UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian berbentuk kuasi eksperimen ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk
membangunkan dan menilai keberkesanan Video Assisted Electrochemistry
Learning Aids (VAELA) ke atas pencapaian dan tahap motivasi pelajar. Modul ini
dibina menggunakan reka bentuk instruksional Model ADDIE yang mengandungi
lima fasa iaitu analisis, reka bentuk, pembangunan, pelaksanan penilaian. VAELA
turut dibina berdasarkan Teori Konstruktivisme dan Teori Kognitif Pembelajaran
Multimedia bagi memastikan modul yang terhasil adalah berkualiti. Responden
kajian terdiri daripada 72 pelajar tingkatan empat dibahagikan secara sama rata
kepada kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan. Instrumen yang digunakan
untuk menilai tahap pencapaian pelajar adalah pra ujian dan pasca ujian pencapaian
elektrokimia. Tahap motivasi pelajar diukur dengan menggunakan pra dan pasca
soal selidik motivasi. Analisis ujian t menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang
signifikan dalam skor pascaujian pencapaian elektrokimia antara kumpulan yang
menggunakan VAELA dan kumpulan yang menggunakan kaedah tradisional.
analisis ANOVA menunjukkan tiada kesan interaksi yang signifikan antara
kumpulan dan tahap motivasi yang berbeza dalam ujian pasca motivasi terhadap
ujian pencapaian elektrokimia dan Tuckey HSD Pos Hoc menunjukkan terdapat
perbezaan yang signifikan antara ketiga-tiga tahap motivasi ke atas pencapaian
pelajar apabila menggunakan VAELA. Perbandingan skor pra soal selidik motivasi
dengan skor pasca soal selidik motivasi bagi kumpulan rawatan menunjukkan
perbezaan yang signifikan apabila dianalisis menggunakan ujian t. Kesimpulannya,
penggunaan VAELA berupaya untuk meningkatkan pencapaian dan tahap motivasi
pelajar dalam pembelajaran elektrokimia. Implikasinya, kajian ini memberi
sumbangan dalam pendidikan kimia sebagai salah satu aktiviti pembelajaran abad
ke-21. |
References |
Abd. Aziz Kulop Saad & Azlinda Ahamad. (2000). Keberkesanan penggunaan bahan pengajaran multimedia interaktif (BPMI) dalam pengajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Abdul Rahim Abdul Rashid. (2001). Kesan pendekatan pengajaran sistemik terhadap peningkatan penguasaan perbendaharaan kata dan pemahaman murid-murid yang menghadapi masalah membaca di sekolah rendah luar bandar. Tesis Sarjana Pendidikan yang tidak diterbitkan, Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Acar, B. & Tarhan, L. (2007). Effect of cooperative learning strategies on student‟s understanding of concepts in electrochemistry. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 5, 349-373.
Adams, D.J. (2009). Current trends in laboratory class teaching in university bioscience programmes. Bioscience Education, 13(3).
Ainon Mohd. (2003). Teori Motivasi di Tempat Kerja. Bentong: Pts Publictions & Disrtibutor Sdn. Bhd.
Alessi, S.M. & Trollip, S.R. (2001). Multimedia for learning: Methods and development. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
Alias Baba. (1999). Statistik penyelidikan dalam pendidikan dan sains sosial. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Al-Balushi, S. M., Ambusaidi, A. K., Al-Shuaili, A. H., & Taylor, N. (2012). Omani twelfth grade students‟ most common misconceptions in chemistry. Science Education International, 23(3), 221–240.
Amine, B. M., Benachaiba,C., & Guemide, B. (2012). Using multimedia to motivate students in EFL Classrooms: a case study of English master‟s students at Jijel University, Algeria. Malaysian Journal of Distance Education, 14(2), 63-81.
Arguel, A., & Jamet, E. (2009). Using video and static pictures to improve learning of procedural contents. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 354–359.
Arlina, G. (2006). Modul MD-03 menjadi termotivasi untuk belajar. Basic Study Skills, 1-14.
Asal, V., & Kratoville, J. (2013). Constructing International Relations Simulations: Examining the Pedagogy of IR Simulations Through a Constructivist Learning Theory Lens. Journal of Political Science Education, 9(2), 132–143.
Ashfahani Zakaria, Amla Mohd Salleh, Mohd Arif Ismail & Ghavifekr, S. (2015). Promoting meaningful learning via online project-based module. Meaningful Learning, 2-15.
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Mohd Amaluddin Yusoff & Naing Win Oo. (2009). A Comparative Study between Traditional Learning and E-Learning. Teaching and Learning Open Forum 2009, 1-7.
Awanbor, D. (2005).Credentialing Process In The Nigerian Education System. European Journal of Educational Studies.1(3).
Ayres, P., Marcus, N., Chan, C., & Qian, N. (2009). Learning hand manipulative tasks: When instructional animations are superior to equivalent static representations. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 348–353.
Azizi Yahya dan Jaafar Sidek. (2006). Siri kaunseling: Membentuk identiti remaja. Bentong: PTS Profesional Publishing Sdn. Bhd.
Azlina Mohd Kosnin. (2007), Self-regulated learning and academic acheivement inMalaysian undergraduates. International Education Journal, 8, 221-228.
Baharuddin Aris, Rio Sumarni Shariffudin & Manimegalai Subramaniam. (2002). Reka bentuk perisian multimedia. Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Bandura, A. (2001). Social Theory: Aagentic Perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Barral, F. L., Fernandez, E. G. & Otero, J. R. G. (1992). Secondary Students‟ Interpretation of the Process Occuring in an Electrochemical Cell. Journal of Chemical Educati, 69 (8), 655 – 657.
Baylor, A. L. (2005). The Impact of Pedagogical Agent Image on Affective Outcomes. Proceedings of Workshop on Affective Interactions: Computers in the Affective Loop, International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, San Diego, CA, 2005.
Bayman, P. & Mayer, R.E. (1988). Using conceptual models to teach BASIC computer programming. Journal of Education Psychology, 80(3), 291 – 298.
Beal, C. R., & Stevens, R. H. (2011). Improving students‟ problem solving in a web-based chemistry simulation through embedded metacognitive messages. Technology, Instrumentation, Cognition and Learning, 8(3), 255-271.
Bonde, M. T., Makransky, G., Wandall, J., Larsen, M. V., Morsing, M., Jarmer, H., and Sommer, M. O. A. (2014). Improving Biotech Education through Gamified Laboratory Simulations. Nature Biotechnology, 32 (7), 694–697.
Bong, A. Y. L., & Lee. T. T. (2016). Form four students‟ misconceptions in electrolysis of molten compounds and aqueous solutions. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning & Teaching, 17(1), 157–184.
Bonser, S. P., De Permentier, P., Green, J., Velan, G. M., Adam, P., & Kumar, R. K. (2013). Engaging students by emphasizing botanical concepts over techniques: Innovative practical exercises using virtual microscopy. Journal of Biological Education, 47(2), 123- 127.
Bortnik, B., Stozhko, N., Pervukhina, I., Tchernysheva, A., & Belysheva, G. (2017). Effect of virtual analytical chemistry laboratory on enhancing student research skills and practices. Research in Learning Technology, 25, 1–20.
Boyle, T. (2002). Towards a theoretical base for educational multimedia design. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2.
British Educational Communications and Technology Agency. (2003) Primary schools – Ict and standards.
Butler, D.L. (2002). Individualizing instruction in self-regulated learning. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 81-92.
Che Suriani Kiflee & Fariza Khalid. (2014). Keberkesanan Kaedah Multimedia dalam Pengajarandan Pembelajaran Terhadap Pelajar-Pintar. International Seminar on Global Education II: Education Transformation towards a Developed Nation. (pp. 135-159). Bangi: Fakulti Pendidikan, UKM
Cher, G. C. (2004). Meninjau Kerangka Alternatif Terhadap Konsep Asas Elektrokimia Di Kalangan Pealjar Yang Pernah Mempelajari Tajuk Elektrokimia. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris: Tesis Sarjana Muda.
Chiu, M., & Wu, H. (2009). The roles of multimedia in the teaching and learning of the triplet relationship in chemistry. In J. K. Gilbert & D. Treagust (Eds.), Multiple Representations in Chemical Education, Models and Modeling in Science Education 4 (pp. 251–283). Dordrecht: Springer.
Choo, W. O. & Halimah Badioze Zaman (2002). Penggunaan pakej perisian system papan cerita berelektronik dalam pembinaan kandungan perisian pendidikan multimedia. Jurnal Pendidikan Guru, 15, 374 – 6.
Chua, Yan Piau. (2006), Kaedah Penyelidikan Buku 1. Kuala Lumpur: Mc Graw Hill. Clarebout, G., Elen, J., Johnson, W.L. & Shaw, E. (2002). Animated Pedagogical Agents: An Opportunity to be Grasped? Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 11(3), 267-286.
Clarebout, G. & Elen, J. (2007). In Search of Pedagogical Agents' Modality and Dialogue Effects in Open Learning Environments. http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ejist/docs/vol10_no1/papers/full_papers/clarebout_elen. pdf [10 Mei 2013].
Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2003). e-Learning and the science of instruction: PfeifferSan Francisco.
Clark, M. H., & Shadish, W. R. (2007). Quasi-Experimental Method. Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics, 806-809. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2008). E-Learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning (2nd ed.). Pfeiffer/John Wiley & Sons . San Francisco.
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Dahlqvist, P. (2000). Animations in Physics Learning. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Darrah, M., R. Humbert, J. Finstein, M. Simon, and J. Hopkins. (2014). Are Virtual Labs as Effective as Hands-on Labs for Undergraduate Physics? A Comparative Study at Two Major Universities. Journal of Science Education andTechnology, 23, 803–814.
Deng, X., W. J. Doll, & D. Truong. (2004). The Determinants and Consequences of Computer Self-Efficacy in an Ongoing Use Context. Behavior & Information Technology, (23) 6, 395-412.
Denny, M. & Chennell, F. (1986). Science Practical: What do Pupils Think? European Journal of Science Education, 8(3), 325-336.
Durmus, J., & Bayraktar, S. (2010). Effects of conceptual change texts and laboratory experiments on fourth grade students‟ understanding of matter and change concepts. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 19(5), 498–504.
Dyrberg, N. R., Treusch, A. H., & Wiegand, C. (2017). Virtual laboratories in science education: students‟ motivation and experiences in two tertiary biology courses. Journal of Biological Education, 51(4), 358-374.
Erdosne Toth, E., Morrow, B., & Ludvico, L. (2009). Designing Blended Inquiry Learning in a Laboratory Context: A Study of Incorporating Hands-On and Virtual Laboratories. Innovative Higher Education, 33(5), 333–344.
Evans, C., & Gibbons, N. J. (2007). The interactivity effect in multimedia learning. Computers & Education, 49, 1147–1160.
Faizah A. Karim, Rafidah Sinone, Juliyana Baharudin, Norashikin Sahadan. (2005). Keperluan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Multimedia bagi Subjek Sistem Elektronik 1 : Satu Kajian Rintis di Politeknik Pasir Gudang (PJB). Seminar Pendidikan 2005, Fakulti Pendidikan, UTM, 15 Oktober 2005.
Fariza Khalid. (2014). Students’ Views on the Use of e-Portfolio and Support Given to Promote Their Computer Learning for Educational Purposes. Recent Advance in Telecommunications, Informatics and Educational Technologies, 1, 54-59.
Farizatul Laili Md. Johari (2011). Penggunaan perisian agen pedagogi animasi bagi mata pelajaran Kimia Tingkatan Empat untuk subtopik elektrolisis dalam industri.Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Muda yang tidak diterbitkan. Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Fazilah Isa. (2006). Miskonsepsi di Kalangan Pelajar Tingkatan 4 Dalam Memahami Konsep Elektrolisis. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Tesis Sarjana Muda.
Finkelstein, N. D., Adams, W. K., Keller, C. J., Kohl, P. B., Perkins, K. K., Podolefsky, N. S. & Reid, S. (2005). When learning about the real world is better done virtually: A study of substituting computer simulations for laboratory equipment. Physical Review Special Topics – Physics Education Research, 1(1).
Finkelstein, J. (2006). Learning in real times: synchronous teaching and learning online. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Finley, F. N., Stewart, J. & Yarroch, W.L. (1982) . Teachers‟ Perception of important and difficult Science Content. Science Education, 66 (4), 531 – 538.
Flint, S., & Stewart, T. (2010). Food microbiology-design and testing of a virtual laboratory exercise. Journal of Food Science Education, 9(4), 84-89.
Gabare, C., Gabarre, S., Rosseni Din, Parilah Mohd Shah, & Aidah Abdul Karim. (2014). iPads in the Foreign Language Classroom : A Learner‟s Perspective. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 20, 115-128.
Garavalia, L. S. & Gredler, M. E. (2002). An Exploratory Study of Academic Goal Setting, Achievement Calibration and Self-Regulated Learning. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 29(4), 221-231.
Garnett, P. J. & Treagust, D. F. (1992a). Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Senior High School Students of Electrochemistry: Electric Circuits and Oxidation – Reduction Equation. Journals Of Research In Science Teaching, 29 (2), 121 – 142.
Garnett, P. J. & Treagust, D. F. (1992b). Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Senior High School Students of Electrochemistry: Electrochemical (Galvanic) and Electrolytic Cell. . Journals Of Research In Science Teaching, 29 (10), 1079 – 1099.
Garnett, P. J. & Hackling, M. W. (1993). Chemistry Misconceptions at the Secondary- Tertiary Interface. Chemistry in Australia, 60 (3), 117 – 119.
Garnett, P. J., Garnett, P. J. & Hackling, M. W. (1995). Students‟ Alternative Conceptions in Chemistry: A Review of Research and Implications for Teaching and Learning. Studies in Science Education, 25, 69 – 95.
Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. (2000). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and application (6th ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill.
Ghazali Yusri, Nik Mohd Rahimi dan Parilah (2010). Kebimbangan Ujian dan Motivasi dalam Kalangan Pelajar Kursus Bahasa Arab dalam Konteks Kemahiran Lisan. ASEAN Journal of Teaching & Learning in Higher Education. 2 (2).
Giam, K. H. (2000). Gaya Pembelajaran Dan Penggunaan Multimedia Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran. Jurnal Pendidikan, 2(3).
Gibbons, N. J., Christ, E., Payne, A., Shah, K. and Griffin, D. (2004). Computer Simulations Improve University Instructional Laboratories. Cell Biology Education, 3, 263–269.
Greenbowe, T.J. (1994). An interactive multimedia software program for exploring electrochemical cells. Journal of Chemical Education, 71(7), 555 – 557.
Greenbowe, T.J. & Sanger, M.J. (1997). Common student misconception in electrochemistry: Galvanic, electrolytic, and concentration cells. Journal of Research Science Teaching, 34(4), 377 – 398.
Greenbowe, T.J. & Sanger, M.J. (2000). Addressing student misconceptions concerning electron flow in aqueous solutions with instruction including computer animation and conceptual change strategies. Journal of Chemical Education, 22(5), 521 – 537.
Griffith, A.K. & Preston, R.K. (1992). Grade-12 student‟s misconception relating to fundamental characteristic of atoms and molecules. Journal of Education Research, 29(6), 611 – 628.
Hamidah Baba (2000). Multimedia pendidikan dalam p&p sekolah bestari. Jurnal Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan,2 , 7 – 16.
Hamimah Abu Naim & Buerah Tunggak. (2014). Kesan motivasi dan strategi pembelajaran terhadap pencapaian akademik dalam mata pelajaran sains. Sains Humanika, 2(1), 55– 64.
Harlina binti Ishak, Zubaidah Mat Nor & Ainee Ahmad. (2017). Pembelajaran Interaktif Berasaskan Aplikasi Kahoot dalam Pengajaran Abad Ke-21. Buku Panduan Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Abad ke21. Institut Pendidikan Aminuddin Baki, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Hasnira Embong. 2005. Pembinaan dan keberkesanan penggunaan perisian multimedia Elektrokimia dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran kimia tingkatan 4. Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (tidak diterbitkan).
Heath, S. (1999). Multimedia and Communications Technology. Focal Press.
Hill, J.R. & Hannafin, M.J. (2001). Teaching and Learning in Digital Environments: The Resurgence of Resourse-Based Learning. ETR&D, 49(3), 37-52.
Hodson, D. (1996). Practical Work in School Science: Exploring Some Directions for Change. International Journal of Science Education, 18(7), 755-760.
Hynd C., Holschuh J., Nist S. (2000). Learning Complex Scientific Information: Motivation Theory and its Relation to Student Perceptions. Reading Writing Quarterly, 16 (1), 23- 35.
Ismail Zain. (2002). Aplikasi Multimedia dalam Pengajaran, Kuala Lumpur: Sanon Printing Corporation sdn Bhd.
Ittigson, R.J. & Zewe, J.G. (2003). Technology in the mathematics classroom. In Tomei, L.A. (Ed.). Challenges of Teaching with Technology Across the Curriculum: Issues and Solutions. Hershey: Information Science Publishing, 114-133.
Jackson, S.L. (2003). Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Jamalludin Harun, Zaidatun Tasir (2001). Pembangunan Perisian Multimedia : Satu Pendekatan Sistematik. Edisi Pertama. Kuala Lumpur: Venton Publishing.
Jamalludin Harun & Zaidatun Tasir. (2003). Multimedia dalam pendidikan. Pahang: PTS Publications & Distributors.
Jamalludin Harun, Baharuddin Aris & Zaidatun Tasir. (2003). Pembangunan Perisian Multimedia: Satu pendekatan sistematik, (Edisi ke-2), Selangor: Venton Publishing.
Jamaludin Mohaiadin. (1999). Konstruktivisme: Aplikasinya dalam reka bentuk pembelajaran berasaskan web. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-12 (m.s.11 – 4). Port Dickson: Persatuan Teknologi Pendidikan.
Jansak, K. E., & Alley, L. R. (2001). The Ten Keys to Quality Assurance and Assessment in Online Learning. Journal of Interactive Instruction Development, 3-18.
Juppri Bacotang & Zainiah Mohamad Isa. (2016). Aplikasi Model ADDIE dalam Pembangunan. 1st International Teacher Education Conference on Teaching Practice (ITECTP). Modul Awal Literasi (Modul A-Lit) untuk Kanak-kanak TASKA.
Karsli, F., & Ayas, A. (2011). Developing a laboratory activity on electrochemical cell by using 5E learning model for teaching and improving science process skills. Western Anatolia Journal of Educational Sciences : Special Issue. 121-130.
Kashdan, T. B. & F. D. Fincham. (2004). Facilitating Curiosity: A Social and Self-Regulatory Perspective for Scientifically Based Interventions. Positive Psychology in Practice, New Jersey: Wiley, 482-503.
Kaware, S. S., & Sain, S. K. (2015). ICT Application in Education: An Overview. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach and Studies, 2, 25-32.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (1989). Kamus dewan edisi baru. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (1996). Laporan prestasi SPM-Kimia2. Kuala Lumpur: Lembaga Peperiksaan.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2002). Laporan prestasi SPM-Kimia2. Kuala Lumpur: Lembaga Peperiksaan.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2003). Huraian Sukatan Pelajaran Kimia KBSM. Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
Keong, C. C., Sharaf Horani & Daniel, J. (2005). A Study on The Use of ICT in Mathematics Teaching. Malaysian Online Journal of Instuctional Technology, 2(3), 43–51.
Khairunnisa Darus, Ismail Zainol, Hafsah Taha. (2016). Multimedia laboratory module in the learning of electrochemistry : need assessment study. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 4, 31-37.
Kim, Y., Baylor, A.L. & PALS Group. (2006). Pedagogical Agents as Learning Companions: The Role of Agent Competency and Type of Interaction. ETR&D, 54(3), 223-243.
Kirk, K. (2008). Performance, Perception and Choice of Animated Pedagogical Agent. Tesis Doktor Falsafah. University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An Analysis of the Failure of Constructivist, Discovery, Problem-Based, Experiential, and Inquiry-Based Teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75-86.
Koksal, M. S. (2009). Vocational high school students‟ sense of self-efficacy and test anxiety regarding biology learning. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 10(1), 57-67.
Koretsky, M. D., Amatore, D., Barnes, C., & Kimura, S. (2008). Enhancement of student learning in experimental design using a virtual laboratory. IEEE Transactions on Education, 51(1), 76–85.
Lai, S. P. (2003). Keberkesanan Perisian Multimedia bagi Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Eletrokimia (Sel Elektrolisis dan Sel Kimia): Satu Kajian Kes. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Tesis Sarjana Muda yang tidak diterbitkan.
Land, S.M. (2000). Cognitive Requirements for Learning with Open-Ended Learning Environments. ETR&D, 48(3), 61-78.
Lee, E., & Hannafin, M. J. (2016). A Design Framework for Enhancing Engagement in Studentcentered Learning: Own It, Learn It, and Share It. Education Tech Research Dev, 64, 707-734.
Lee, T. T. (2008). Kefahaman pelajar Tingkatan Empat mengenai Elektrokimia. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Lee, T. T. (2013). Penggunaan modul multimedia interaktif dengan agen pedagogi dalam pembelajaran Elektrokimia. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Lee, T. T. & Mohammad Yusof, Arshad. (2009). Miskonsepsi pelajar tingkatan empat mengenai Elektrokimia. Jurnal Sains dan Matematik UPSI, 1(2), 52-64.
Li, P., & Pan, G. (2009). The relationship between motivation and achievement-a survey of the study motivation of English majors in Qingdao Agricultural University. English Language Teaching, 2(1).
Lim, C.H. (2007). Penyelidikan pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantiatif dan kualitatif. Selangor: McGraw- Hill (Malaysia).
Lin, H. S., Yang, T. C., Chiu. H. L. & Chou, C. Y. (2002). Students‟ Difficulties in Learning Electrochemistry. Proceding of the National Science Council, 12(3), 100 – 105.
Liu, H. C., Andre, T. & Greenbowe, T. J. (2008). The impact of learner‟s prior knowledge on their use of chemistry computer simulations: a case study. Journal of Science Edducation and Technology, 17(5), 466-482.
Liu, H.C. 2005. Examining the use of computer simulations to promote learning of electrochemistry among college students. Tesis Ph.D. Iowa State University (tidak diterbitkan).
Livingstone, D.W. (2001). Adults’ Informal Learning: Definitions, Findings, Gaps and Future Research. Centre for the Study of Education and Work, NALL Working Paper; 21.
Lizawati Mohamad Ham, Hamisah Abu Rashid, Ku Haslina Ku Abd Manaf & Mohd Taufiq Syakirin. (2017). Tahap motivasi intrinsik dan pencapaian pelajar dalam pembelajaran kimia topik gas berasaskan permainan „Jejak Rembo‟. Jurnal Penyelidikan Dedikasi, 13.
Lou, S. J., Lin, H. C., Shih, R. C. & Tseng, K. H. (2012). Improving the effectiveness of organic chemistry experiments through multimedia teaching materials for junior high school students. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(2), 135-141.
Lowe, R. K. (2003). Animation and learning: Selective processing of information in dynamic graphics. Learning and Instruction, 13, 157–176.
Lowe, R. K. (2004). Animation and learning: Value for money? In R. Atkinson, C. McBeath, D. Jonas-Dwyer, & R. Phillips (Eds.), Beyond the comfort zone: Proceedings of the 21st ASCILITE Conference, 558–561. Retrieved 29 Januari 2013, from http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/perth04/ procs/lowe-r.html.
Lynda W. K. N. & Megan K. Y. C. (2002). Authentic Problem-Based Learning. Singapore : Prentice Hall.
Ma, J., & J. V. Nickerson. (2006). Hands-On, Simulated, and Remote Laboratories: A Comparative Literature Review. ACM Computing Surveys, 38(3), 1–24.
Mahajan, D. S. & Singh, G. S. Lonaka. (2005). Bulletin of the Center for Academic Development University of Bostwana, 14, 25-35.
Martens, R. L., & Kirschner, P. A. (2004). Predicting intrinsic motivation. Association for Educational Communications and Technology (pp. 621-630). Washington, DC: Association for Educational Communications and Technology.
Martinez, G., F. L. Naranjo, Á. L. Pérez, M. I. Suero, & P. J. Pardo. (2011). Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Three Learning Environments: Hyper-realistic Virtual Simulations, Traditional Schematic Simulations and Traditional Laboratory. Physical Review Special Topics – Physics Education Research, 7 (2), 1–12.
Mayer, R. E. (2014). Cognitive theory of multimedia learning. In R. E. Mayer (Ed.), Cambridge handbooks in psychology. The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning (p. 43–71). Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, R. E. (2001). Multimedia learning. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.
Mayer, R.E., Sobko, K. & Mautone, P.D. (2003). Social Cues in Multimedia Learning: Role of Speaker‟s Voice. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(2), 419-425.
Mayer, R. E. (2003). Elements of a science of e-learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research.
Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McBrien, J. L. & Brandt, R. S. (1997). The Language of Learning: A Guide to Education Terms. Alexandria, VA. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
McKenney, S., & Reeves, T. C. (2012). Conducting educational design research. New York: Routledge.
Mei-Hung Chiu. (2005). A National Survey Of Students‟ Conceptions In Chemistry In Taiwan. Chemical Education International, 6(1).
Melaku, M. W. & Gizaw, G. S. (2019). Motivation and attitude towards learning chemistry. African Journal of Chemistry Education, 9 (2).
Michelle, Tong Chung Koon. (2003). Hubungkait Antara Kecekapan Sosial Dan Motivasi Pembelajaran Dengan Pencapaian Akademik. Tidak diterbitkan. Tesis Sarjana. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Mohamed Amin Embi & Azmi Abdul Latiff. (1999). Membina perisian interaktif multimedia: Pembelajaran arahan kendiri. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-12. Port Dickson: Persatuan Teknologi Pendidikan.
Mohamed Shariff Salehuadin. (2002). Pembangunan perisian pengajaran dan pembelajaran berbantukan komputer: Macromedia Flash 4 peringkat permulaan. Tesis sarjana pendidikan yang tidak diterbitkan, Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Mohd Afifi Bahurudin Setambah, Nor‟ain Mohd Tajudin, Mazlini Adnan & Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad. (2017). Adventure Based Learning Module: Content Validity and Reliability Process. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science, 7(2).
Mohd Arif Hj Ismail, Abdullah Mohd Sarif, & Rosnaini Hj Mahmud. (2000). Pembangunan perisian multimedia interaktif Geografi. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-13 (m.s.61 – 68). Ipoh: Persatuan Teknologi Pendidikan.
Mohd Feham Md. Ghalib. (2006). Design, Development & Evaluation of a Web Courseware with a Pedagogical Agent. Tesis Doktor Falsafah Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Mohd Majid Konting. (1990). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohd Majid Konting. (2000). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Pustaka.
Mohd Majid Konting (2005). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur : Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohd. Najib Abdul Ghafar. (1999). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Skudai: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mohd. Najib Abdul Ghafar. (2003). Reka Bentuk Tinjauan Soal selidik Pendidikan. Skudai: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mohd Nor Bakar & Mohd Izham Mukhtar. (2011). Masalah yang dihadapi dikalangan pelajar tingkatan 4 dalaam proses pembelajaran elektrolisis leburan berdasarkan matapelajaran kimia KBSM. Jurnal of Educational Social Science, 1, 96-120.
Mohd Salleh Tahar, Noraiani Kaprawi, Jailani Md Yunos, Wahid Razzaly, Ilyas Hj Hashim & Abdul Mutalib Leman. (2004). Penghasilan kit sumber penyamanan udara (SYS.TPU.1) dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran pendidikan kejuruteraan di KUiTTHO. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-17 (m.s.141 – 160). Pulau Pinang: Persatuan Teknologi Pendidikan.
Mohseni, Majid & Sarkeshikian, Amir. (2015). Test Anxiety, Task Value and Control of Learning Beliefs as Predictors of Affective Language Learning Strategies: The Case of Iranian EFL Students.
Muhamad Suhaimi Taat & Mohd Yusof Abdullah. (2014). Impak Pengajaran Dan Bimbingan Guru Pendidikan Islam Terhadap Motivasi Dan Pembelajaran Terarah Kendiri Pelajar. Journal for Educational Thinkers, 5, 1-17.
Mustafa, Z., & Salim, H. (2012). Factors Affecting Students‟ Interest in Learning Islamic Education. Journal of Education and Practice, 3(13), 81-86.
Muzammila Akram, Johari Surif & Murad Ali. (2014). Conceptual Difficulties of Secondary School Students in Electrochemistry. Asian Social Science, 10(19).
Narayanasamy, K. (2000). Melayan Pelbagai Gaya Pembelajaran : Pengajaran Kemahiran Berfikir Sebagai Satu Alternatif Berkesan. Jurnal Pendidikan Tiga ENF. 2(3), 64-70.
Neuville, S. Frenay, M. & Bourgeois, E. (2007). Task Value, Self-Efficacy and Goal Orientations: Impact on self-regulated learning, choice and performance among university students. Psychologica Belgica, 47, 95-117.
Ng, L. H. (2002). Sejauhmanakah kerangka alterbatif tentang sel galvani berlaku dikalangan pelajar program sains (kimia). Projek ilmiah sarjana muda yang tidak diterbitkan, Tanjong Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Niemczyk, M. & Savenye, W. (2005). Self-regulation in computer literacy course. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 9(4).
Noah, M.N. & Ahmad, J. (2005). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana Membina Modul Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Noraini Ahmad. (2002). Siri Motivasi Dan Kecemerlangan Utusan: Kaunseling Kekeluargaan. Cheras: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Noraini Idris. (2013). Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Shah Alam : McGraw-Hill Education.
Norliana Hashim & Shaharom Noordin. (2005). Pembinaan dan Penilaian Kesuaian Pengajaran Kendiri Sifat Jirim bagi Mata Pelajaran Fizik KBSM Tingkatan Empat. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor.
Norton, P., & Sprague, D. (2001). Technology for teaching. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Nur Sharydatul Elyza Saharudin, Nik Farhan Mustapha, Hazlina Abdul Halim, Jusang Bolong. (2017). Motivasi pelajar terhadap penggunaan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT) dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Perancis. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 15(2).
Nur Qistina Abdullah & Hazman Ali. (2006). Penggunaan Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (ICT) dalam Kalangan Guru-Guru Sekolah Kebangsaan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Nurul Ain Hamsari dan Azizi Yahaya. (2012). Peranan motivasi pembelajaran, gaya keibubapaan dan sikap dengan pencapaian akademik. Journal of Educational Psychology & Counseling, 5, 30-57.
Ogune, A. N. & Bradley, J. D. (1994). Ionic Conduction and Electrical Neutrality in Operating Electrochemical Cells: Pre-College and College Student Interpretations. Journal of Chemical Education, 71 (1), 29 – 34.
Olubu, O. M. (2015). Effects Of Laboratory Learning Environment On Students' Learning Outcomes In Secondary School Chemistry. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 8(2), 507-525.
Ozdener, N. (2005). Deneysel ogretim yontemlerinde benzetisim (simulation) kullanimi. The Turkish Online Journal Of Educational Technology – TOJET, 4 (4).
Ozkaya, R.A., Uce, M., & Sahin, M. (2003). Prospective teachers‟ conceptual understanding of electrochemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 7(1), 1-8.
Pajares, F. (2002). Gender and perceived self-efficacy in self-regulated learning. Theory Into Practice, 41(2), 116-125.
Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival manual – a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows. Buckingham Open University Press.
Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. (2013). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Penuel W. R., Abrahamson A. L., Roschelle, J. (2006) Theorizing the transformed classroom: A sociocultural interpretation of the effects of audience response systems in higher education. In: Banks D (ed) Audience response systems in higher education: applications and cases. Information Science Publishing, Hershey, 187–208.
Perkins-Gough, D. (2005). The Status of Science Lab. America’s Lab Report: Investigations in High School Science. United State of America.
Pintrich, P. R. (1999). The role of motivation in promoting and sustaining selfregulated learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 31(6), 459-470.
Pintrich, R.R., & DeGroot, E.V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40.
Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). The University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Polit, D. F., Beck, C.T. & Owen, S. V. (2007) Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing and Health, 30, 459- 467.
Potvin, P., & Hasni, A. (2014). Interest, motivation and attitude towards science and technology at K-12 levels: a systematic review of 12 years of educational research. Studies in Science Education, 50(1), 85-129.
Raineri, D. (2001). Virtual Laboratories Enhance Traditional Undergraduate Biology Laboratories. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 29, 160–162.
Rajmah Hassan Siarat. (2005). Buku Teks-Tetap Relevan di zaman ICT. Utusan Malaysia.
Rasidah Rashid. (2008). Hubungan antara gaya pembelajaran dengan motivasi dalam kalangan pelajar di sebuah sekolah luar bandar di Sabah. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Razak Abd Samad Yahya, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud & Rosly Jaafar. (2019). Development and evaluation of multi-frame video recorded experiments as self-learning materials for electricity topic. Malaysian Online Journal of Education Technology, 7(1).
Reeves, B. & Nass, C. (1996). The media equation : How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rosazley Ramly, Rosly Jaafar, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud, Shaharudin Ali, Wan Zul Adli Wan Mokhtar, Roszairi Haron & Nur Azmina Mohamed Safian. (2014). Effectiveness study of interactive lecture demonstration based in multi-frames display system for preuniversity physics: capasitor. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 2, 32-39.
Rosazley Ramly, Rosly Jaafar, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud, Shaharudin Ali, Wan Zul Adli Wan Mokhtar, Roszairi Haron & Nur Azmina Mohamed Safian. (2016). Effectiveness of multi-frames video recorded experiments on pre-university sudents‟ achievement for capacitor topic. EDUCATUM JSMT, 3 (2), 38-43.
Rosly, J., Shahrul Kadri, A., Roszairi, H., Shaharudin, A., Zul Adli, W. M., & Razak Samad, Y. (2012). The utilization of a multi-frame video system in the teaching and learning of science. Paper presented at the Proceedings of EDULEARN12 Conference, Barcelona, Spain.
Rosni Adom dan Nor Aishah Buang (2000). Aplikasi model pembelajaran penceritaan dalam reka bentuk instruksi perisian pendidikan multimedia subjek ekonomi asas tingkatan 4. Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-13, 79 – 98.
Rosset, A. (1987). Training Needs Assessment. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ; Educational Technology Publication Sandholtz.
Rozinah Jamaludin. (2000). Asas-asas multimedia dalam pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd.
Rozinah Jamaludin. (2005). Multimedia dalam pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd
Ruhizan Mohd. Yassin, Mohd. Jasmy Abd. Rahman, Norlena Salamuddin & Rosadah Abd. Majid. (2001). Proses kognitif pelajar cemerlang dan tidak cemerlang. Jurnal Pendidikan, 27 – 34.
Rusmini Ku Ahmad (2003). Integrasi teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Jurnal Pengurusan Dan Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 13(01), 82-91.
Russell J. D. (1974). Modular Instruction: A Guide to the Design, Selection, Utilization and Evaluation of Modular Materials. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess Publishing Company.
Russilo, M. T. C. & Arias, P. F. C. (2004).Gender Differences In Academic Motivation Of Secondary School Students. Electronic of Journal Research in Educational Psychology, 2(1), 97-112.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist,55, 68–78.
Sadiah Baharom, Syarifah Norhaidah Syed Idvos & Nordin Abd. Razak. (2003). Selfregulatory cognitive and rnetacognitive learning strategies of preuniversity students; Issues and challenges, International Seminar an Learning and Motivation; Issues and Challenges in A Borderless World, Copthome Hotel,Penang.
Sadiah Baharom, Ong, E. T., Marzita, P., Sopia, M. Y., Nurul Huda, A. R., & Muhamad, I. M. S. (2009). The Validation and adaptation of MLSQ aimed to assess student use of self-regulated learning. Paper presented at 1st International Conference on Educational Research and Practice Enhancing Human Capital through Teacher Education, Faculty of Educational Studies UPM 10-11 June 2009.
Saemah Rahman & John, A. P. (2006). Hubungan antara kesedaran metakognisi dan pencapaian akademik pelajar universiti. Jurnal PendidikanUKM, 31, 21-39.
Saleh Ahmed Al Khatib. (2010). Meta-cognitive self-regulated learning and motivational beliefs as predictors of college students‟ performance. International Journal for Research in Education(IJRE), 27, 57-72.
Salta, K., & Koulougliotis, D,. (2011). Students‟ Motivation to Learn Chemistry: The Greek Case. Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Ionian Islands.
Sanger, M. J., Phelps, A. J. & Fienhold, J. (2000). Using a computer animation to improve students‟ conceptual understanding of a can-crushing demonstration. Journal of Chemical Education, 77(11), 1517.
Sanger, M. J. & Greenbowe, T. J. (1997a). Common Student Misconceptions in Electrochemistry: Galvanic, Electrolytic, and concentration Cells. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 34 (4), 377 – 398.
Sanger, M. J. & Greenbowe, T. J. (1997b). Common Student Misconceptions in Electrochemistry: Current Flow in Electrolyte Soltions and the Salt Bridge. Journal of Chemical Education, 74, 819 – 823.
Sarwat Mubeen, Safia Saeed & Arif, M. H. (2013). An Investigation the Gender Difference into the Status of Intrinsic Motivation towards Science Learning Among Intermediate Science Students . IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 10(6), 81-85.
Seels, B., & Glasgow, Z. (1997). Making instructional design decisions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Sever, S., Yurumezoglu, K., & Oguz-Unver, A. (2010). Comparison teaching strategies of videotaped and demonstration experiments in inquiry-based science education. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Science, 2, 5619–5624.
Shroff, R. H., Vogel, D., Coombes, J., & Lee, F. (2007). Student e-learning intrinsic motivation: A qualitative analysis. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 2007(19), 241-260.
Sidek Mohd Noah & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan modul. Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Serdang: Penerbit UPM.
Sirhan, G. (2007). Learning Difficulties in Chemistry: An Overview, Journal of Turkish Sciences Education, 4(2), 2-20.
Schmidt H., Marohn A., & Harrison A., (2007). Factors that prevent learning in electrochemistry. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 44(2), 258–283.
Schunk, D. H., Pintrich, P. R., & Meece, J. L. (2012). Motivation in Education : Theory, Research and Application. 3rd ed. Pearson.
Storm, M. (2011). Cognitive Development: Cognitive Development (2nd ed.). Amerika: American Institutes for Research. 17-25
Streiner D. L., Norman G. R. & Cairney J. (2014). Health Measurement Scales. A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. 4th ed. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press.
Steinmayr, R., Crede, J., McElvany, N., & Wirthwein, L. (2016). Subjective wellbeing, test anxiety, academic achievement: testing for reciprocal effects. Frontiers in Psychology. 6:1994. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01994.
Subahan T. Meerah. (1990). Pembinaan alat kajian untuk mengukur tingkah laku pengajaran di sekolah dan di universiti. Jurnal Pendidikan, 15, 43-63.
Suriati Awang. (1999). Masalah Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Dalam Mempelajari Persamaan Kimia. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Suppiah Nachiappan, Ramlah Jantan & Abdul Aziz Abdul Shukor. (2008). Psikologi Pendidikan. Selangor: Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.
Swan, A., & O‟Donnell, A. (2009). The contribution of a virtual biology laboratory to college students‟ learning. Innovations in Education & Teaching International, 46(4), 405–419.
Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12, 257-285.
Syed Abd Kadir Syed Abdullah. (2000). Masalah Pelajar Dalam Mempelajari Tajuk Elektrokimia. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Tesis Sarjana Muda.
Talanquer, V. (2011). Macro, Submicro, and Symbolic: The many faces of the chemistry “triplet”. International Journal of Science Education, 33(2),179–195.
Tan, Y.T., Loh, W.L. & Tan, O.T. 2007. Success Chemistry SPM. Shah Alam: Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.
Tuan H. L., Chin, C. C. & Shei, S. H. (2005). The development of a questionnaire to measure students‟ motivation towards science learning. International Journal of Science Education, 27(6), 639–654.
Teksan, K. (2019). The Perceptions of Students Studyıng in the Faculty of Education Towards Reading in Terms of Theır Reading Motivations. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(5), 162–184.
Tooke, D.J. and Lindstiom, L.C. (1998). Effectiveness of Mathematics methods course in reducing math anxiety of preserves elementary teacher. School Science and Mathematics, 98(3), 136-139.
Triona, L. M., & Klahr, D. (2003). Point and click or grab and heft: comparing the influence of physical and virtual instructional materials on elementary school students' ability to design experiments. Cognition and Instruction, 21, 149-173.
Tsapaarlis, G. (2003). Chemical phenomena versus chemical reactions: Do students make the connection?. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 4(1), 31-43.
Tuysuz, C. (2010). The Effect of the Virtual Laboratory on Students‟ Achievement and Attitude in Chemistry. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 2(1), 37- 53.
Van Eerde, W. (2003). A meta-analytically derived nomological network of procrastination. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1401–1418.
Virvao, M., Katsionis, G., & Manos, K. (2005). Combining software games with education: Evaluation of its educational effectiveness. Educational Technology & Society, 8 (5), 54–65.
Wanda, C. M. & Bozena, B. W. (2009). Assessment of Chemistry Anxiety in a Two-Year College. Journal of Chemical Education, 86(12), 1447-1449.
Ward, C.R. & Herron, J.D. (1980). Helping students understand formal chemical concepts. Journal of Research Science Teaching, 17(5), 387 – 400.
Whitehall, B. & B. McDonald. (1993). Improving Learning Persistence of Military Personnel by Enhancing Motivation in a Technological Training Program. Simulation and Gaming, (24), 294-313.
Wiersma, W. (2000). Research methods in education: An introduction. London: Allyn & Bacon.
Wiesner, T. F., & Lan, W. (2004). Comparison of student learning in physical and simulated unit operations experiments. Journal of Engineering Education, 93(3), 195-204.
Wigfield, A., Gladstone, J. & Turci, L. (2016). Beyond Cognition: Reading Motivation and Reading Comprehension. Child Development Perspective, 10(3), 190-195.
Wolters, C. A. (2004). Advancing Achievement Goal Theory: Using Goal Structures and Goal Orientations to Predict Students' Motivation, Cognition and Achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 236-250.
Woolfolk. (2008). Educational Psikology, Tenth Edition, Module 27, Motivation: A definition and four general approaches, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, 405-410.
Xu, X., Villafane, S.M., & Lewis, J.E. (2013). College students‟ attitudes toward chemistry, conceptual knowledge and achievement: structural equation model analysis. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 14, 188-200.
Yalcin, M. & Celiker, D. (2011). The Effect of Computer-Assisted Applications in the Teaching of “Matter and Heat” Subject. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. (42), 273–290.
Yaghmaie, F. (2003). Content validity and its estimation. Journal of Medical Education, 3(1).
Yamauchi, J. ,Kumagai, Y. & Kawasaki, Y. (1999). Perceived control, autonomy and selfregulated learning strategies among Japanese high scholl students. Psychological Reports, 85(3), 779-798.
Yee, S. F. (2001). Kimia Tingkatan 4. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Rina.
Yusup Hashim & Razmah Man. (1999). Instruksi dan pembelajaran berasaskan teknologi multimedia: Isu dan aplikasi dalam instruksi dan pembelajaran bestari. Dalam Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan ke-12 (m.s.45 – 64). Port Dickson: Persatuan Teknologi Pendidikan.
Yusup Hashim. (2001). Reka bentuk dan sistem instruksi. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Sains Malaysia dan Utusan Publications & Distributors.
Yusuf Hashim. (2006). Reka bentuk instruksional dan teknologi (5th ed.). Tanjong Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Zacharia, Z. C. (2007). Comparing and combining real and virtual experimentation: an effort to enhance students' conceptual understanding of electric circuits. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23, 120-132.
Zacharia, Z. C., & Constantinou, C. P. (2008). Comparing the influence of physical and virtual manipulatives in the context of the Physics by Inquiry curriculum: the case of undergraduate students' conceptual understanding of heat and temperature. American Journal of Physics, 76, 425-430.
Zulzana Zulkarnain, Mohamed Saim & Roslina Abd Talib. (2012). Hubungan antara minat, sikap dengan pencapaian pelajar dalam kursus CC301 – Quantity Measurement. Politeknik Port Dickson.
Zuraidi Wahid. (2008). Kesan penggunaan modul pembelajaran regulasi kendiri terhadap motivasi dan pencapaian pelajar bagi tajuk fotosintesis tingkatan empat, (Disertasi Sarjana, Univcrsiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Yang Tidak Diterbitkan).
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |