Interviewer)

Kuala Lumpur.

 

Stavrou, P. D. (2018). Children's self image following abuse, development of resilience

and family context impact: A Clinical Psychodynamic approach. Advances in

Social Sciences Research Journal, 5(6), 308-329.

 

Sun, R. C., & Shek, D. T. (2009). Life satisfaction, positive youth development and

problem behaviour among chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Social Indicator

Research, 95, 455-474.

 

Taylor, P. J. (1993). Schizophrenia and crime: Distinctive patterns in association. In S.

Hodgins (Ed.), Crime and mental disorder (pp. 63-85).

 

Tharshini Sivabalan, Fauziah Ibrahim, Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad, & Ezarina Zakaria.

(2018). Tahap Konsep Kendiri, Kesedaran Komuniti, Sokongan Sosial dan

Pengintegrasian Sosial bagi Pesalah Muda di Malaysia. Jurnal Sains Sosial dan

Kemanusiaan Asia Tenggara, 88(3), 91-100.

 

The H-T-P Technique. (1948). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 4(4), p319-327.

Undang-undang Malaysia. (2014). Undang-undang Am Malaysia (Vol. 1). Selangor:

International Law Book Services.

 

Undang-undang Malaysia. (2015). Akta Pencegahan Jenayah 1959. Selangor:

International Law Book Services.

 

Unit Liberal, Bahagian Sekolah. (2003). Konsep Jenayah. Jempol, Negeri Sembilan:

Pulapol Air Hitam.

 

Wan Roslili Abd. Majid, & Najibah Mohd Zain. (2015). Isu dalam penahanan dan

pemulihan banduan di Malaysia. Jurnal Undang-Undang Malaysia, 27(1).

 

Wiersma, W. (1991). Research Methods in Education: An Introduction (5th ed.).

Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

 

Wilen, W. W. (1994). Workshop On Critical Thinking & Questioning. Kuala Lumpur:

Ministry of Education, Malaysia.

 

Woody, W. D., & Viney, W. (2017). A History of Psychology: The Emergence of

Science and Applications (6th ed.). New York: Routledge.

 

Yin, R. K. (2008). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks,

CA: Sage.

 

Yu, Z. Y., Cong, Y. M., Ma, Y., Jiang, H. L., & Li, L. (2016). House-Tree-Person

Drawing Therapy as an intervention for prisoners' prerelease anxiety. Social

Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 44(6), 987-1004.

 

Zainal Madon, Haslee Sharil Abdullah, & Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin Adam Assim.

(2014). Profil kesejahteraan psikologi golongan belia. Malaysian Journal of

Youth Studies, 11, 17-26.