UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan penanaman koko di Pahang Barat antara
tahun 1930 - 1957. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk analisis dokumen dan
manuskrip digunakan dalam kajian ini. Sumber utama diperolehi dari Arkib Negara
Malaysia dengan merujuk fail-fail kolonial British seperti Pahang Annual Report,
District Office Files, Secretariat Files of Pahang dan fail-fail kerajaan Pahang manakala
sumber sekunder pula adalah dikumpul daripada jurnal, buku dan majalah koko. Dapatan
kajian ini menunjukkan pengenalan tanaman koko di Pahang Barat oleh pihak British
disebabkan faktor kesesuaian tanah, keluasan daan iklim yang sesuai dengan tanaman
koko. Pelbagai dasar dan insentif telah dilaksanakan oleh pihak British untuk menarik
minat petani terlibat dengan penanaman koko di Pahang Barat. Penglibatan masyarakat
tempatan dalam penanaman koko di Pahang Barat telah menyebabkan tanaman ini
berjaya dimajukan dan menyumbang kepada pendapatan negeri Pahang pada era kolonial
sehingga menjadikan Pahang sebagai salah satu pengeluar koko dalam negeri-negeri
Melayu Bersekutu. Pelbagai masalah dan cabaran turut dihadapi oleh pihak British dalam
memajukan tanaman koko di Pahang Barat. Namun demikian pihak British tetap
berusaha mengatasi masalah ini demi memastikan pengeluaran hasil tanaman koko
sentiasa bertambah. Kesimpulan daripada kajian ini menunjukkan Pahang Barat pernah
menjadi salah satu pengeluar koko yang penting pada era penjajahan British. Implikasi
kajian ini menunjukkan dasar pertanian koko di Malaysia perlu memberi perhatian
kepada Pahang Barat kerana kesesuaian tanah dan iklim berdasarkan kepada pengalaman
ketika pentadbiran Barat. |
References |
Annual Report
Pahang Annual Report, 1888
Fail di Arkib Negara
2001/0001491. Laporan Tahunan Projek Pembangunan Pertanian Bersepadu (IADP) Pahang Barat (Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia ).
2006/000729. Koko,Risalah No.40-1956.
2006/0009411. Penyata daripada Lembaga Pekerja yang Ditubuhkan untuk Menyelidik Cara yang Boleh Memajukan Satu Perusahaan Koko di dalam Persekutuan Tanah Melayu- 1955.
2006/ 0009726. Recognation and Control of the Main Insects Pests of Cocoa-1951.
2006/0027775. Mengenalpasti Serangga Perosak Koko Melalui Kesan dan Simptom Serangan.
2007/0003718. Supplement to the F.M.S. Government Gazette, 14 July 1933.
2007/0028454. Project Cacao Project Feasibility Study On The Cultivation of Cocoa In Pahang Tenggara.
A. O. Lipis 71/49. State Secretariat, Pahang. Report on the Activities of the Agricultural Department Pahang for the Year,1949.
B (3.00) 112-26(SJ2). Rancangan Pemulihan Semula Kawasan Kelapa.
B.A. PHG. 30/1955. Report of The Cacao Working Party
FEDERAL SECRETARIAT 14072/1949. Alienation of Land in Terengganu for the Cultivation of Cacao.
F.S. 2407/1949-K32. Registration of a Company by the Name of “Malayan Cocoa Ltd”.
F.S.2310/1948-K12. Draft Report on Potentialities for the Cultivation of Cocoa in Malaya, Sarawak & North Borneo by Professor E.E. Cheeseman. II Cacao Quarantine Station.
M.A. 1182/53. C.D. & W Funds Development of Cacao Industry in Malaya.
M.A.212/56. Jerangau Cocoa Area- Condition of Roads.
M.A.A.TEM.S. 29/47. Planting of Cocoa at the Agricultural Station, Temerloh
M.B. PHG 12/71. Banchi Penduduk dan Perumahan Malaysia. Pejabat Setiausaha Kerajaan Pahang.
M.N.R. 645/54/68. Establishment of A Cacao Industry in Malaya. 74A.
M.N.R. 689/54. Synthetic Cocoa.
M.N.R 1010/55. Cocoa Publicity.
M.N.R. 1039/55. Cocoa Working Party-Formation of Small Holders Pilot Schemes for Cocoa Cultivation.
M.U. No. 6537/1946-K2. Cocoa Supplies.
M.U No. 13473/1947-K5. Colonial Economic Research Committe The Cocoa Processing Industries.
MU. 7197/46. Experimentation with Cocoa in Malaya. Report of Meeting of Officers of the Agricultural and Education Department held to discuss proposals in Mr. Cheeseman’s “Report on Vocational Education in Malaya”. 2. Proposal to send a Malay School Teacher to the School of Agriculture Serdang, in 1940.
M.U/P.3390. Prof. E. E. Cheeseman, Experimentation with Cocoa in Malaya.
RCP/AGRI/1525/1947. Visit of Professor Cheeseman to Study Prospects for Cocoa in Malaya.
Pahang No. 248/ 1957. Immigration of Javanese Cultivation from Selangor to Pahang.
PAHANG F.S 630/1939. 1. Report of meeting of officers of the Agriultural and Education Department held to discuss proposals in Mr. Cheeseman’s “Report on Vocational Education in Malaya” 2. Proposal to send a malay school teacher to the school of Agriculture Serdang in 1940.
PRK.ML.S.10/63 JLD.3. Perlaksanaan Projek Pembangunan Pertanian Pahang Barat.
RCP/MU/958/1947. Cocoa Cultivation. Memorandum.
R.I.D.A 4420. Cacao Pilot Project Kampung Awah Temerloh Pahang. Scheme No 375/57.
State of Agriculture
S.A. 98. Report of the Cacao Working Party.
S.A.178.Notes On Growing Cocoa- By Mr. Raper, Agr. Jerangau.
S.A 239- Cacao-Causes or Probable Causes of Success or Failure of Cacao Growing Parts of Malaya (Replies by SAOS)
S.A.755 Jerangau 11. Quarterly Report Federal Experimental Station Jerangau State Agricultural Officer
S.A.O. N.S 133/55. Application for Alienation of State Land for The Purpose of Planting Cocoa.
S.A.O PHG. 29. Report of Cocoa Working Party (Pejabat Pertanian Pahang (1946- 1954).
S.A.O. PHG. 121. Visit to Jerangau Cocoa Experiment Station (Pejabat Pertanian Pahang (1946-1954) ).
S.A.O. PHG. 137. Application for Land for Cacao Planting. . S.A.O PHG. 208. West African Amelonado Seed Garden at Kampung Awah.
S.A.O PHG. 263. Report of the Cacao Working Party(Pejabat Pertanian Pahang 1946- 1954).
S.A.O PHG 323. Shade Trees for Cacao.
S.A.O PHG 458. Cacao Planting Co-operative Society.
S.A.O PHG. 541. Cacao under Coconut.
SAO. PHG. P.N.R.B.29. Report of Cacao Working Party.
JURNAL
Amarjit Kaur. (1995). The Origins of Cocoa Cultivation in Malaysia. JMBRAS, Vol. LXVIII Part 1
Cant, R.G. (1973). An Historical Geography of Pahang. Monograph of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society. Singapore: Times Printers Sdn. Bhd
Gustafsson, F. (2002). Cocoa Satellites: A Study of Cocoa Smallholder sector in Sabah, Malaysia. Department of Economic History, School of Economics and Management Lund University.
J.B Scrivenor dan J.A Richardson. (1947). The Geology of Malaya, “An Outline of the Geomorphological Evolution of British Malaya”. Geological Magazine, Vol. 8.
Kaur, A. (1995). The Origins of Cocoa Cultivation in Malaysia. JMRAS.Vol.68, No.1 (268)
Lee C.H. Planting Cocoa - Challenges and Reality in Malaysia. Malaysia Cocoa Board. Linehan, W. (1936). A History of Pahang. JMRAS 14 (2).
Mohd Samsudin. (2010). Pahang Sekitar Abad ke 19 menurut Pandangan Pegawaipegawai British. Malaysia Journal of History, Politics, & Strategic Studies. 37(2010): 105-121.
Nurjihan Idris, Amna Awad Abdel Hameed, Mohd Azaly Niti and Fatimah Mohamed Arshad. (2011). Export performance and trade competitiveness of the Malaysian cocoa products. Vol.5 (31).
W.M. Davison. “ Journal of a Trip to Pahang with H.E. the Governer, August 17 to 27 1889”. Journal of Malaysia Branch, Royal Asiatic Society (JMRAS).
W.P. Panton. (1964) The 1962 Soil Map of Malaya”, Journal of Tropical Geography (J.T.G), Vol 18.
TESIS
Hui, L.H. (1980). Vertebrate Pest Species of Cocoa with Special Reference to Rodent Management in Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya
Seng, L.K. (1996). High Density Planting of Budded Clonal Cocoa- an Agronomic Implication. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya
LATIHAN ILMIAH
Chin, L.K. (1971). Cocoa Production in West Malaysia: Some Agro- Economic Aspects. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Faridah Bt Mohd Salleh. (1996). Sejarah Perkembangan Ekonomi Negeri Pahang 1945- 1957. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Hee, L. (1975). Efficiency of Resources in Coconut, Cocoa and Coffe in Peninsular Malaysia with Indications for Diversification. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Kanapathy, V. (1980). An Economic Study of the Cocoa Growing Industry of West Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Kaur, J. (1987). An Economic Study of the Cocoa Industry in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Krishnan, R. (1979). Studies on the Production of Rooted Cuttings of Theobroma cacao L. Under Malaysian Conditions. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
M. Arumugam a/l R. Muniandy. (1989). Satu Kajian Penanaman Koko di Malaysia dan Prospeknya. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Mohd Huzairi Bin Saribin. (2009). Mereka Bentuk dan Menghasilkan Prototaip Mesin Membelah dan Mengeluarkan Isi Buah Koko. Melaka: Penerbit Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
Noorizan Binti Zakaria. (2011). Perkembangan Kegiatan Ekonomi di daerah Raub, Pahang Darul Makmur. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Rosmawati Binti Abdul Wahab. (2000). Perkembangan Sektor Industri Koko di Malaysia: Satu Analisa Ekonometrik ke atas Pengeluaran, Guna Tenaga, Harga Eksport dan Modal. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Siti Salmiah bt. Yaakob. (1988). Sejarah Pembangunan di negeri Pahang Darul Makmur 1957-1970. Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Yoong, W.C. (1972). Some Marketing Aspects of Cocoa in West Malaysia: Its Present set-up and Future Trend of Development. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
AKHBAR
Cocoa. Fortnight Press Digest. 4 May 1955.
Cocoa Crops In Malaya. The Straits Times, 27 August 1948
Cocoa Price Up: U.S. Uses Synthetic. Malay Mail, 6 Jun 1955.
Cocoa Report May Come Out Soon: Soil Survey Proposal. Malay Mail. 6 August 1955.
Growing Cocoa. Malay Mail. 4 August 1955.
Plan for 300,000 Acres of Cocoa. The Straits Times. 27 July 1955.
Scheme to Help Smallholders: Cocoa Industry Plan is Out. Malay Mail. 28 July 1955.
The Prospects for Cocoa Growing in Malaya. The Straits Times. 5 August 1955. P/TANI 6/73, 1949. “Department of Agriculture Federation of Malaya (F. of M) Cocoa (Theobroma Cocoa)”. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Agriculture, Federation of Malaya.
BUKU
Abdul Habib bin Mansur.(2001). “Pahang Tenggara: Wilayah Harapan” dlm. Zainuddin bin Haji Jumaat...(et al.) (Penyunting),. Pahang Meniti Zaman. Pahang: Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia Cawangan Pahang.
Abdul Rahim Bin Haji Selamat. (1982). Siri Mengenal Pahang. Johor Bahru: Johore Central Store Sdn. Bhd.
Abdul Rahman Haji Abdullah. (1994). Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah, Siri Pendidikan Jarah Jauh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Abdullah Sanusi Ahmad. (1980). Kerajaan dan Pentadbiran Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Abdullah Zakaria Bin Ghazali. (2000). Gerakan Tentangan Terhadap British di Pahang, 1887-1895 dlm. Norazit Selat (Penyunting), Pahang: Sejarah dan Budaya. Pahang: Lembaga Muzium Negeri Pahang.
Abu Bakar Mahmud. (1988). “Peranan Kerajaan dalam Pembasmian Kemiskinan di Sektor Pertanian” dlm. Chamhuri Siwar dan Mohd. Haflah Piei (Penyunting), 1988. Dasar dan Strategi Pembasmian Kemiskinan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob. (1989). Projek Pembangunan Pertanian Bersepadu(IADP) : Perlaksanaan Dan Pengurusannya. Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Anon. (1993). Rehabilitation of mature cocoa (side-cleft grafting method). Department of Agriculture, Sabah. Leaflet No.613.
Aruna Gopinath. (1993). Sejarah Politik Pahang 1880-1935. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
A. Gibson. (1928). The Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. London: J.M. Dent and Sons Ltd.
B. Miles, Matthew dan Huberman. A. Michael. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. United Stated of America: SAGE Publications. Inc.
Cant. R.G. (1973). An Historical Geography of Pahang, Monograph of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society. Singapore: Times Printers Sdn. Bhd
Census of Pahang. (1891). Straits Settlement Government Gazette, 1892. Cant, “An Historical Geography of Pahang.
Chamhuri Siwar dan Surtahman Kastin Hasan. (2002). Ekonomi Malaysia. Selangor: Pearson Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
Clifford, H. (1927). In Court and Kampong. London: Grant Richards,
Dr. Mohd. Yusof Hashim. (1981) “Industri Koko Masa Kini dan Strategi Penyelidikan MARDI” dlm. MARDI (penyunting). Bahagian Pengeluaran Tanaman Saka. Perak: MARDI.
Farish A Noor. (2011). A Deconstructive History of Pahang: From Inderapura to Darul Makmur. Kuala Lumpur: Silverfish Books Sdn Bhd.
Fredrick Gustafsson. (2002). Cocoa Satellites: A Study of the Cocoa Smallholder Sector in Sabah, Malaysia. School of Economics and Management Lund University.
Gustafsson, F. (2002). Cocoa Satellites: A Study of Cocoa Smallholder sector in Sabah, Malaysia. Department of Economic History, School of Economics and Management Lund University.
Hasnah Ali dan Nor Aini Haji Idris. (1994). ”Peranan Program-program Pembangunan Pertanian Bersepadu (IADP) dalam Konteks Pemodenan Sektor Luar Bandar : Satu Penilaian” dlm. Mohd Yusof Kasim dan Md. Zyadi Md. Tahir (Penyunting) Ekonomi Malaysia: Beberapa Isu Utama. Selangor: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Ismail Deraman, Harrisson & Crossfield. (1978). “Cocoa Marketing:Some Pertinent Problems in Peninsular Malaysia”. Seminar Antarabangsa Koko dan Kelapa.
Jang Asijah Muttalib. (1972). Pemberontakan Pahang1891-1895. Kelantan: Pustaka Aman Press.
J.A. Richardson. (1939). The Geology and Mineral Resources of the Neightbourhood of Raub, Pahang. Kuala Lumpur: FMS.
J.B. Scrivenor. (1911). The Geology and Mining Industries of Ulu Pahang. Kuala Lumpur: Government Printing Office.
J.Kennedy. (2007). Malaysian Heritage: History of Malaya. Kuala Lumpur: S.A. Majeed & Co Sdn. Bhd.
J.M Gullick. (1970). Sistem Politik Bumiputera Tanah Melayu Barat. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Khoo Kay Kim. (2000). “Dasar British di Pahang Semasa Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu” dlm. Norazit Selat (Penyunting), Pahang: Sejarah dan Budaya. Pahang: Lembaga Muzium Negeri Pahang
Lembaga Koko Malaysia. (1997). Kisah Koko. Sabah: Lembaga Koko Malaysia.
Lembaga Koko Malaysia. (2013). Manual Teknologi Penanaman Koko. Sabah: Lembaga Koko Malaysia
Lembaga Koko Malaysia. (2014). Manual Latihan “Keselamatan Koko”: Pembangunan Modal Insan dan Perkongsian Pengetahuan dan Perkongsian Pengetahuan dalam Piawaian Sanitari dan Fitosanitari (SPS) Koko di Asia Tenggara. Sabah: Lembaga Koko Malaysia.
Mad Nasir Shamsudin. (1993). Agihan Perbekalan Teknologi Koko. Kuala Lumpur: Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum.
Mahmud Mat. (1997). Tinggal Kenangan: The Memoirs of Dato’ Sir Mahmud bin Mat. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mazlina Ismail. (2000). Pemeliharaan Tanaman Koko. Kuala Lumpur: Synergy Media
Mohd Kassim b. Haji Ali. (2000). ”Matawang di Negeri Pahang” dlm. Norazit Selat (Penyunting), Pahang: Sejarah dan Budaya. Pahang: Lembaga Muzium Negeri Pahang.
Mohd. Roselan Ab. Malik. (1993). Salasilah Nama Tempat Negeri Pahang Darul Makmur. Petaling Jaya: Prisma Sdn. Bhd.
Muhd Yusof Ibrahim. (2000). Ilmu Sejarah Falsafah, Pengertian dan Kaedah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ooi Jin Bee. (1968). Bumi, Penduduk dan Ekonomi di Tanah Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Othman Abd. Samah. (1993). Pengeluaran Koko di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
P. Wheatley. (1961). The Golden Khersonese. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford Uni. Press.
Qasim Ahmad. (2004). Karya Sejarah Pendekatan dan Persoalan Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Rathmanja. (1997). Teh dan Koko. Kuala Lumpur: Jaya Bakti
R.G Cant. (1972). An Historical of Pahang. Singapore: Times Printes.
S. Selvadurai. (1978). Pertanian di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia.
Sulaiman Bin Haji Mohd. Amin. Masalah Pemasaran Pertanian Rakyat. Berita Darul Makmur-1973,1981-1984. Pahang: Setiausaha Kerajaan Pahang (SUK).
Tun Seri Lanang. (1961). Sejarah Melayu. Singapura: Malay Publishing House Ltd.
W. Creswell, John. (2005). Educational Research Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantative and Qualitative Research. New Jersey : Pearson Education International
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |