Abdullahi, T., Harun, Z., Othman, M. H. D., Aminu, N., Gabriel, O., Aminu, T.,
Ibrahim, S. A., & Kamarudin, N. H. (2018). West African kenaf (Hibiscus
Cannabinus L.) natural fiber composite for application in automotive industry.
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 14(4), 397–402.
https://doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n4.1212
Adams, L. S., Brown, M. R., Peace, C., Petersen, G., & Leary, M. (2008). Evaluation
of High Efficiency Oil Filters in the State Fleet. June.
Adole, A. M., Yatim, J. M., Ramli, S. A., Othman, A., & Mizal, N. A. (2019). Kenaf
fibre and its bio-based composites: A conspectus. Pertanika Journal of Science
and Technology, 27(1), 297–329.
Agensi Innovasi Malaysia. (2020). National Biomass Strategy 2020: New wealth
creation for Malaysia’s biomass industry. Agensi Innovasi Malaysia.
Ahmed, S., Hall, A. M., & Ahmed, S. F. (2018). Biodegradation of Different Types of
Paper in a Compost Environment. 26–30. http://ilab-australia.org/26
Aji, I. S., Sapuan, S. M., Zainudin, E. S., & Abdan, K. (2009). Kenaf fibres as
reinforcement for polymeric composites: A review. International Journal of
Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 4(3), 239–248.
Ali, M. E., Yong, C. K., Ching, Y. C., Chuah, C. H., & Liou, N. S. (2015). Effect of
single and double stage chemically treated kenaf fibers on mechanical
properties of polyvinyl alcohol film. BioResources, 10(1), 822–838.
https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.1.822-838
Armioni, M. D., & Rațiu, S. A. (2020). Used Engine Oil Recycling Techniques: A
Comparison. Student Scientific Symposium, Polytechnic University of Timisoara,
May 2020.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342787432_Used_engine_oil_recyclin
g_techniques_a_comparison
Asadollahzadeh, M., & Resalati, H. (2012). Investigation on Soda and Soda- AQ
Pulping of Whole Kenaf. 18, 2012.
Ashori, A. (2006). Pulp and paper from kenaf bast fibers. Fibers and Polymers, 7(1),26–
29. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02933598
Ashori, A., Harun, J., Raverty, W. D., & Yusoff, M. N. M. (2006). Chemical and
Morphological Characteristics of Malaysian Cultivated Kenaf ( Hibiscus
cannabinus ) Fiber. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 45(1), 131–
134. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602550500373782
Ayadi, R., Hanana, M., Mzid, R., Hamrouni, L., Khouja, M., & Hanachi, A. S. (2016).
Hibiscus Cannabinus L. – « Kenaf »: A Review Paper. Journal of Natural Fibers,
July 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2016.1240639
Bajpai, P. (2012). Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing. Springer.
Bajpai, P. (2018). Biermann’s Handbook of Pulp and Paper: Volume 1.
Baker, B. (2019). Cartridge vs. Spin-on Oil Filters. Counterman.
https://www.counterman.com/spin-on-vs-cartridge-style-oil-filters/
Barrett, E. P., Joyner, L. G., & Halenda, P. P. (1951). The Determination of Pore
Volume and Area Distributions in Porous Substances. I. Computations from
Nitrogen Isotherms. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 73(1), 373–380.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a126
Behjat, T., Russly, A. R., Luqman, C. A., Yus, A. Y., & Nor Azowa, I. (2009). Effect of
PEG on the biodegradability studies of Kenaf cellulose -polyethylene
composites. International Food Research Journal, 16(2), 243–247.
Bektas, I.; Tutus, A.; Eroglu, H. (1999). A study of the suitability of Calabrian pine
(Pinus brutia Ten.) for pulp and paper manufacture. Turkish Journal of
Agriculture and Forestry, 23, 589–599.
Bhardwaj, N. K., Duong, T. D., & Nguyen, K. L. (2004). Pulp charge determination by
different methods : effect of beating / refining. 236, 39–44.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.01.024
Biswas, A. (2016). A Study of Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Green Products.
Journal of Advanced Management Science, 4(3), 211–215.
https://doi.org/10.12720/joams.4.3.211-215
Brunauer, Emmett, & Teller. (1938). Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers.
Journal of American Chemical Society, 60(35).
Carvalho, M. G., Santos, J. M. R. C. A., Martins, A. A., & Figueiredo, M. M. (2005).
The effects of beating , web forming and sizing on the surface energy of
Eucalyptus globulus kraft fibres evaluated by inverse gas chromatography. 371–
383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-004-7738-0
Charles, L. W., Bledsoe, V. K., & Bledsoe, R. E. (2002). Kenaf Harvesting and
Processing. Trends in New Crops and New Uses, Dempsey 1975, 340–347.
Choi, K.-H., Kim, A., & Cho, B.-U. (2016). Effects of Alkali Swelling and Beating
Treatments on Properties of Kraft Pulp Fibers. BioResources, 11, 3769–3782.
https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.2.3769-3782
Cipollone, R., Di Battista, D., & Mauriello, M. (2015). Effects of oil warm up
acceleration on the fuel consumption of reciprocating internal combustion
engines. Energy Procedia, 82, 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.870
Corte, H. (1958). “The porous structure of paper: Its measurement, its importance
and its modification by beating.” In F.Bolam (Ed.), Fundamentals of
Papermaking Fibers (Vol. 1, pp. 301–331). London: British Paper and Board
Makers Assn.
Dammer, L., Carus, M., Raschka, A., Scholz, L., & Nl, A. (2013). Market
Developments and Opportunities for biobased products and chemicals Final
Report: Market Developments of and Opportunities for bio-based products and
chemicals. Report written for. December.
Danane, F., Ahmia, A., Bakiri, A., & Lalaoui, N. (2014). Experimental regeneration
process of used motor oils. Revue Des Energies Renouvelables, 17(2), 345–
351.
Dashtizadeh, Z., Khalina, A., Cardona, F., & Lee, C. H. (2019). Mechanical
Characteristics of Green Composites of Short Kenaf Bast Fiber Reinforced in
Cardanol. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8645429
Digitalprinting.co.uk. (2020). Paper Weight Guide.
https://www.digitalprinting.co.uk/support/paper-weight-guide/
Dodson, C., Handley, A., Oba, Y., & Sampson, W. (2002). The pore radius
distribution in paper. Part I: The effect of formation and grammage. Appita
Journal, 56(4), 275–280.
Dutt, D., Ray, A. K., Tyagi, C. H., & Singh, V. (2004). Development of specialty paper
is an art: Automobile filter paper from indigenous raw materials—Part XVII.
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 63(5), 425–428.
ECHA. (2020). Substances restricted under REACH. European Chemicals Agency.
https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach
European Commision, D.-G. J. R. C. (2006). Environmental Impact of Products
(EIPRO) Analysis of the life cycle environmental impacts related to the final
consumption of the EU-25. In Environmental Impact of Products (EIPRO).
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSTCC.2017.8107051
European Environment Agency. (2019). Transport : increasing oil consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions hamper EU progress towards environment and
climate objectives. https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/transport/term/increasingoil-
consumption-and-ghg
Fagbemi, O. D., Fagbemigun, T. K., Otitoju, O., & Mgbachiuzor, E. (2014). Strength
Properties of Paper from Pulp Blend of Kenaf Bark and Corn Husk : A
Preliminary Study. 4(28), 4124–4129.
Fardim, P., & Durán, N. (2003). Modification of fibre surfaces during pulping and
refining as analysed by SEM, XPS and ToF-SIMS. Colloids and Surfaces A:
Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 223(1), 263–276.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(03)00149-3
Fitch, B. (2013). Machinery Lubrication: Anatomy of an Oil Filter. Noria Corporation.
https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/29396/oil-filter-anatomy
FRAM. (2020). FRAM Oil Filters. https://www.fram.com/products/consumerproducts/
oil-filters/
Habidin, N. F., Zubir, A. F. M., Conding, J., & Jaya, Nurzatul Ain Seri Lanang
Hashim, S. (2013). Sustainable manufacturing practices , sustaining lean
improvements and sustainable performance in Malaysian automotive industry
Nurul Fadly Habidin * Anis Fadzlin Mohd Zubir , Juriah Conding , Nurzatul Ain
Seri Lanang Jaya and. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and
Sust. Development, 9(4), 444–459.
Habidin, N. F., Zubir, A. F. M., Fuzi, N. M., Latip, N. A. M., & Azman, M. N. A. (2015).
Sustainable manufacturing practices in Malaysian automotive industry:
confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0033-8
Haggkvist, M., Li, T.-Q., & Odberg, L. (1998). Effects of drying and pressing on the
pore structure in the cellulose fibre wall studied by 1H and 2H NMR relaxation.
Cellulose, 5(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009212628778
Hamawand, I., Yusaf, T., & Rafat, S. (2013). Recycling of waste engine oils using a
new washing agent. Energies, 6(2), 1023–1049.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en6021023
Hino Motors, L. (2015). Oil Filter.
http://www.alibaba.com/premium/oil_filter_prices.html?uptime=20140826&ptsid
=1012000054161822&crea=47091178722&plac=&netw=g&device=c&ptscode=
0110202010010001
Honda Motor Co., L. (2020). Honda Sustainability Report 2020. In Corporate
Planning Supervisory Unit, Honda Motor Co.,Ltd.
Huda, M.S.; Drzal, L.T.; Ray, D.; Mohanty, A.K.; Mishra, M. (2008). Natural-fiber
composites in the automotive sector. In Pickering, K. (1st Edition) Properties and
Performance of Natural-Fibre Composites. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing.
IEA. (2020). CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion: Overview, IEA, Paris.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2014). In Ottmar, E., Ramón, P. &
Youba, S. (Eds.) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. New
York : Cambridge University Press.
Ismail, F. S., Asa’ari, A. Z. M., Yussof, N. A. M., Hao, L. C., Padzil, F. N. M., Hua, L.
S., Abdullah, L. C., & Jawaid, M. (2020). Physical and Mechanical Properties of
Paper Made from Beaten Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Incorporated with
Microcrystalline Cellulose. Journal of Natural Fibers, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1779896
IUPAC. (2020). Gold book. https://goldbook.iupac.org/
Jian-yong, F., Jian-chun, Z., & Da-xiang, Z. H. Y. (2012). Study on the structure and
performance of the multi-layer filter materials of automobile oil filter cartridge. Advanced
Materials Research, 398, 1545–1548.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.396-398.1545
Jian-yong, F., & Jianchun, Z. (2013). Oil filtration performance of a hemp / cotton
spunlaced nonwoven. Textile Research Journal, 83(20), 2191–2203.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517513490058
Jianyong, F., & Jianchun, Z. (2015). Preparation and oil/air filtration properties of
hemp paper. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 45(1), 3–32.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083714521071
Jonoobi, M., Harun, J., Shakeri, A., Misra, M., & Oksmand, K. (2009). Chemical
composition, crystallinity, and thermal degradation of bleached and unbleached
kenaf bast (Hibiscus cannabinus) pulp and nanofibers. BioResources, 4(2), 626–
639. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.4.2.626-639
Kenya Bureau of Standards (2010). Draft Kenya Standard: Specification for oil filters.
Public Review Draft (2nd Edition).
Kamari, A., Shamsudin, R., Eljiedi, A. A. A., Yusoff, S. N. M., Wong, S. T. S., Ishak,
S., Jumadi, J., Abdulrasool, M. M., & Kumaran, S. (2019). Treatment of
electronics industry effluent using low-cost and commercial adsorbents: A
comparative study. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1397, 12022.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1397/1/012022
Kamthai, S. (2007). Preliminary study of anthraquinone in sweet bamboo
(Dendrocalamus asper Backer) alkaline sulfite pulping. Chiang Mai J. Sci, 34(2),
235–247.
Karim, M. A. A., Zaman, I., Rozlan, S. A. M., Berhanuddin, N. I. C., Manshoor, B.,
Mustapha, M. S., Khalid, A., & Chan, S. W. (2017). Structural characterization
and mechanical properties of polypropylene reinforced natural fibers. Journal of
Physics: Conference Series, 914(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-
6596/914/1/012035
Khristova, P., Kordsachia, O., Patt, R., Khider, T., & Karrar, I. (2002). Alkaline pulping
with additives of kenaf from Sudan. Industrial Crops and Products, 15(3), 229–
235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00118-2
Kiaei, M., Tajik, M., & Vaysi, R. (2014). Chemical and biometrical properties of plum
wood and its application in pulp and paper production. Maderas: Ciencia y
Tecnologia, 16(3), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-
221X2014005000024
Lawrence, B. M. (2009). All about Oil Filters.
https://www.calsci.com/motorcycleinfo/Filters.html#OilFilters
Li, D. (2002). Kenaf production, research and development in China. International
Kenaf Symposium, TN, USA.
LKTN. (2019). Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Negara. Lembaga Kenaf dan
Tembakau Malaysia. http://www.lktn.gov.my/index.php/my/kenaf
Loh, X. H., M. Daud, M. A. & Selamat, M. Z. (2014). Study on Fibre Length and
Composition of Kenaf-Polypropylene (K-PP) Composite for Automobile Interior
Parts. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 695(1), 36–39.
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.36
Ma, Z., & Holditch, S. (2015). Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources Handbook:
Evaluation and Development (1st Edition). Gulf Professional Publishing.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/C2014-0-01377-9
Main, N. M., Talib, R. A., Ibrahim, R., Abdul Rahman, R., & Mohamed, A. Z. (2015).
Linerboard Made from Soda-Anthraquinone (Soda-AQ) Treated Coconut Coir
Fiber and Effect of Pulp Beating. BioResources, 10(4), 6975–6992.
https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.10.4.6975-6992
Maloney, T. C., & Paulapuro, H. (1999). The formation of pores in the cell wall.
Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 25(12), 430–436.
Masrol, S R, Ibrahim, M. H. I., Adnan, S., Shah, M. S. S. A., Main, N. M., Esa, M. F.,
& Othman, M. H. (n.d.). Effect of Beating Process to Soda Anthraquinone Pulp
of Oil Palm Male Flower Spikes Fibre.
Masrol, Shaiful Rizal, Ibrahim, M. H. I., Adnan, S., Talib, M. R., & Sian, L. L. (2017).
Effects of Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping Variables on the Durian Rind Pulp and
Paper Characteristics : A Preliminary Test Effects of Soda-Anthraquinone
Pulping Variables on the Durian Rind Pulp and Paper Characteristics : A
Preliminary Test. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/226/1/012175
McAfee, E. (2015). How Often Do Oil Filters Need to Be Replaced? YourMechanic.
https://www.yourmechanic.com/article/how-often-do-oil-filters-need-to-bereplaced
Mechi N., Khiari R., Elaloui E. & Naceur Belgacem, M. (2016). Preparation of Paper
Sheets From Cellulosic Fibres Obtained From Prunus amygdalus and Tamarisk
sp. Celullose Chemistry Technology, 50, 863–872.
Mielewski, D. (2018). The Boss: Debbie Mielewski Made Ford Cars More Eco-
Friendly. Time Magazine. https://time.com/5170866/debbie-mielewski-ford-carssustainability/
Ministry of International Trade and Industry Malaysia. (2020). National Automotive
Policy 2020.
Mohd, H. A. B., Arifin, A., Nasima, J., Hazandy, A. H., & Khalil, A. (2014). Journey of
kenaf in Malaysia: A Review. Scientific Research and Essays, 9(11), 458–470.
https://doi.org/10.5897/sre12.471
Monti, A., & Alexopoulou, E. (2013). Kenaf: A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several
Industrial Applications: New insights from the Biokenaf Project. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5067-1
Mosello, A. (2010). Properties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fibers and
handsheets for linerboard production. Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Mossello, A. A., Harun, J., Md Tahir, F., Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Shamsi, S. R. F., &
Mohamed, A. Z. (2010). A review of literatures related of using kenaf for pulp
production (beating, fractionation, and recycled fiber). Journal of Modern
Applied Science, 4(9), 21–29.
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/mas/article/view/6110
Mossello, A. A., Harun, J., Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Shamsi, S. R. F., & Md Tahir, F.
(2010). New Approach To Use of Kenaf For Paper and Paperboard Production.
Bioresources, 5(4), 2112–2122.
Mossello, A. A., Harun, J., Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Tahir, P. M., Shamsi, S. R. F., &
Mohamed, A. Z. (2010). Soda-anthraquinone pulp from Malaysian cultivated
kenaf for linerboard production. BioResources, 5(3), 1542–1553.
https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.5.3.1542-1553
MOSTI. (2017). SMART CHALLENGE FUND GUIDELINE FOR APPLICANTS.
Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
https://www.ums.edu.my/ppiv2/files/C4.1-Garis-Panduan-Permohonan-SMARTFund.
Motamedian, H. R., Halilovic, A., & Kulachenko, A. (2019). Mechanisms of strength
and stiffness improvement of paper after PFI refining with a focus on the effect
of fines. Cellulose, 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02349-5
Mustafa, A., Abdollah, M. F. Bin, Shuhimi, F. F., Ismail, N., Amiruddin, H., &
Umehara, N. (2015). Selection and verification of kenaf fibres as an alternative
friction material using Weighted Decision Matrix method. Materials and Design,
67, 577–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.10.091
NASA. (2017). Technology Readiness Level. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/engineering/technology/txt_accordi
on1.html
National Kenaf and Tobacco Board. (2020). National Kenaf and Tobacco Board
History (Official Portal). http://www.lktn.gov.my/index.php/en/nktb-info/nktbprofile/
history
Nezamoleslami, A., Suzuki, K., & Kadoya, T. (1997). Preparation and Properties of
Retted Kenaf Bast Fiber Pulp and Evaluation as Substitute for Manila Hemp
Pulp. 6(6).
Nishino, T., Hirao, K., Kotera, M., Nakamae, K., & Inagaki, H. (2003). Kenaf
reinforced biodegradable composite. Composites Science and Technology,
63(9), 1281–1286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00099-X
Nissan. (2006). Genuine Nissan Oil Filters. Nissan Motor Company, Ltd.
Norazah Mohd Suki. (2015). Customer environmental satisfaction and loyalty in the
consumption of green products. International Journal of Sustainable
Development & World Ecology, 22:4, 292–301.
O’Keefe, P., Meier, B., Meyer, S., Volkman, J., Jackson, A., Lynn, M., Elks, J., &
Brungardt, S. (2001). Analysis of Disposal Methods for Do-It-Yourselfer Used Oil
Filters, Policy and Planning Division Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.
https://www.lrl.mn.gov/docs/pre2003/other/010213.pdf
Omenna, E. C., & Ailenokhuoria, B. V. (2017). FTIR Characterisation and Chemo-
Mechanical Distinction of Retted Kenaf Fibres . Sustainability, Agri, Food and
Environmental Research, 5(4), 66–81.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2011).
Sustainable Manufacturing Toolkit Start-up Guide: Seven steps to
environmental excellence Environmentally.
https://www.oecd.org/innovation/green/toolkit/48704993.pdf
Osman, D. I., Attia, S. K., & Taman, A. R. (2018). Recycling of used engine oil by
different solvent. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(2), 221–225.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpe.2017.05.010
Othman, Mohd Shahwahid and Saleh, Mahmudin and Md Tahir, Paridah and Harun,
Jalaluddin and Hashim, Norchahaya and Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Nor and Ayeru,
Singaram and Ahmad Saffian, H. (2012). Kenaf: a potential fibre for pulp and
paper manufacture. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Timber Industry Board.
Pandey, R. K., & Agrawal, V. P. (2004). Design and Development of Centrifugal Oil
Filter for Fine Filtration. 4th International Conference on Industrial Tribology,
January, 1–7.
Paridah, M. T., Basher, A., SaifulAzry, S., & Ahmed, Z. (2011). Retting process of
some bast plant fibres and its effect on fibre quality: A review. Bioresources, 6,
5260–5281.
Pavithra, R., Gunasekaran, S., Sailatha, E., & Kamatchi, S. (2015). Investigations on
Paper Making Raw Materials and Determination of Paper Quality by FTIR-UATR
and UV-Vis DRS Spectroscopy. 3(11), 42–59.
Peças, P., Carvalho, H., Salman, H., & Leite, M. (2018). Natural Fibre Composites
and Their Applications: A Review. Journal of Composites Science, 2(4), 66.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs2040066
R. Ayadi, M. Hanana, R. Mzid, L. Hamrouni, M. l. K. & A. S. H. (2017). Hibiscus
cannabinus L. – Kenaf : A Review Paper. Journal of Natural Fibers, 14:4, 466–
484.
Radzuan, N. A. M., Ismail, N. F., Radzi, M. K. F. M., Razak, Z. Bin, Tharizi, I. B.,
Sulong, A. B., Haron, C. H. C., & Muhamad, N. (2020). Kenaf composites for
automotive components: Enhancement in machinability and moldability.
Polymers, 11(10), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101707
Saad, M. J., & Ibrahim, R. (2016). Mechanical properties of beating pulp and paper
from rice straw. J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc, 44(1), 103–109.
http://jtafs.mardi.gov.my/jtafs/44-1/mechanical.pdf
Samariha, A. (2011). Effect of Beating Value on Bagasse CMP Pulp Fiber
Characteristics. World Applied Science Journal, 12(11), 1987–1988.
Sdrolia, E., & Zarotiadis, G. (2019). a Comprehensive Review for Green Product
Term: From Definition To Evaluation. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(1), 150–
178. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12268
Shakhes, J., Zeinaly, F., Marandi, M. A. B., & Saghafi, T. (2011). The effects of
processing variables on the soda and soda-AQ pulping of Kenaf bast fiber.
BioResources, 6(4), 4626–4639. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.4.4626-4639
Shamsudin, R., Abdullah, H., & Kamari, A. (2016). Application of Kenaf Bast Fiber to
Adsorb Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) in Aqueous Solution: Single- and Multi-metal
Systems. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7,
715–723. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2016.7.10.868
Shamsudin, R., Abdullah, H., & Sinang, S. C. (2015). Properties of Oil Sorbent
Material Produced From Kenaf Fiber. International Journal of Environmental
Science and Developement, 6(7). https://doi.org/10.7763/IJESD.2015.V6.655
Smith, R. (2011). The environmental sustainability of paper. Graduate Studies
Journal of Organisational Dynamics, 1(1), 1–18.
Stephan, B., Lee, I., & Kim, J. (2019). Crashing the climate: how the car industry is
driving the climate crisis. Greenpeace East Asia and Greenpeace Germany.
https://www.greenpeace.de/sites/www.greenpeace.de/files/publications/gp_clea
nairnow_carindustryreport_full_v5_0919_72ppi_0.pdf
Števulova, N., Hospodárova, V., & Eštoková, A. (2017). Study of Thermal Analysis of
Selected Cellulose Fibres. GeoScience Engineering, 62(3), 18–21.
https://doi.org/10.1515/gse-2016-0020
Suraj, M., & Khan, A. (2015). Environmental Impact of Paper Industry. International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 3(20), 1–3.
Talib, R. J., Selamat, M. A., Nordin, N. A., Jumahat, A., Sharudin, H., Zaharudin,
A.M., Pauh, J. P., Pauh, P., & Pinang, P. (2018). Aptness of kenaf powder as a
friction modifier in the fabrication of brake friction material by powder metallurgy
route. Jurnal Tribologi, 19, 121–131.
TAPPI. (2020). TAPPI Publications. https://www.tappi.org/
TAPPI T-205. (2006). Forming handsheets for physical tests of pulp ( Reaffirmation
of T 205 sp-02 ).
TAPPI T-220 sp-01. (2001). Physical testing of pulp handsheets.
TAPPI T-248. (2000). Laboratory beating of pulp ( PFI mill method ) standard
practice T 248 sp-00 (p. 6).
TAPPI T-402 sp-08. (2008). Standard conditioning and testing atmospheres for paper,
board , pulp handsheets , and related products. Tappi, 2–6.
Tappi T-410 om-08. (2013). Grammage of paper and paperboard ( weight per unit
area ) ( Revision of T 410 om-08 ).
TAPPI T-411 om-97. (1997). T 411 Thickness (Caliper) of Paper, Paperboard, and
Combined Board.
TAPPI T-414 om-98. (2004). Internal tearing resistance of paper ( Elmendorf-type
method ). July, 1–7.
TAPPI T-494 om-01. (2006). Tensile properties of paper and paperboard (using
constant rate of elongation apparatus). 1–28.
TAPPI T-511 om-02. (2006). Folding endurance of paper ( MIT tester ) ( Revision of
T 511 om-08 ). 1–4.
TAPPI T 227 om-99. (1999). Freeness of pulp ( Canadian standard method ).
TAPPI T 403 om-97. (1997). Bursting strength of paper T 403 om-97. TAPPI TEST
METHODS. Technical Association of Pulp an Paper Industry. Atlanta, GA. Tappi
Press., 1–6.
TAPPI T 460 Om-02. (2006). Air resistance of paper (Gurley method) (Revision of T
460 om-02). Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI).
TAPPI T221 cm-99. (1999). Drainage time in pulp.
Tholibon, D., Tharazi, I., Sulong, A. B., Muhamad, N., Farhani Ismail, N., Fadzly, K.,
Radzi, M., Afiqah, N., Radzuan, M., & Hui, D. (2019). Kenaf Fiber Composites:
A Review on Synthetic and Biodegradable Polymer Matrix (Komposit Gentian
Kenaf: Satu Ulasan bagi Sintetik dan Biodegradasi Polimer Matrik). Jurnal
Kejuruteraan, 31(1), 65–76.
Tingjie, C., Yongqun, X., Qihua, W., Wang, X., Olle, H., Olov, K., & Liu Jinghong.
(2016). com Effect of Refining on Physical Properties and Paper Strength of
Pinus massoniana and China Fir Cellulose Fibers. BioResources, 11(3), 7839–
7848.
U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2019). Electricity explained: Electricity in the
United States - Basics.
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/electricity-in-the-us.php
Udohitinah, J. S., & Oluwadare, A. O. (2011). Pulping Properties of Kraft Pulp of
Nigerian-Grown Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinus L.). BioResources, 6(1), 751–761.
Udonne, J. D. (2011). A comparative study of recycling of used lubrication Oils using
distillation , acid and activated charcoal with clay methods. Journal of Petroleum
and Gas Engineering, 2(2), 12–19.
Ulfa, M., Trisunaryanti, W., & Setiaji, B. (2014). Effect of Beating on Coir Handsheet
Properties. American Journal of Oil and Chemical Technologies, 2(1), 12–24.
Umair, M., Azis, N., Halis, R., & Jasni, J. (2020). Investigation of kenaf paper in the
presence of pva for transformers application. Materials, 13(21), 1–23.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215002
Umair, M., Azis, N., Halis, R., & Jasni, J. (2018). Investigation on the Effect of
Beating on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Untreated Kenaf Based
Insulation Paper. Proc. of the 2018 IEEE 5th International Conference on Smart
Instrumentation, Measurement and Applications (ICSIMA 2018) 28-
30November 2018, Songkhla, Thailand, April 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSIMA.2018.8688758
United Nation Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). (2020). The 2019 EPA
Automotive Trends Report: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fuel Economy, and
Technology since 1975 (Issue March).
https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100YVFS.pdf
United Nations. (2015). The United Nation Framework Convention on Climate
Change: Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Conference of the Parties, Twenty-
First Session, 21932(December), 32.
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2020). United States
Protection Agency Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks:
1990–2018. In United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Issue
EPA 430-R-2-002).
Venelampi, O., Weber, A., Rönkkö, T., & Itävaara, M. (2003). The Biodegradation
and Disintegration of Paper Products in the Composting Environment. Compost
Science & Utilization, 11(3), 200–209.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2003.10702128
Ververis, C., Georghiou, K., Christodoulakis, N., Santas, P., & Santas, R. (2004).
Fiber dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and
their suitability for paper production. Industrial Crops and Products, 19(3), 245–
254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.10.006
Whitford, F., Fitch, J., Nowaskie, D., Lumkes, J., & Smith, K. L. (2002). Engine Oils
and Their Filters. Noria.
https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/31395/engine-oils-filters
Wong, V. W., & Tung, S. C. (2016). Overview of automotive engine friction and
reduction trends–Effects of surface, material, and lubricant-additive
technologies. Friction, 4(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-016-0107-9
Yang, Y., Boom, R., Irion, B., van Heerden, D. J., Kuiper, P., & de Wit, H.
(2012).Recycling of composite materials. Chemical Engineering and
Processing: Process Intensification, 51, 53–68.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2011.09.007
Yuhazri, M. Y., Amirhafizan, M. H., Abdullah, A., Yahaya, S. H., & Lau, S. T. W.
(2017). Potentiality of utilising non-woven kenaf fibre composite for car door
map pocket. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 11(2), 129–138.
Yuhazri, M. Y., Amirhafizan, M. H., Abdullah, A., Yahaya, S. H., Lau, S. T. W., &
Kamarul, A. M. (2018). Kenaf fibre composites as promising green-composites
for automotive car door map pocket application. International Journal of
Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, 18(2), 15–21.
Zaini, L. H., Jonoobi, M., Tahir, P. M., & Karimi, S. (2013). Isolation and
Characterization of Cellulose Whiskers from Kenaf (<i>Hibiscus
cannabinus</i> L.) Bast Fibers. Journal of Biomaterials and
Nanobiotechnology, 04(01), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2013.41006