UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian ini bermatlamat untuk mengkaji sejauh mana permasalahan yang berlaku berpunca
daripada pembangunan guna tanah yang pesat, khususnya aktiviti perumahan dan pertanian
di Hulu Lembangan Sungai Bernam. Keadaan ini meningkatkan lagi sedimen terampai di
dalam sungai sehingga menjejaskan kualiti air dan warna sungai. Kedua-dua Sungai
Bernam dan Sungai Inki mengalir masuk ke dalam Sungai Bernam di Pekan Tanjong
Malim, Perak. Metodologi kajian melibatkan pencerapan dan pengumpulan data di
lapangan di tiga stesen persampelan dari bulan Oktober 2019 sehingga Ferbruari 2020
sebelum dihantar ke makmal. Data yang diperoleh kemudiannya dianalisis dengan
menggunakan statistik deskriptif merangkumi regresi linear dan Mann-Kendall. Dapatan
daripada ujian Mann-Kendall (S) bagi lebat hujan tahunan dari tahun 1980 sehingga 2018
menunjukkan tren yang meningkat, iaitu sebanyak 67 manakala sedimen terampai tahunan
dari tahun 1978 sehingga 2008 juga menunjukkan tren yang meningkat, iaitu 151. Ketigatiga
stesen menunjukkan kepekatan jumlah sedimen terampai yang tinggi pada 29 Januari
2020 dengan nilai 972.6 mg/L, 2152.4 mg/L dan 1408.2 mg/L masing-masing. Walau
bagaimanapun, perubahan kepekatan sedimen terampai semasa hujan adalah paling tinggi
iaitu sebanyak 2114.2 mg/L di Stesen 1. Hubungan antara luahan dan kedalaman sungai
menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat ketara, iaitu R2 = 0.9 di Stesen 1, R2 = 0.8 di Stesen 2,
dan R2 = 0.8 di Stesen 3, menandakan hubung kait yang kuat antara penghasilan sedimen
terampai dengan perubahan guna tanah yang berlaku di sekitar lembangan ini.
Kesimpulannya, kualiti air di Sungai Bernam mengalami kemerosotan akibat daripada
proses sedimentasi dan ketidakseimbangan pembangunan di sekitar lembangannya.
Implikasi kajian analisis ini penting dalam konteks pengurusan sungai dan sumber air.
Justeru itu, pihak bertanggungjawab dalam isu pengurusan sumber air dan sungai perlu
memberikan perhatian yang sewajarnya supaya krisis pencemaran air yang disebabkan
oleh sedimen terampai dapat dikurangkan, terutamanya kepada penduduk. |
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