Abu Hassan Kassim (2003). Kurikulum Sains Sekolah Malaysia. Modul Pengajaran.
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Skudai, Johor
Adler M, Ziglio E. (1996). Gazing into the oracle: the Delphi method and its
application to social policy and public health. London: Jessica Kingsley
Publishers
Abd, M., & Bunyamin, H. (2017). Ke Arah Pemupukan Pemikiran Aras Tinggi :
Penggabungan Topik Pengajaran Fizik dan Kepentingan Kerja Berpasukan Para
Pelajar. Malaysian Journal of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Education.
Abdul Aziz, F. A., & Abd Rahman, F. (2018). Sorotan Kajian Kesediaan Dan
Keperluan Guru Bahasa Melayu Dalam Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras
Tinggi (KBAT) Di Bilik Darjah. Pendeta Journal of Malay Language, Education
and Literature, 9, 80–101. https://doi.org/10.37134/pendeta.vol9.7.2017
Abdul Halim, N. H., & Zakaria, E. (2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi
Melalui Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek Pengajaran Sains Sekolah Rendah. STEd
2017 : Seminar on Transdisciplinary Education.
Abdul Jamir, M. S., Ab. Halim, T., & A’dawiyah, I. (2012). Pembelajaran Aktif dalam
Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berkesan Pendidikan Islam. Jurnal IPG Kampus
Pendidikan Islam.
Abdul Kadir, M. N. B., Abdul Karim, M. M., & Rahman, N. A. (2016). Sikap Pelajar
Terhadap Pembelajaran Fizik dan Hubungannya Dengan Pencapaian Dalam
Kalangan Pelajar Sains. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar.
Abdullah, A. H., Abidin, N. L. Z., & Ali, M. (2015). Analysis of students’ errors in
solving Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) problems for the topic of fraction.
Asian Social Science, 11(21), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n21p133
Abosalem, Y. (2016). Students’ learning styles and their misconceptions in dividing
fractions View project Assessment Techniques and Students’ Higher-Order
Thinking Skills. International Journal of Secondary Education.
Afifah, I. R. N., & Retnawati, H. (2019). Is it difficult to teach higher order thinking
skills? In Journal of Physics: Conference Series. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-
6596/1320/1/012098
Agranovich, S., & Ben-Zvi Assaraf, O. (2013). What Makes Children Like Learning
Science? An Examination of the Attitudes of Primary School Students towards
Science Lessons. Journal of Education and Learning.
https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v2n1p55
Agustihana, S., & Suparno, S. (2019). Development of HOTS Oriented Cognitive
Problems in Thermodynamics for Senior High Schools. Jurnal Penelitian Fisika
Dan Aplikasinya (JPFA). https://doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v9n1.p44-54
Ahmad, N. F., & Iksan, Z. (2021). Penerapan Kemahiran Proses Sains melalui
Pembelajaran Sains Berasaskan Permainan Digital. Sains Insani.
https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol6no1.246
Akili, W. (2014). On the role of the professor in creating a positive learning
environment. In ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference
Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--22884
Akinbobola, A. O., & Afolabi, F. (2010). Analysis of Science Process Skills in West
African Senior Secondary School Certificate Physics. American-Eurasian Journal
of Scientific Research.
Aktamis, H., & Ergin, O. (2008). The Effect of Scientific Process Skills Education on
Students’ Scientific Creativity, Science Attitudes and Academic Achievements.
AsiaPacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching.
Aktamiş, H., & Yenice, N. (2010). Determination of the science process skills and
critical thinking skill levels. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.502
Al-rabaani, A. (2014). The Acquisition of Science Process Skills by Omani’s Pre
Service Sosial Studies’ Teachers. European Journal of Educational Studies.
Ali, A., Islamiah, D., & Zulkifli, Z. (2019). The Effectiveness of Problem - Based
Learning Methods in Improving High-Order Thinking Skills. Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, 1150(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1150/1/012065
Alias, N., Siraj, S., DeWitt, D., Attaran, M., & Nordin, A. (2013). Evaluation on the
Usability of Physics Module in a Secondary School in Malaysia: Students’
Retrospective. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 1(1), 0–0.
Aliza Ali, & Zamri Mahamod. (2016). Pembangunan dan kebolehgunaan modul
berasaskan bermain bagi pembelajaran kemahiran Bahasa Melayu kanak-kanak
prasekolah. Malay Language Education Journal – MyLEJ, 6(1), 2180–4842.
ALkhawaldeh, S. A. A. (2019). The Comparative Effects of Cyclic Inquiry Model,
Conceptual Change Text, and Traditional Instructions on Student Understanding
of Photosynthesis and Respiration in Plant. Journal of International Education
and Practice, 2(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.30564/jiep.v2i1.335
Allamnakhrah, A. (2013). Learning Critical Thinking in Saudi Arabia: Student
Perceptions of Secondary Pre-Service Teacher Education Programs. Journal of
Education and Learning, 2(1), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v2n1p197
Alsaleh, N. J. (2020). Teaching Critical Thinking Skills: Literature Review. TOJET:
The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.
Altman, D. G., & Royston, P. (2006). The cost of dichotomising continuous variables.
British Medical Journal, 332(7549), 1080.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1080
American Association For The Advancement Of Science (AAAS). (2007). New York:
Oxford University Press.
Anasy, Z. (2016). Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skill) in Reading Exercise. TARBIYA:
Journal of Education in Muslim Society. https://doi.org/10.15408/tjems.v3i1.3886
Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., & Bloom, B. S. (2001). A taxonomy for Learning
Teaching and Assessing. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A
Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.
Anthony, E.-L. A., & Yamat, H. (2020). Correlation Between Teachers’ Teaching
Styles and Pupils’ Ujian Pencapaian Sekolah Rendah (UPSR) Results.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7018
Anwer, M., Iqbal, H., & Harrison, C. (2012). Students’ attitude towards science: A case
of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), 3–9.
Ariffin, A., Hasnan, N., Zakaria, N., Rubani, S. N. K., & Hamzah, N. (2020).
Pembangunan Bahan e-Pembelajaran Berasaskan Model Needham Lima Fasa bagi
Topik Konkrit. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners, 5(2), 63–70.
https://doi.org/10.30880/ojtp.2020.05.02.008
Astalini, Kurniawan, D. A., Darmaji, Sholihah, L. R., & Perdana, R. (2019).
Characteristics of students’ attitude to Physics in Muaro Jambi High School.
Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7210
Avargil, S., Herscovitz, O., & Dori, Y. J. (2012). Teaching Thinking Skills in Context-
Based Learning: Teachers’ Challenges and Assessment Knowledge. Journal of
Science Education and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9302-7
Aydnlli, E., Dökme, I., Ünlü, Z. K., Öztürk, N., Demir, R., & Benli, E. (2011). Turkish
elementary school students’ performance on integrated science process skills.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3469–3475.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.320
Aydoğdu, B., Erkol, M., & Erten, N. (2014). Taking Science to school. Asia-Pacific
Forum on Science Learning and Teaching (Vol. 15).
Aziz Bin Nordin & Lin Hui Ling. (2013). Hubungan Sikap Terhadap Mata Pelajaran
Sains Dengan Penguasaan Konsep Asas Sains Pelajar Tingkatan Dua. Journal of
science and mathematics educational
Azmi, Nurzatulshima, Umi, & Hazwan. (2017). Penerapan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras
Tinggi (KBAT): Kesediaan guru dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Reka
Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT) di sekolah rendah. International Research Journal
of Education and Sciences (IRJES).
Balfakih, N. M. (2010). The assessment of the UAE’s in-service and pre-service
Elementary science teachers in the integrated science process skills. In Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.577
Ball, A., Joyce, H. D., & Anderson-Butcher, D. (2016). Exploring 21st Century Skills
and Learning Environments for Middle School Youth. International Journal of
School Social Work, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.4148/2161-4148.1012
Barak, M., & Dori, Y. J. (2005). Enhancing undergraduate students’ chemistry
understanding through project-based learning in an IT environment. Science
Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20027
Behar-Horenstein, L. S., & Niu, L. (2011). Teaching Critical Thinking Skills In Higher
Education: A Review Of The Literature. Journal of College Teaching & Learning
(TLC), 8(2), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i2.3554
Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., &
Rumble, M. (2014). Defining twenty-first century skills. In Assessment and
teaching of 21st century skills. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2324-5_2
Birisçi, S., & Metin, M. (2010). Developing an instructional material using a concept
cartoon adapted to the 5E model: A sample of teaching erosion. Asia-Pacific
Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 11(1), 1–16.
Bloom, B. S., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The
classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and univesity
examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain.
Boaler, J., & Staples, M. (2008). Creating mathematical futures through an equitable
teaching approach: The case of Railside school. Teachers College Record.
Brooks, J. J. G., & Brooks, M. G. (1999). In Search of Understanding: The Case for
Constructivist Classrooms. Association for Supervision and Curriculum
Development.
Burke, L. A., & Williams, J. M. (2008). Developing Young Thinkers: An intervention
aimed to enhance children’s thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2008.01.001
Byrne, G. (2011). Using Socratic Circles to develop critical thinking skills. Practically
Primary.
Can, B., Yıldız-Demirtaş, V., & Altun, E. (2017). The effect of project-based science
education programme on scientific process skills and conceptions of kindergarten
students. Journal of Baltic Science Education.
Cañas, A. J., Reiska, P., & Möllits, A. (2017). Developing higher-order thinking skills
with concept mapping: A case of pedagogic frailty. Knowledge Management and
E-Learning. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2017.09.021
Cavas, P. (2011). Factors Affecting the Motivation of Turkish Primary Students for
Science Learning. Science Education International.
Chan, L. L., & Idris, N. (2017). Validity and Reliability of The Instrument Using
Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbachâ™s alpha. International Journal of
Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(10), 400–410.
https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i10/3387
Chapman, J. D., & Aspin, D. N. (2013). A Problem-Solving Approach to Addressing
Current Global Challenges in Education. British Journal of Educational Studies.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2012.756166
Cheng, S. C., She, H. C., & Huang, L. Y. (2018). The impact of problem-solving
instruction on middle school students’ physical science learning: Interplays of
knowledge, reasoning, and problem solving. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics,
Science and Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/80902
Chesters, S. D. (2012). The Socratic Classroom. New York: Sense Publishers.
Chew Fong Peng, & Zul Hazmi Hamad. (2018). Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam
pembelajaran dan pemudahcaraan Bahasa Melayu melalui teknik penyoalan.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu.
Chien, Y. T., & Chang, C. Y. (2012). Comparison of Different Instructional Multimedia
Designs for Improving Student Science-Process Skill Learning. Journal of Science
Education and Technology, 21(1), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-
9286-3
Cho, Y. H., Lee, S. Y., Jeong, D. W., Im, S. J., Choi, E. J., Lee, S. H., … Yune, S. J.
(2012). The Development and Validation of a Test of Basic Process Skills. BMC
Medical Education, 12(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-12-39
Choorapanthiyil, M. J. (2007). How International Teaching Assistants Conceptualize
Teaching Higher Order Thinking: A Grounded Theory Approach. ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses.
Chorzempa, B. F., & Lapidus, L. (2009). " To Find Yourself , Think for Yourself "
Discussions Classrooms. ProQuest Education Journals.
Chowning, J. T. (2009). Socratic Seminars in Science Class. Science Teacher.
Chua, Y. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan edisi kedua. McGrawHill Education.
Chun, T. C., & Abdullah, M. N. L. Y. B. (2019). The teaching of higher order thinking
skills (HOTS) in Malaysian schools: Policy and practices. Malaysian Online
Journal of Educational Management. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol7no3.1
Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2016). Math, science, and technology in the early
grades. Future of Children. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2016.0013
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Research Methods in Education.
Research Methods in Education. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539
Creswell, J W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, QuCreswell, J. W. (2014). .
Research design Qualitative quantitative and mixed methods approaches.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2antitative,. Research Design
Qualitative Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2
Creswell, John W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed
methods approaches (Fifth Edit). SAGE Publications Inc.
Cuevas, P., Lee, O., Hart, J., & Deaktor, R. (2005a). Improving science inquiry with
elementary students of diverse backgrounds. Journal of Research in Science
Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20053
Cuevas, P., Lee, O., Hart, J., & Deaktor, R. (2005b). Improving science inquiry with
elementary students of diverse backgrounds. Journal of Research in Science
Teaching, 42(3), 337–357. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20053
Darmaji, Kurniawan, D. A., Astalini, Perdana, R., Kuswanto, & Ikhlas, M. (2020). Do
a science process skills affect on critical thinking in science? Differences in urban
and rural. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(4),
874–880. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i4.20687
Dewey, J., & Bento, J. (2009). Activating children’s thinking skills (ACTS): The effects
of an infusion approach to teaching thinking in primary schools. British Journal
of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1348/000709908X344754
Doering, A., Veletsianos, G., Scharber, C., & Miller, C. (2009). Using the
technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge framework to design online
learning environments and professional development. Journal of Educational
Computing Research. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.41.3.d
Effandi, Z. (2015). Integrasi kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pengajaran dan
pembelajaran matematik : Analisis keperluan guru . PENDIDIKAN BERMUTU
UNTUK . SDM BERKARAKTER Proceeding Book , Education Graduate
Regional Conference in Counseling Centre Profesional Counselor, (January).
Ekici, M., & Erdem, M. (2020). Developing Science Process Skills through Mobile
Scientific Inquiry. Thinking Skills and Creativity.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100658
Elder, L., & Paul, R. (2010). Critical Thinking: Competency Standards Essential for the
Cultivation of Intellectual Skills, Part 1. Journal of Developmental Education,
34(2), 38–39. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ986272
Ellis Wong, S. T., & Che Nidzam Che Ahmad. (2016). Interaksi guru dan sikap pelajar
Malaysia terhadap biologi : Satu kajian perbandingan etnik Teacher interactions
and Malaysian students attitudes toward biology : A study in ethnic comparison.
GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 12(8), 148–
160.
Eng Tek Ong, B. H. M. H. (2016). Penguasaan Kemahiran Proses Sains Asas Dalam
Kalangan Murid Sekolah Rendah Di Selangor Pengenalan Sains mula
diperkenalkan di sekolah rendah pada tahun 1968 melalui Kurikulum Sains Projek
Khas yang mensasarkan murid tahun 1 hingga tahun 6 dengan matlamat. Jurnal
Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 3(2), 77–90.
Ennis, R. H. (1989). Critical Thinking and Subject Specificity: Clarification and
Needed Research. Educational Researcher.
https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018003004
Ennis, R. H. (2011). Critical Thinking: Reflection and Perspective Part I. Inquiry:
Critical Thinking across the Disciplines.
Ewing, J., & Whittington, S. (2009). Describing the Cognitive Level of Professor
Discourse and Student Cognition in College of Agriculture Class Sessions.
Journal of Agricultural Education, 50(4), 36–49.
https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2009.04036
Faezah Abd. Ghani & Mazlan Aris. (2012). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Modul
Kemahiran Mengawal Stress Kehidupan Guru. Jurnal Teknologi Fakulti
Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 58, 2180–3722.
Fahim, M., & Pezeshki, M. (2012). Manipulating Critical Thinking Skills in Test
Taking. International Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v4i1.1169
Fan, L., & Zhu, Y. (2007). From convergence to divergence: The development of
mathematical problem solving in research, curriculum, and classroom practice in
Singapore. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-007-0044-1
Fan, L., & Zhu, Y. (2008). Using performance assessment in secondary school
mathematics: an empirical study in a Singapore classroom. Journal of
Mathematics Education.
Fatin Aliah, P., Mohd Salleh, A., Mohammad Bilal, A., & Salmiza, S. (2014). Faktor
penyumbang kepada kemerosotan penyertaan pelajar dalam aliran. Sains
Humanika, 2(4), 63–71.
Fisher, R. (1999). Thinking skills to thinking schools: Ways to develop children’s
thinking and learning. Early Child Development and Care.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0300443991530104
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2017). How to design and evaluate
research in education. McGrawHill.
Fraser, B. J. (1978). Development of a test of science‐related attitudes. Science
Education. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730620411
Friedmn, & Thomas L. (2007). The World Is Flat: A Brief of twenty-first century. New
york: Straus And Giroux.
Gelven, D. R., & Stewart, B. R. (2001). Developing Critical Thinking Skills of Tech
Prep Students Using Applied Communications. The Journal of Technology
Studies. https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v27i2.a.5
Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Methodologi Penyelidikan Dalam
Pendidikan: Amalan dan Analisis Kajian. 2016 (2nd Editio). Kuala Lumpur:
Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Glaser, & Maynard, E. (1994). An experiment in the development of critical thinking
[microform],. ResearchGate.
Glaze, A. L. (2018). Teaching and learning science in the 21st century: Challenging
critical assumptions in post-secondary science. Education Sciences, 8(1), 1–8.
https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci8010012
Grove, N. P., & Lowery Bretz, S. (2012). A continuum of learning: From rote
memorization to meaningful learning in organic chemistry. Chemistry Education
Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1rp90069b
Gustiani, P. D., Trisminingsih, R., & Abdillah, L. (2018). Pembangunan Modul
Dokumentasi Aplikasi Point Of Sale Odoo Berbasis Web Di PT Belant Persada.
Jurnal Sains Terapan. https://doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.8.1.72-87
Habellia, R. C., & Suyanta, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Science
Web-Module on the Students’ Thinking Skills and Positive Attitudes Towards
Science. Scientiae Educatia, 8(1), 23.
https://doi.org/10.24235/sc.educatia.v8i1.4099
Hair, Jr, J. F. (2015). Essentials of Business Research Methods. Essentials of Business
Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315704562
Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2020). Essentials of Business Research Methods
Fourth Edition. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Halim, Fatin Azhana Abd Aziz, L. (2019). Impact of Concept Mapping on Students ’
Critical Thinking Skills in Science. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 44(1), 83–92.
Hamdan, N., Tee, T. K., Yee, M. H., Masran, S. H., Yunos, J. M., Mohamad, M. M.,
… Shafei, S. (2019). An effectiveness of high order thinking skills (HOTS) selfinstructional
manual for students’ assignment achievement. Journal of Technical
Education and Training, 11(1), 63–72.
https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2019.11.01.008
Haniah, A. R., Aman, A., & Setiawan, R. (2020). Integration of strengthening of
character education and higher order thinking skills in history learning. Journal of
Education and Learning (EduLearn).
https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v14i2.15010
Harlen OBE, W. (2017). The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools. The Teaching of
Science in Primary Schools. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315850962
Harlen, W. (2018). The Teaching of Science in Primary Schools, 7th Edition. David
Fulton Publishers.
Hashim, B., Abd Rahman, N., & Yahya, R. A. S. (2017a). Menilai Teknik Penyebatian
Kemahiran Berfikir sebagai Satu Alternatif untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran
Berfikir dan Memahami Mata Pelajaran Fizik. Sains Humanika, 9(1–5).
https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1183
Hashim, B., Abd Rahman, N., & Yahya, R. A. S. (2017b). Menilai Teknik Penyebatian
Kemahiran Berfikir sebagai Satu Alternatif untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran
Berfikir dan Memahami Mata Pelajaran Fizik. Sains Humanika, 9(1–5), 101–108.
https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1183
Hashim, D. A., & Nor, M. Y. M. (2019). Tahap Kepimpinan Coaching Guru Besar dan
Kesediaan Guru dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21 di Sekolah
Rendah. International Journal of Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 50–71.
Hashim, R. (2003). Educational Dualism in Malaysia: Implications for Theory and
Practice. By Rosnani Hashim. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. xii, 204
pp. $55.00 (cloth). The Journal of Asian Studies, 57(3), 912–913.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2658815
Hassan, M. N., Mustapha, R., Nik Yusuff, N. A., & Mansor, R. (2017). Pembangunan
Modul Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi di dalam Mata Pelajaran Sains Sekolah
Rendah: Analisis Keperluan Guru. Sains Humanika, 9(1–5), 119–125.
https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v9n1-5.1185
Hastjarjo, T. D. (2019). Rancangan Eksperimen-Kuasi Quasi-Experimental Design.
Buletin Psikologi.
Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in
psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods.
Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-
3590.7.3.238
Heard, J., Scoular, C., Duckworth, D., Ramalingam, D., & Teo, I. (2020). Critical
Thinking : Definition and Structure. The Australian Council for Educational
Research Ltd © 2020.
Heong, Y. M., Othman, W. B., Yunos, J. B. M., Kiong, T. T., Hassan, R. Bin, &
Mohamad, M. M. B. (2011). The Level of Marzano Higher Order Thinking
Skillsamong Technical Education Students. International Journal of Social
Science and Humanity. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2011.v1.20
Heong, Y. M., Yunos, J. M., Othman, W., Hassan, R., Kiong, T. T., & Mohamad, M.
M. (2012). The Needs Analysis of Learning Higher Order Thinking Skills for
Generating Ideas. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 59, 197–203.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.265
Hidayat, I., Desi, Lesmini, B., Sukaryawan, M., & Mujamil, J. (2021). Implementation
and the Impact of Constructivism-Based Module on Students’ Academic
Achievement, 513, 64–69. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201230.084
Hingorjo, M. R., & Jaleel, F. (2012). Analysis of one-best MCQs: The difficulty index,
discrimination index and distractor efficiency. Journal of the Pakistan Medical
Association, 62(2), 142–147.
Hong, K., & Jacob, S. M. (2012). Critical Thinking and Socratic Questioning in
Asynchronous Mathematics Discussion Forums. Malaysian Journal of
Educational Technology.
Hu, B., & West, A. (2015). Exam-oriented education and implementation of education
policy for migrant children in urban China. Educational Studies.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2014.977780
Hu, H.-W. (2020). The Effects of Questioning Strategies on Young Girl Students in
Webquest Activities.
Huang, L., Huang, F., Oon, P. T., & Mak, M. C. K. (2019). Constructs evaluation of
student attitudes towards science. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and
Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/109168
Iksan, Z. H. (2017). Reflections on Teaching and Learning of Mathematics through
Lesson Study and Video Critique. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal.
https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.41.2499
Iksan, Z. I., Halim, L., & Osman, K. (2006). Sikap terhadap Sains dalam kalangan
pelajar Sains di peringkat menengah dan matrikulasi. Pertanika Journal of Social
Sciences & Humanities, 14(2), 131–147.
Insani, M. D., Pratiwi, N., & Muhardjito, M. (2019). Higher-order thinking skills based
on Marzano taxonomy in basic biology I course. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi
Indonesia). https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v5i3.10171
Irfan Naufal Umar, & Sajap Maswan. (2004). Aplikasi pendekatan inkuiri dalam
persekitaran pembelajaran berasaskan web. Persidangan E-Pembelajaran
Kebangsaan 2004.
Irwanto, Rohaeti, E., Widjajanti, E., & Suyanta. (2017). Students’ science process skill
and analytical thinking ability in chemistry learning. AIP Conference Proceedings,
1868, 10–13. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4995100
Jackson, S. L. (2010). Statistics : plain and simple. Statistics Plain and Simple.
Jais, A., Yahaya, N., Ibrahim, N. H., & Hasan, M. N. (2014). Pendekatan Inkuiri dan
Teknik Penyoalan Terbuka Guru : Isu Dan Perlaksanaannya Dalam Proses
Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Kimia. International Education Postgraduate
Seminar, 672.
Jamil, N. A. (2017). Pengukuran Pembelajaran Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Dalam
Kalangan Murid Guru Yang Dibimbing (Gdb) Oleh Pegawai Sisc+. Simposium
Pendidikan DiPeribadikan: Perspektif Risalah An-Nur (SPRiN2017).
Jelas, Z. M., & Dahan, H. M. (2010). Gender and educational performance: The
Malaysian perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 720–
727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.098
Johansson, E. (2020). The Assessment of Higher-order Thinking Skills in Online EFL
Courses: A Quantitative Content Analysis. NJES Nordic Journal of English
Studies. https://doi.org/10.35360/njes.519
Jonassen, D. (2013). Designing constructivist learning environments. In Instructional-
Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603784-16
Jusoh, R. (2012). Effects of Teachers’ Readiness in Teaching and Learning of
Entrepreneurship Education in Primary Schools. International Interdisciplinary
Journal of Education, 1(7), 98–102. https://doi.org/10.12816/0002885
Kamisah Osman, -, Zanaton Haji Iksan, -, & Lilia Halim, -. (2007). Sikap terhadap sains
dan sikap saintifik di kalangan pelajar sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia.
https://doi.org/10.17576/JPEN-2007-%x
Kan, A., & Ş, A. A. (2006). Affective Factors That Influence Chemistry Achievement
( Attitude a nd Self Efficacy ) and The Power Of These Factors To Predict
Chemistry Achievement-I. Journal of TURKISH SCIENCE EDUCATION, 3(1),
76–85.
Kannan A/L Rajagopal. (2016). Membina Dan Menilai Modul Bioaction Bagi
Pengendalian Aktiviti Amali Mata Pelajaran Biologi Tingkatan Empat. Fakulti
Sains Dan Matematik.
Karar, E. E., & Yenice, N. (2012). The Investigation of Scientific Process Skill Level
of Elementary Education 8th Grade Students in View of Demographic Features.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.166
Karpudewan, M., Ahmad, A. N., & Chandrasegaran, A. L. (2017). Overcoming
Students’ Misconceptions in Science: Strategies and Perspectives from Malaysia.
Overcoming Students’ Misconceptions in Science: Strategies and Perspectives
from Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3437-4
Kassim, N., & Zakaria, E. (2015). Integrasi kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam
pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematik: Analisis keperluan guru. In Prosiding
Seminar Education Graduate Regional Conference (EGRC 2015).
Keleman, M. (2021). Assessment of Higher Order Thinking Skills Through Stem
Integration Project-Based Learning for Elementary Level. International Journal
of Social Science and Human Research, 04(04), 835–846.
https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i4-40
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia
2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur.
Khairulhasni Abdul Kadir, Norazah Nordin, zanaton I. (2019). Integrasi Analogi dan
Teknologi: Strategi Penerapan Pemikiran Kreatif. Penerbit UKM, UKM Press
(Vol. 1). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v7-i2/4120
Khairunisa Mohamad Fakri. (2013). Pembelajaran Berkonsepkan Teori
Konstruktivisme Lima Fasa Needham Dalam Persekitaran Web 2.0 Dan Kesannya
Dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Khairunnisa Abd Hamid, & Anuar Ahmad. (2018). Tahap Pengetahuan Pedagogi Isi
Kandungan (Ppik) Bagi Guru Dalam Mata Sejarah Di Sekolah Menengah. Fakulti
Pendidikan, UKM.
Kiong, T., Universiti, T., Hussein, T., Pendidikan, U., Idris, S., Mei, H., …
Investigation, C. (2013). the Implementation of Thinking Skills Module for
Secondary School Students, (JUNE). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1888.8644
Klein, P. (2004). Review of Learning to Think: Disciplinary Perspectives. Canadian
Journal of Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v34i1.183452
Kline, R. B. (2009). Becoming a Behavioral Science Researcher: A Guide to Producing
Research That Matters (Vol. 53). The Guilford Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Knezic, D., Wubbels, T., Elbers, E., & Hajer, M. (2010). The Socratic Dialogue and
teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.11.006
Koller, I., Levenson, M. R., & Glück, J. (2017). What do you think you are measuring?
A mixed-methods procedure for assessing the content validity of test items and
theory-based scaling. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(FEB).
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00126
Kong, S. F., & Mohd Effendi, M. M. (2020). Sikap Pelajar Terhadap Implementasi
Sains , Teknologi , Kejuruteraan dan Matematik ( STEM ) dalam Pembelajaran.
Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan.
Künsting, J., Kempf, J., & Wirth, J. (2013). Enhancing scientific discovery learning
through metacognitive support. Contemporary Educational Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2013.07.001
Kurniawan, D. A., Astalini, A., Kurniawan, N., & Pathoni, H. (2019). Analisis korelasi
sikap siswa dan disiplin siswa terhadap IPA pada Siswa SMP Provinsi Jambi.
Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Dan Keilmuan (JPFK).
https://doi.org/10.25273/jpfk.v5i2.5014
Lam, F. (2011). The Socratic Method as an approach to learning and its benefits.
Dietrich College Honors Theses, 51. Retrieved from
http://repository.cmu.edu/hsshonors/?utm_source=repository.cmu.edu%252Fhss
honors%252F134&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
Lati, W., Supasorn, S., & Promarak, V. (2012a). Enhancement of Learning
Achievement and Integrated Science Process Skills Using Science Inquiry
Learning Activities of Chemical Reaction Rates. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.279
Lati, W., Supasorn, S., & Promarak, V. (2012b). Enhancement of Learning
Achievement and Integrated Science Process Skills Using Science Inquiry
Learning Activities of Chemical Reaction Rates. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 46(August 2014), 4471–4475.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.279
Lati, W., Supasorn, S., & Promarak, V. (2012c). Enhancement of Learning
Achievement and Integrated Science Process Skills Using Science Inquiry
Learning Activities of Chemical Reaction Rates. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 46, 4471–4475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.279
Lee, M. F., & Zainal, N. A. (2018). Development of needham model based E-module
for electromagnetic field & wave. IEEE International Conference on Industrial
Engineering and Engineering Management, 2017-Decem, 120–124.
https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEM.2017.8289863
Lohr, L., & Chang, S. L. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction. Educational
Technology Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02504860
Mahadzir, M. Z. Bin, & Mahadi, M. Bin. (2017). Keberkesanan Penggunaan Modul
Amali “ Plc Simulator .” National Innovation and Invention Competition Through
Exhibition (ICompEx’XX).
Maison, Darmaji, Astalini, Kurniawan, D. A., & Indrawati, P. S. (2019). Science
process skills and motivation. Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews.
https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.756
Makhene, A. (2019). The use of the Socratic inquiry to facilitate critical thinking in
nursing education. Health SA Gesondheid.
https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v24i0.1224
Mariani, A., & Ismail, Z. (2013). Pengaruh Kompetensi Guru Matematik Ke Atas
Amalan Pengajaran Kreatif. 2nd International Seminar on Quality and Affordable
Education (ISQAE 2013), 2020(Isqae), 2006–2010.
Marshall, J. C. (2008). K-12 Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs About and
Use of Inquiry in the Classroom. International Journal of Science and
Mathematics Education, 16(2), 797–810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-013-
0506-6
Mat, H. binti. (2019). Development and Effect of Integrated Science Process Skills
Module Towards Higher Order Thinking Skills Based on Edutainment.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(2),
919–931. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i2/5638
Maxfield, M. B. (2011). The effects of small group cooperation methods and question
strategies on problem solving skills, achievement, and attitude during problembased
learning. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
McGuinness, C, Eakin, A., Curry, C., & Sheehy, N. (2007). Building thinking skills in
thinking classrooms: ACTS in Northern Ireland. 13th International Conference on
Thinking.
McGuinness, Carol. (1999). From Thinking Skills To Thinking Classrooms. School of
Psychology, Queens’ University, Blefast.
Meador, K. S. (2003). Thinking Creatively about Science Suggestions for Primary
Teachers. Gifted Child Today. https://doi.org/10.4219/gct-2003-93
Miri, B., David, B. C., & Uri, Z. (2007). Purposely teaching for the promotion of higherorder
thinking skills: A case of critical thinking. Research in Science Education.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-006-9029-2
Mohamad Nurul Azmi, M. N., Nurzatulshima, K., Umi Kalthom, A. M., & Mohd
Hazwan, M. P. (2017). Pengetahuan Kandungan dan Kemahiran Pedagogi guru
dalam kurikulum Reka Bentuk dan Teknologi (RBT): Analisis kajian rintis.
Graduate Research in Education Seminar (GREduc).
Mohamed Noh, N., Abdullah, N., Kung Teck, W., & Hamzah, M. (2017).
Keberkesanan pendekatan Flipped Classroom dalam pembelajaran Sains di
Sekolah Rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematik Malaysia, 7(2), 106–
118. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol7.no2.8.2017
Mohd Dahlan, M. F., & Zulkifli, H. (2020). Kefahaman Dan Kemahiran Guru
Pendidikan Islam Terhadap Kaedah Sokratik. Journal of Quran Sunnah Education
& Special Needs. https://doi.org/10.33102/jqss.vol4no1.59
Mohd Daud, J. (2017). Kesan Integrasi Model Salmon Dan Teori Konstruktivisme Lima
Fasa Needham Terhadap Pencapaian Dan Sikap Pelajar Dalam E-Pembelajaran
Sains Komputer Memperoleh Ijazah Doktor Falsafah Fakulti Seni , Komputeran
Dan Industri Kreatif. Fakulti Seni, Komputeran Dan Industri Kreatif.
Mohd Jelas, Z., Mohamad Salleh, N., Mohd. Ali, M., & Abd Majid, R. (2012). Action
learning in higher education: Linking university and community. International
Journal of Learning. https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/cgp/v18i08/47707
Mohd Noor, A. (2012). Redesigning Classroom Pedagogy. National Institute of
Education Singapore. Retrieved from conference.nie.edu.sg/paper/new
converted/ab00181.pdf
Mohd Shafie b. Rosli, B. A. & N. Y. (2012). Pembangunan Persekitaran Pembelajaran
Inkuiri untuk Pendidikan Tertier dan Pengujian Keberkesananya. Jurnal
Teknologi Pendidikan Malaysia Bilangan 2, Nombor 1, Mac 2012, 23–35.
Mohd Syaubari Othman &, & Ahmad Yunus kasim. (2017). Pelaksanaan amalan
pengajaran guru pendidikan Islam sekolah menerusi kaedah penyoalan
berdasarkan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Tinta Artikulasi Membina
Ummah 3(1), 2017 42-53, e-ISSN: 2289-960X, 7(1), 1–9. Retrieved from
www.akademiabaru.com/arsbs.html
Moore, L. L., & Rudd, R. D. (2004). Leadership Skills And Competenices For
Extension Directors And Administrators. Journal of Agricultural Education.
https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2004.03022
Mumba, F., Miles, E., & Chabalegnula, V. (2018). Elementary Education In-service
Teachers’ Familiarity, Interest, Conceptual Knowledge and Performance on
Science Process Skills. Journal of STEM Teacher Education, 53(2).
https://doi.org/10.30707/jste53.2mumba
Muniandy, V. (2016). Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan, (November), 23–24. Retrieved
from
http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/61263/1/JohariSurif2014_PenerapanStrategiPeng
utaraanMasalah.pdf
Muslimin, M. S., Nordin, N. M., & Mansor, A. Z. (2017). MobiEko : A MOBILE
EDUCATIONAL APP. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instructional,
2017(Special Issues), 221–255.
Nachiappan, S., Muthaiah, L., & Suffian, S. (2017). Analisis sikap murid terhadap mata
pelajaran Sains di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Tamil). Jurnal Pendidikan Sains
Dan Matematik Malaysia, 7(2), 85–105.
https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol7.no2.7.2017
Nahar, N., & Safar, J. (2017). Penguasaan Pengetahuan Kandungan ( Content
Knowledge ) : Pemangkin Keterampilan Pedagogi Jawi Berkesan Abad Ke-21.
Jurnlal Teknikal & Sains Sosial, (April), 45–59.
Naiker, M., Sharma, B., Wakeling, L., Johnson, J. B., Kumar, B., Naidu, A., … Brown,
S. (2020). Attitudes towards science among senior secondary students in Fiji.
Waikato Journal of Education, 25(1), 57–72.
https://doi.org/10.15663/wje.v25i0.704
Navarro, M., Förster, C., González, C., & González-Pose, P. (2016). Attitudes toward
science: measurement and psychometric properties of the Test of Science-Related
Attitudes for its use in Spanish-speaking classrooms. International Journal of
Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2016.1195521
Nik Kar, N. Z., & Saleh, S. (2012). The effect of inquiry discovery approach towards
students achievement in the subject of chemistry. Asia Pacific Journal of
Educators and Education.
Nik Mohd Rahimi Nik Yusoff, Nurulhuda Hasan, & Mahat Afifi. (2012). Pengetahuan
Pedagogi Isi Kandungan (PPIK) Pengajaran Bahasa Arab. In Persidangan
Kebangsaan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab. Kuala Lumpur.
Noor Hidayah Ibrahim, & Zanaton H.Iksan. (2017). Strategi Meta Kognitif Untuk
Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Dalam Proses Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran.
Simposium Pendidikan.
Norazlin Mohd Rusdin, S. R. A. (2013). Amalan Dan Cabaran Pelaksanaan
Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21. Proceedings of Islamic Civilization and Technology
Management, 2013–2025.
Nordin, A., & Ling, L. H. (2011). Hubungan Sikap Terhadap Mata Pelajaran Sains
Dengan Penguasaan Konsep Asas Sains Pelajar Tingkatan Dua. Journal of
Science & Mathematics Educational.
Norlida Binti Mohd Yaacob. (2019). Pembangunan Modul Pengajaran Kreatif Asid
Bes Pendidikan Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan Dan Matematik. Fakulti Sains
Dan Matematik.
Nurina, D. L., & Retnawati, H. (2015). Keefektifan Pembelajaran Menggunakan
Pendekatan Problem Posing dan Pendekatan Open-Ended Ditinjau Dari HOTS.
PYTHAGORAS: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 10(2), 129.
https://doi.org/10.21831/pg.v10i2.9128
Oloruntegbe, K. O. (2010). Approaches To The Assessment Of Science Process Skills:
A Reconceptualist View And Option. Journal of College Teaching & Learning
(TLC), 7(6), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v7i6.125
Oloyede, O. I. (2012). The Relationship between Acquisition of Science Process Skills
, Formal Reasoning Ability and Chemistry Achievement. International Journal of
ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 8(1), 1–4. Retrieved from
https://ojcs.siue.edu/ojs/index.php/ijaaas/article/download/664/779
Oluwatayo, J. A. (2012). Validity and Reliability Issues in Educational Research.
Journal of Educational and Social Research.
Ong, K. K. A., Hart, C. E., & Chen, P. K. (2016). Promoting Higher-Order Thinking
through Teacher Questioning: A Case Study of a Singapore Science Classroom.
New Waves-Educational Research and Development Journal.
Osborne, J., Simon, S., & Collins, S. (2003). Attitudes towards science: A review of
the literature and its implications. International Journal of Science Education,
25(9), 1049–1079. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069032000032199
Osman, K., Iksan, Z., & Halim, L. (2007). Sikap terhadap sains dan sikap saintifik di
kalangan pelajar sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia.
Osman, M. E., & Hannafin, M. J. (1994). Effects of Advance Questioning and Prior
Knowledge on Science Learning. Journal of Educational Research.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1994.9944829
Osman, Z., Zain, A., & Mustafa, M. C. (2021). Interaction Module Development Based
on Higher Order Thinking Skills. International Journal of Academic Research in
Progressive Education and Development, 10(2), 1-.
https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v10-i2/9727
Othman, N., & Amiruddin, M. H. (2010). Different perspectives of learning styles from
VARK model. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 652–660.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.10.088
Özgelen, S. (2012). Students’ science process skills within a cognitive domain
framework. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education,
8(4), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2012.846a
Palincsar, A. S. (1998). Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning.
Annual Review of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.345
Pallant, J. (2010). SPSS Survival Manual Survival Manual Pallant. McGraw-Hill
Education.
Pappas, E., Pierrakos, O., & Nagel, R. (2013). Using Bloom’s Taxonomy to teach
sustainability in multiple contexts. Journal of Cleaner Production, 48(April 2020),
54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.09.039
Parks, E. L. (2020). Joining the conversation: Teaching students to think and
communicate like scholars. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000193
Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2007). Socratic Questioning Techniques. The Thinker’s Guide to
the Art of Socratic Questioning, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1037/027900
Pedaste, M., Mäeots, M., Siiman, L. A., de Jong, T., van Riesen, S. A. N., Kamp, E. T.,
… Tsourlidaki, E. (2015). Phases of inquiry-based learning: Definitions and the
inquiry cycle. Educational Research Review.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.02.003
Perry, S., & Twomey, C. (2005). Constructivis Theory, Perspectives, And practice
Second Edition Constructivism: A Psychological Theory of Learning.
Constructivism,Theory, Perspectives and Practice, 8,. Retrieved from
http://faculty.arts.ubc.ca/emeyers/LIBR535/readings/Fosnot&Perry_2005.pdf
Pogrow, S. (2005). HOTS revisited: A thinking development approach to reducing the
learning gap after grade 3. Phi Delta Kappan.
https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170508700111
Puchta, H. (2007). More than little Parrots: Developing Young Learners’ Speaking
Skills. Www.Herbertpuchta.Com.
Pursitasari, I. D., Suhardi, E., Putra, A. P., & Rachman, I. (2020). Enhancement of
student’s critical thinking skill through science context-based inquiry learning.
Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i1.21884
Ramasamy, S. (2016). Teachers’ Levels of Knowledge and Interest on Higher Order
Thinking Skills (HOTS) According to the Field Taught and Category of Schools.
Journal of Modern Education Review.
Ramlee Mustapha. (2013). Transforming Education Toward K-Economy In Malaysia.
Interntaional Journal For Educational Studies, 6(1).
Retnawati, H., Djidu, H., Kartianom, Apino, E., & Anazifa, R. D. (2018). Teachers’
knowledge about higher-order thinking skills and its learning strategy. Problems
of Education in the 21st Century. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/18.76.215
Risnawati, A. (2020). Pentingnya Pembelajaran Sains bagi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.
Prosiding Konferensi Integrasi Interkoneksi Islam Dan Sains.
Roebianto, A. (2020). The Effects of Student’s Attitudes and Self-Efficacy on Science
Achievement. Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi Dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I).
https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v9i1.14490
Roostin, E. (2020). Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Dan Sikap Sains Anak Melalui
Metode Eksperimen Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Jurnal Kajian Anak (J-Sanak).
https://doi.org/10.24127/j-sanak.v2i01.360
Rubani, S. N. K., Norrahim, N., Hamzah, N., Ariffin, A., & Subramaniam, T. S. (2018).
Penggunaan Kaedah Inkuiri Penemuan Terhadap Minat Pelajar Dalam
Eksperimen Sains Tahun 5. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners.
Rubio-Codina, M., Araujo, M. C., Attanasio, O., Muñoz, P., & Grantham-McGregor,
S. (2016). Concurrent validity and feasibility of short tests currently used to
measure early childhood development in large scale studies. PLoS ONE.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160962
Rutjens, B. T., Heine, S. J., Sutton, R. M., & van Harreveld, F. (2018). Attitudes
Towards Science. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 57(January),
125–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.08.001
Saavedra, A. R., & Darleen Opfer, V. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires
21st-century teaching. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 8–13.
https://doi.org/10.1177/003172171209400203
Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Learning 21st-century skills requires 21stcentury
teaching. The Phi Delta Kappan, 94(2), 8–13.
Saedah Siraj. (2020). Pendekatan Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan:
Aplikasi kepada Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Saidatul Akmal, A. A., Abdul Halim, A., Noor Dayana, A. H., & Dayana Farzeeha, A.
(2016). Tahap pengetahuan dan amalan guru Matematik sekolah menengah
terhadap pelaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT). Malaysian Journal
of Higher Order Thinking Skills in Education.
Saido, G. M., Siraj, S., & Saadallah, O. (2015). Higher Order Thinking Skills among
Secondary School Students in Science Learning. Malaysian Online Journal of
Educational Sciences, 3(3), 13–20.
Saleky, A. P. (2018). The Influence of Socratic Questioning Technique and Students
Critical Thinking toward Their Speaking Competence at SMA Negeri 11 Ambon.
Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature.
https://doi.org/10.30605/ethicallingua.v5i2.877
Sang, M. S. (2010). Falsafah Dan Pendidikan Di Malaysia. Multimedia marketing Sdn
Bhd.
Sanusi, N. A., & Ghazali, N. A. (2014). The Creation of Bangsa Malaysia: Towards
Vision 2020 Challenges. PROSIDING PERKEM Ke-9, 9(2014), 845–850.
Retrieved from
http://www.ukm.my/fep/perkem/pdf/perkem2014/PERKEM_2014_5D1.pdf
Sarstedt, M., & Mooi, E. (2014). A Concise Guide to Market Research: The Process,
Data, and Methods Using IBM SPSS Statistic. Springer Texts in Business and
Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53965-7_9
Savran Gencer, A., & Dogan, H. (2020). The Assessment of the Fifth-Grade Students’
Science Critical Thinking Skills through Design-Based STEM Education.
International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education.
Seman, S. C., Yusoff, W. M. W., & Embong, R. (2017). Teachers Challenges in
Teaching and Learning for Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Primary
School. International Journal of Asian Social Science.
https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2017.77.534.545
Seman, W. M. W. (2018). Teachers’ Knowledge of Higher Order Thinking and
Questioning Skills: A Case Study at a Primary School in Terengganu. Malaysia.
International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and
Development, 7(2), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v7-i2/4120
Shafeei, K. N., Hassan, H., Ismail, F., & Abdul Aziz, A. (2018). Incorporating Higher
Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Questions in ESL Classroom Contexts. LSP
International Journal, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.11113/lspi.v4n1.49
Shahsavar, Z., Hoon, T. B., Thai, Y. N., & Samah, B. A. (2013). Promoting tertiary
level students’ critical thinking through the use of socratic questioning on the blog.
Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 21(November), 57–70.
Shairah, & Norazah. (2017). Kesediaan Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir
Aras Tinggi ( KBAT ). Simposium Pendidikan DiPeribadikan: Perspektif Risalah
An-Nur.
Sharifah Nor Puteh, Nor Adibah Ghazali, Mohd Mahzan Tamyis, A. A. (2012).
Keprihatinan Guru Bahasa Melayu Dalam Melaksanakan Kemahiran Berfikir
Secara Kritis Dan Kreatif. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 2, 19–31.
Sharma, B., Narayan, S., Khan, M. G. M., Kumar, B., Havea, R., Johnson, J. B., &
Naiker, M. (2021). The Attitudes of Tongan Senior Secondary Students Toward
Science. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40841-021-00203-6
Sharuji, W. N. S., & Nordin, N. M. (2017). Kesediaan Guru Dalam Pelaksanaan
Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi ( Kbat ). Simposium Pendidikan.
Si-Mui Sim, & Raja Isaiah Rasiah. (2006). Relationship between item difficulty and
discrimination indices in true/false-type multiple choice questions of a paraclinical
multidisciplinary paper. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore,
35(2), 67–71.
Sidek, Mohd Noah, J. A. (2005). Pembinaan Modul : bagaimana membina modul
latihan dan modul Akademik. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia (Vol. 2).
https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n11p78
Sidek, M. N., & Jamaludin, A. (2005). Pembinaan Modul. Bagaimana Membina Modul
Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Serdang: Penerbitan Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Siew, N. M., Chai, W. L., & Lee, B. N. (2021). The Kemahiran Proses Sains Tahap
Empat: Satu instrumen untuk Pelajar Tingkatan Empat Sekolah Menengah.
Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH).
https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i3.689
Sigel, I. E. (1979). On Becoming a Thinker: A Psychoeducational Model. Educational
Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461527909529208
Singh, C. K. S., Singh, R. K. A., Singh, T. S. M., Mostafa, N. A., & Mohtar, T. M. T.
(2018). Developing a Higher Order Thinking Skills Module for Weak ESL
Learners. English Language Teaching, 11(7), 86.
https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n7p86
Siong, W. W., & Osman, K. (2018). Pembelajaran Berasaskan Permainan dalam
Pendidikan Stem dan Penguasaan Kemahiran Abad Ke-21. Politeknik & Kolej
Komuniti Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3, 128–2875.
Siti Faridah, S., & Hartini, J. (2018). Kesan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berasaskan
masalah terhadap pemikiran kritis pelajar tingkatan empat dalam mata pelajaran
prinsip perakaunan. Management Research Journal.
Siti Hajar Taib, Mohd Azharin Ismail, & Maimun Aqsha Lubis Abdin Lubis. (2019).
Inovasi kesepaduan dan strategi pengajaran dan pembelajaran di era Revolusi
Industri 4.0. ASEAN Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam and
Civilization.
Siti Mariam Mahamood, & Roslinda Rosli. (2020). Pendekatan Inkuiri Penemuan dan
Penerokaan Terbuka : Penerapan Pembelajaran Matematik Berasaskan Stem di
Peringkat Sekolah Rendah Siti Mariam Mahamood & Roslinda Rosli Fakulti
Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 774–782.
Siti Mariam Zazam, & Kamisah Osman. (2017). Pengetahuan dan kemahiran guru
Sains sekolah rendah terhadap pemupukan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi ( Kbat
) dalam pembelajaran. Social Science Postgraduate International Seminar (SSPIS)
2017.
Siti Marlina Sabran. (2013). Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) Pelajar
Tingkatan 5 Dalam Penyelesaian Masalah Matematik. Journal of Chemical
Information and Modeling.
Siti Sarah, M. R., & Lilia, H. (2021). The Effectiveness of Critical Thinking in
Improving Skills in KBAT Problem Solving. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan
Matematik Malaysia.
Skills, C. (2010). Quality Science Education and 21st-Century Skills Introduction.
Science Education.
Škoda, J., Doulík, P., Bílek, M., & Šimonová, I. (2016). Learning style as a factor
influencing the efectiveness of the inquiry-based science education at lower
secondary schools. Journal of Baltic Science Education.
Stafford-Davis, C. (2011). Multicultural Education in the Music Classroom:
Definitions, Methods, and Motives. Journal of Chemical Information and
Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Subramaniam, S. R. (2007). Action research for exemplary science teaching. Shah
Alam: Karisma Publications. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231317
Suhadi, S. M., Aris, B., Mohammed, H., Zaid, N. M., Abdullah, D. Z., Kunci:, K., …
Sokratik, K. (2014). Penguasaan Pelajar Dalam Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi
Dengan Pembelajaran Kaedah Sokratik. Konvensyen Antarabangsa Jiwa
Pendidik, 2025(2012), 11–13.
Suhanna Zainudin, & Zanaton Hj Iksan. (2015). Pemerkasaan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras
Tinggi Dalam Sains. In Seminar Kebangsaan Pendidikan Negara Kali Ke-5.
Sukiman Saad, N. S. S. dan M. U. D. (2014). Pengajaran kemahiran berfikir. Jernal
Pendidikan, 2(1), 18–36.
Sundari. (2019). Hasil Belajar, Sikap, Persepsi Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Modul
Laju Reaksi Berbasis Konstruktivisme 5 fasa Needham Di SMA Negeri 15
Palembang. Universitas Sri Wijaya.
Susiani, K., & Suranata, K. (2017). Implementasi Metode Sokratik Melalui Lesson
Study Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Mahasiswa. Indonesian
Journal of Educational Counseling. https://doi.org/10.30653/001.201711.4
Swartz, R. J. (2001). Infusing Critical and Creative Thinking into Content Instruction.
In Developing Minds.
Syafiq, M. H. (2019). Meningkatkan kemahiran menyoal dalam pengajaran. Asian
Education Action Research Journal (AEARJ, 8(1), 1–8. Retrieved from
https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/ESSS/article/download/3266/2251
Syaubari Othman. (2020). Isu Dan Permasalahan (PdP) Kemahiran Berfikir Aras
Tinggi Dalam Amalan Pengajaran Guru Mengikut Ibnu Khaldun. Malaysian
Journal Of Islamic Studies (MJIS), 4(1), 94–106.
Syukri, M. (2016). Model Pengajaran Konstruktivisme Lima Fase Needham dalam
Pengintegrasian Pendidikan STEM. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan
Fisika 2016, (March).
Taasoobshirazi, G., & Farley, J. (2013). A multivariate model of physics problem
solving. Learning and Individual Differences.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.05.001
Tabachnick Barbara G., F. L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson
Education Ltd. (6th Editio). Pearson Education Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1037/022267
Tajularipin Sulaiman, Vickneswary Muniyan, Diwiyah Madhvan, Raidah Hasan, &
Suzieleez Syrene Abdul Rahim. (2017). Implementation of higher order thinking
skills in teaching of Science. International Research Journal of Education and
Sciences, 1(1), 1–3.
Talib, O., Luan, W. S., Azhar, S. C., & Abdullah, N. (2009). Uncovering Malaysian
students’ motivation to learning science. European Journal of Social Sciences,
8(2), 266–276.
Tan, S. Y., & Halili, S. H. (2015). Effective Teaching of Higher-Order Thinking (HOT)
in Education. The Online Journal of Distance Education and E-Learning.
Tanujaya, B., Mumu, J., & Margono, G. (2017). The Relationship between Higher
Order Thinking Skills and Academic Performance of Student in Mathematics
Instruction. International Education Studies, 10(11), 78.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n11p78
Thitima, G., & Sumalee, C. (2012). Scientific Thinking of the Learners Learning with
the Knowledge Construction Model Enhancing Scientific Thinking. Procedia -
Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.144
Tikva, J. B. (2010). Socratic teaching is not teaching, but direct transmission is: Notes
from 13 to 15-year olds’ conceptions of teaching. Teaching and Teacher
Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.10.001
Toma, R. B., Greca, I. M., & Orozco Gómez, M. L. (2019). Attitudes towards science
and views of nature of science among elementary school students in terms of
gender, cultural background and grade level variables. Research in Science and
Technological Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2018.1561433
Travers, J. F., Elliott, S. N., & Kratochwill, T. R. (1993). Educational psychology:
Effective teaching, effective learning. Educational psychology: Effective teaching,
effective learning.
Tuan Rahayu Tuan Lasan, M. A. C. N. & M. I. H. (2017). Pengetahuan, Sikap dan
Kesediaan Murid Terhadap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) dalam Mata
Pelajaran Tasawwur Islam. Tinta Artikulasi Membina Ummah.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.030
Tze, Universiti, T., Hussein, T., Pendidikan, U., Idris, S., Mei, H., … Investigation, C.
(2013). the Implementation of Thinking Skills Module for Secondary School
Students, (JUNE). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.1888.8644
Vebrianto, R., & Osman, K. (2011). The effect of multiple media instruction in
improving students’ science process skill and achievement. In Procedia - Social
and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.099
Veloo, A., Perumal, S., & Vikneswary, R. (2013). Inquiry-based Instruction, Students’
Attitudes and Teachers’ Support Towards Science Achievement in Rural Primary
Schools. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93(2002), 65–69.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.153
Vilia, P. N., Candeias, A. A., Neto, A. S., Franco, M. da G. S., & Melo, M. (2017).
Academic achievement in physics-chemistry: The predictive effect of attitudes
and reasoning abilities. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(JUN), 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01064
Vincent, A. (2018). Towards A Socratic Method of Teaching in the Nigerian
Classrooms, 5(June).
Wan Nasriha Wan Mohamed Salleh. (2016). Pembinaan Modul Pembelajaran
Berasaskan Projek Bagi Tajuk Pembahagian Sel Wan. UKM.
Wilson, T. D. (2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science, 3(2), 49–55.
https://doi.org/10.28945/576
Woodward, C., & Woodward, N. (1998). Welsh primary school leavers’ perceptions of
science. International Journal of Phytoremediation.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0263514980160104
Yadin, A. (2007). Implementation of bloom’s taxonomy on systems analysis
workshops. SIGED: IAIM 2007, Proceedings - 22nd Annual Conference,
78(January).
Yahaya, A., Ramli, J., & Boon, Y. (1999). Sumbangan Sikap Terhadap Pencapaian
Pelajar Dalam Mata Pelajaran Matematik: Sejauhmanakah Hubungan Ini
Releven? Eprints.Utm.My.
Yahya, A. A., Toukal, Z., & Osman, A. (2012a). Bloom’s taxonomy-based
classification for item bank questions using support vector machines. In Studies in
Computational Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30732-4_17
Yahya, A. A., Toukal, Z., & Osman, A. (2012b). Bloom ’ s Taxonomy – Based
Classification for Item Bank. Modern Advances in Intelligent Systems and Tools,
431, 135–140.
Yahya bin Othman, & Azemy bin Othman. (2012). Keberkesanan penggunaan peta
minda dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran karangan argumentatif di sebuah
sekolah menengah Arab di negara Brunei Darussalam. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa
Melayu – JPBM (Malay Language Education Journal – MyLEJ).
Yien Fang, C. (2014). HOTs and Academic Performance, 16(January).
Yuliati, S. R., & Lestari, I. (2018). Higher Order thinking Skills (HOTS) Analysis Of
Students In Solving Hots Question. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan.
https://doi.org/10.21009/pip.322.10
Yusuf, I., Widyaningsih, S. W., Prasetyo, Z. K., & Istiyono, E. (2020). Higher order
thinking skills (HOTS)-oriented e-module in electric circuit. Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, 1521(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1521/2/022027
Yuzie, A., Arshad, M., Pendidikan, F., Yasin, R. M., Pendidikan, U., & Idris, S. (2015).
Kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi murid dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah bagi
mata pelajaran sains. Asian Education Action Research Journal, 4, 81–96.
Zachariades, T., Christou, C., & Pitta-Pantazi, D. (2013). Reflective, systemic and
analytic thinking in real numbers. Educational Studies in Mathematics.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-012-9413-y
Zaidir, M., Abidin, Z., & Osman, K. (2019). Akademia Baru Journal of Advanced
Research in pelaksaanaan guru sains terhadap kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (
KBAT ) ( Level of knowledge , understanding , skills and performance of science
teachers on higher order thinking skills ), (January).
Zajda, J. (2018). Effective constructivist pedagogy for quality learning in schools.
Educational Practice and Theory. https://doi.org/10.7459/ept/40.1.05
Zakaria, N., Ali, A., Hamidon, N. I., & Rasap, S. A. (2018). Aplikasi Peta Pemikiran IThink
Dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT). Online
Journal for TVET Practitioners.
Zakiah Mohamad, Ashari, & Azlina Mohd. Kosnin, & Y. K. J. (2013). Pembinaan
Modul Belajar Melalui Bermain Dalam Pembelajaran Awal Matematik Kanak-
Kanak Prasekolah. Insan 2015, (APRIL 2015), 1–8. Retrieved from Mohamad
Ashari, Z., & Yeo, K. J. (2015). Pembinaan Modul Belajar Melalui Bermain
Dalam Pembelajaran Awal Matematik Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah.
Researchgate.Net, (May 2017).
Zare, P., & Mukundan, J. (2015). The Use of Socratic Method as a Teaching/Learning
Tool to Develop Students Critical Thinking: a Review of Literature. Language In
India, 15(6), 256–265.
Zhaffar, N. M., Abdullah, W. A. A. W., Hamzah, M. I., Razak, K. A., & Lubis, M. A.
(2018). Strategi Penyoalan Guru Pendidikan Islam Dalam Pengajaran Berfikir
Kritis. ASEAN Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam and
Civilization (ACER-J).
Zohar, A. (2013). Challenges in wide scale implementation efforts to foster higher order
thinking (HOT) in science education across a whole school system. Thinking Skills
and Creativity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2013.06.002
Zohar, A., Degani, A., & Vaaknin, E. (2001). Teachers’ beliefs about low-achieving
students and higher order thinking. Teaching and Teacher Education.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00007-5
Zurainu Mat Jasin, & Abdull Sukor Shaari. (2012). Keberkesanan model
oknstruktivisme Lima Fasa Needham dalam pengajaran komsas Bahasa Melayu.
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu.