Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Chambers, G. (1999). Motivating language learners. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual matters.

Al-Quyadi, (2000). Psycho-sociological variables in the learning of English in Yemen, Ph.D Thesis, Bhagalpur University.

Ainol Madziah Zubairi & Isarji Hj Sarudin. (2009). Motivation to learn a foreign language in Malaysia. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies. Vol. 9 (2), 73-87.

Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality and behavior. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.

Al-Shalabi, F.( 1992). Perceived Social Distance: A Re-examination of the Attitudinal Factor in an EFL Setting. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado University.

Al-Tamimi, A. & Shuib, M. (2009). Motivation and attitudes towards learning English: A study of petroleum engineering undergraduates at Hadhramout University of Sciences and Technology. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 9(2), 29-55.

Adlerman, E. J., Droegemeier, K. K., & Davies-Jones, R. (1999). A numerical simulation of cyclic mesocyclogenesis. Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 56 (13), 2045-2069.

Atkinson, W.J. & Raynor, O.J. (1974). Motivation and achievement. V.H. Wistons & Sons. Washington D. C.

Atkinson, J. W., & Feather, N. T. (Eds.). (1966). A theory of achievement motivation. Wiley. Vol. 66.

Amamio, J. 2000. Attitudes of Students, Teachers, and Parents of RVM Schools in Metro Manila toward English and Filipino as Media of Instruction. UE Today, 17 (4).

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.

Arslan, M. U., & Akbarov, A. (2012). EFL Learners Perceptions and Attitudes towards English for the Specific Purposes. Acta Didactica Napocensia, 5(4), 25-30.

Baker, S. C. (2001). The convergence of multiple models of motivation for second language learning: Gardner,

Pintrich, Kuhl, and McCroskey. Motivation and second language acquisition, 461-492.

Bong, M. (2001). Between-and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students: self-efficacy, task value, and achievement goals. Journal of educational psychology, 93(1), 23.

Baker, C. (1992). Attitudes and language. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Bidin, S, (2009). Motivation and Attitude in Learning English among UiTM Students in the Northern Region of Malaysia, Journal of English Language Teaching.

Chambers, G. (1999). Motivating language learners. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual matters.

Chaiken, S., Duckworth, K. L., & Darke, P. (1999). When Parsimony Fails. Psychological Inquiry, 10(2), 118-123.

Chalak A, Kassaian Z. 2010. Motivation and attitudes of Iranian undergraduate EFL students towards learning English. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies. 10(2): 37-56.

De Bot K, Lowie W, Verspoor M. 2005. Second language acquisition: An advanced resource book. London:Routledge.

Eagly, A., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (2007). The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude. Social cognition, 25(5), 582-602.

Elliot, A. J. (1999). Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist, 34(3), 169-189.

Elliot, A. J. & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(1), 218-232.

Eccles, J., Adler, T. F., Futterman, R., Goff, S. B., Kaczala, C. M., Meece, J., and Midgley, C. (1983). Expectancies, values and academic behaviors. In Spence, J. T. (ed.), Achievement and Achievement Motives, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.

Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (2001). A 2×2 achievement goal framework. Journal of personality and social psychology, 80(3), 501.

Eiser, J. R. (2004). Putting Humpty together again. Attitude organization from a connectionist perspective. In G. Haddock & G. R. Maio (Eds.). Contemporary.

Eccles, J. S., & Wigfield, A. (2002). Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 109-132.

Fazio, R. H., & Olson, M. A. (2007). Attitudes: Foundations, functions and consequences. In M.A. Hogg & J.Cooper (Eds.), The Sage handbook of social psychology , 123-145. London, UK: Sage Publications.

Fazio, R. H., Chen, J. M., McDonel, E. C., & Sherman, S. J. (1982). Attitude accessibility, attitude-behavior consistency, and the strength of the object-evaluation association. Journal of experimental social psychology, 18(4), 339-357.

Fazio, R. H. (2001). On the automatic activation of associated evaluations: An overview. Cognition and Emotion, 15(2), 115–141.

Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. Advances in experimental social psychology, 23(75-109), 60318-4.

Fabrigar, L. R, MacDonald, T.K., & Wegener, D.T. (2005). The structure of attitudes. In D. Albarracín, B.T.Johnson, & M.P. Zanna (Eds.). The handbook of attitude, 79-124. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief attitude, intention and behavior an introduction to theory and research. London, UK: Addison-Wesley.

Fishbein, M., & Middlestadt, S. (1995). Noncognitive effects on attitude formation and change: fact or artefact? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(2), 181-202.

Fazio, R. H. (1989). On the power and functionality of attitudes: The role of attitude. Attitude structure and function, 153-179.

Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. London, UK: Edward Arnold.

Gardner, R. & Lambert, W. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley, MA:Newbury House.

Ghazali, S., Setia, R., Muthusamy, C. & Jusoff, K. (2009). ESL Students’ Attitude towards Texts and Teaching Methods Used in Literature Classes. English language teaching, 2(4), 51-56.

Greenwald, A. G. (1989). Why attitudes are important: Defining attitude and attitude theory 20 years later. In A. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler, & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and function, 429-440. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Griva, E., & Chostelidou, D. (2011). English language teachers’ conceptions and attitudes to multilingual development in education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1780-1785.

Gardner R. (1980). On the validity of affective variables in second language acquisition: Conceptual and statistical considerations. Language Learning. 30 (2): 255-270.

Gardner RC, Lambert WE. 1959. Motivational variables in 2nd language-acquisition. Canadian Journal of Psychology. 13(4): 266–272.

Gardner, R. C., Smythe, P. C., & Clément, R. (1979). Intensive Second Language Study in a Bicultural Milieu: An Investigation of Attitudes, Motivation and Language Proficiency 1. Language learning, 29(2), 305- 320.

Gardner, R. C. (2000). Correlation, causation, motivation, and second language acquisition. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 41(1), 10.

Gan, Z. (2004). Attitudes and strategies as predictors of self‐directed language learning in an EFL context. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(3), 389-411.

Gardner, R. C. (2001). Examining the role of attitudes and motivation outside of the formal classroom: A test of the mini-AMTB for children. Motivation and second language acquisition, 12, 281-295.

Graham, S. 2004. Giving up on modern foreign languages? Students’ perceptions of learning French. The Modern Language Journal, 171-191

Gass, S. M. (2013). Second language acquisition: An introductory course. Routledge.

Hewstone, M., & Young, L. (1988). Expectancy‐Value Models of Attitude: Measurement and Combination of Evaluations and Beliefs 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18(11), 958-971.

Helmreich, R. (1983). Achievement and achievement motives: Psychological and sociological approaches. J. T. Spence (Ed.). WH Freeman.

Inbar, O., & Shohamy, E. (2004). The effects of teaching spoken Arabic on students' attitudes and motivation in Israel. The Modern Language Journal, 88(2), 217-228

Kim, J., Lim, J. S., & Bhargava, M. (1998). The role of affect in attitude formation: a classical conditioning approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 143-152.

Lai, M. L. (2005). Language attitudes of the first postcolonial generation in Hong Kong secondary schools. Language in Society, 363-388.

Lai, Y. C. (2009). Language learning strategy use and English proficiency of university freshmen in Taiwan. TESOL quarterly, 43(2), 255-280.

LEE, J.F.K. (2001a). Attitudes towards debatable usages among English language teachers and students, Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6, 2, 1-21.

LEE, J.F.K. (2001b). Teachers’ attitudes towards disputable usages, RELC Journal, 32. 2, 1-15.

LEVINE, G.S. (2003). Student and instructor beliefs and attitudes about target language use, first language use and anxiety: Report of a questionnaire study, The Modern Language Journal, 87, 3, 343-364.

Masgoret, A.-M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning: A meta-analysis of studies conducted by Gardner and associates. Language Learning, 53(1), 167–210. doi:10.1111/1467-9922.00227.

McClelland, D. C., & Winter, D. G. (1969). Motivating economic achievement.

Murray, H.A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York: Oxford University Press.

Miniard, P. W., & Barone, M. J. (1997). The case for noncognitive determinants of attitude: a critique of Fishbein and Middlestadt. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 6, 77-91.

Momani, M. (2009). The Jordanian Secondary Stage students Achievement in Reading Comprehension according to their views towards Learning English as a Foreign Language. Journal of Human Sciences, 42, 1-36.

Maio, G. R., & Haddock, G. (2004). Theories of attitude: Creating a witches‘ brew. In G. Haddock & G. R. Maio (Eds.). Contemporary perspectives on the psychology of attitudes, 425-446. New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Malallah, S. (2000). English in an Arabic environment: Current attitudes to English among Kuwait university students. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 3(1), 19-43.

Marley, D. (2004). Language attitudes in Morocco following recent changes in language policy. Language Policy, 3(1), 25-46.

Montano DE, Kasprzyk D. 2008. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model. In K. Glanz, B. Rimer & K. Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior and health education:Theory, research, and practice. San Francisco, CA: JosseyBass, 67-96.

Olson, J. M. & Maio, G. R. (2003). Attitudes in social behavior. In T. Millon & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology. Personality and social psychology, 299-326. New Jersey, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Padwick, A. (2010). Attitudes towards English and Varieties of English in Globalizing India. University of Groningen. Newcastle, England.

Priester, J. R., & Fleming, M. A. (1997). Artifact or meaningful theoretical constructs?: examining evidence for nonbelief and belief-based attitude change processes. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 6, 67-76.

Rosenberg, M. J., & Hovland, C. I. (1960). Cognitive, affective and behavioralcomponents of attitudes. In C. I. Hovland & M. J. Rosenberg (Eds.), Attitude organization and change: An analysis of consistency among attitude components, 1–14. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Schwarz, N. (1997). Moods and attitude judgments: a comment on Fishbein and Middlestadt. Journal of Consumer Psychology. 6, 93–98.

Suleiman, S. (1983). Teaching English to Arab Students at the University Level. In Dahiyat & Ibrahim (eds.), Papers from the first conference on the Problems of teaching English Language and Literature at Arab Universities. Amman. University of Jordan

Saidat, A, M. (2010). Language Attitude: The Case of Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research, 2, 235–243. [Online] Available: http://www.ijar.lit.az/pdf/8/2010%286-37%29.pdf

Samsiah Bidin, Kamaruzaman Jusoff, Nurazila Abdul Aziz, Musdiana Mohammad Salleh & Taniza Tajudin. (2009). Motivation and attitude in learning English among UiTM students in the northern region of Malaysia. English Language Teaching. Vol. 2(2), 16-20.

Shams, M. (2008). Students’ attitudes, motivation and anxiety towards English language learning. Journal of Research, 2(2), 121-144.

Sparrow, P (1998). New organizational forms: the strategic relevance of future psychological contract scenarios. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 15(4), 356-371.

Tuwakham, M. (2005). Language vitality and language attitude among the young people in Lamphun province: a sociolinguistic study. Retrieved from http://ic.payap.ac.th/graduate/linguistics/theses/Maliwan_Thesis.pdf

Wigfield, A., & Eccles, J. S. (2000). Expectancy–value theory of achievement motivation. Contemporary educational psychology, 25(1), 68-81.

Wigfield, A., Barbosa, P., Perencevich, K. C., Taboada, A., Davis, M. H., ... & Tonks, S. (2004). Increasing reading comprehension and engagement through concept-oriented reading instruction. Journal of educational psychology, 96(3), 403.

Yeatts, P. E., & Lochbaum, M. (2013). Coping in sport: A test of Elliot’s hierarchical model of approach and avoidance motivation. Kinesiology, 45(2.), 186-193.

YANG, A. and LAU, L. (2003). Student attitudes to the learning of English at secondary and tertiary levels, System, 31, 1, 107-123.

Weiner, B. (1988). Attribution theory and attributional therapy: Some theoretical observations and suggestions. British journal of clinical psychology, 27(1), 99-104.

Zainol Abidin MJ, Pour-Mohammadi M, Alzwari H. 2012. EFL Students’ Attitudes towards Learning English Language: The Case of Libyan Secondary School Students. Asian Social Science. 8(2): 119-134. doi:10.5539/ass.v8n2p119.

Zhou, M. (2012). Multilingualism in China: The politics of writing reforms for minority languages 1949-2002, Vol. 89. Walter de Gruyter.

Zanna, M. P., & Rempel, J. K. (1988). Attitudes: A new look at an old concept. In D. Bartal & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), The social psychology of knowledge, 315-334. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press