UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
This study is performed to measure STEM Attitude, Knowledge and Application
(SAKA) of primary school science teachers of Batang Padang District. Specifically,
the study examined the scores of teachers’ STEM AKA by gender, major course,
teaching years and education qualification. This study employs a quantitative approach,
144 teachers from Batang Padang district were selected as respondents through the
Stratified sampling method. The questionnaire was adapted and modified from three
different instrument, the questionnaire was reliable and valid. The results showed that
primary science teachers have non-significant values of the application, knowledge,
and attitude [t=0.809, t=0.086 and t=0.146] between male and female science teachers.
Moreover, primary science teachers have non-significant values of the application,
knowledge, and attitude [t=0.823, t= 0.737 and t=0.336] revealing no differences
between science and non-science major primary science teacher’s AKA. Furthermore,
primary science teachers have non-significant values of the application, knowledge,
and attitude [F=0.165, F= 0.074 and F=0.078] according to their teaching experiences
years. Finally, primary science teachers have non-significant values of the application,
knowledge, and attitude [F=0.081, F=0.142 and F=0.786] according to their education
qualifications. In conclusion, the STEM implementation in a school can be done
successfully because the teachers are ready. The study’s results suggest that STEM
AKA are fundamental domains for the proper implementation of STEM education in
Malaysia. |
References |
Acun-Kapikiran, N., Kapikiran, S., Adel, T., Zainal Ariffin, A.,Rakes, C. R. (2014). School effectiveness and school improvement : alternative perspectives. School Effectiveness and School Improvement. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2012.680892
Akkerman, S. F., Meijer, P. C., Beijaard, D., Verloop, N., Vermunt, J. D., Bettuzzi, S., Burn, K., Burton, E. P., Certificate, T. A., Clandinin, D. J., Murphy, M. S., Cohen, J. L., Collins, B., Jarvis-selinger, B. S., Pratt, D. D., Collins, J. B., Jarvisselinger, S., Conceptualisation, E. a V., Knowing, O. F., … Ve, G. (2007). Chapter 1: Introduction. Teaching and Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00023-8
Al-Nouh, N. A., Taqi, H. A., & Abdul-Kareem, M. M. (2014). EFL primary school teachers’ attitudes, knowledge and skills in alternative assessment. International Education Studies,7(5), 68–84. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v7n5p68
Al Salami, M. K., Makela, C. J., & de Miranda, M. A. (2017). Assessing changes in teachers’ attitudes toward interdisciplinary STEM teaching. International Journal ofTechnology and Design Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798- 015-9341-0
Altun, T., &Akyıldız, S. (2017). Investigating Student Teachers ’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge ( Tpack ) Levels. European Journal of Education Studies. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.555996
Anwar, Y., Rustaman, N. Y., Widodo, A., &Redjeki, S. (2014).Kemampuan pedagogical content knowledge guru biologi yang berpengalamandan yang belumberpengalaman. JurnalPengajaranMatematikal Dan IlmuPengetahuanAlam. https://doi.org/10.18269/jpmipa.v19i1.426
Appleton, K. (2003). How do beginning primary school teachers cope with science? Toward an understanding of science teaching practice. Research in Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023666618800
Aslam, F., Adefila, A., &Bagiya, Y. (2018). STEM outreach activities: an approach to teachers’ professional development. Journal of Education for Teaching. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2018.1422618
Baumann, M. H. (2016). Education for the 21st century. Annual Technical Conference- ANTEC, Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049996-14
Bell, D. (2016). The reality of STEM education, design and technology teachers’ perceptions: a phenomenographic study. International Journal of Technology and Design Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-015-9300-9
Biggam, J. (2001). Defining knowledge: An epistemological foundation for knowledge management. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2001.927102
Boone, H. N., Boone, D. A., & Virginia, W. (2012). April 2012 Article Number 2TOT2 Analyzing Likert Data Likert-Type Versus Likert Scales. Journal of Extension.
Botha, A., Kourie, D., &Snyman, R. (2014). Knowledge management best practices. In Coping with Continuous Change in the Business Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84334-355-4.50007-1
Bridgeland, J., Bruce, M., &Hariharan, A. (2013). The Missing Piece: A National Teacher Survey on How Social and Emotional Learning Can Empower Children and Transform Schools. In A National Teacher Survey on How Social and Emotional Learning Can Empower Children and Transform Schools. A Report for CASEL. Executive Summary.
Brown, T., & Katz, B. (2011). Change by design. Journal of Product Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00806.x
Burrows, A. C., Garofalo, J., Barbato, S., Christensen, R., Grant, M., Parrish, J., Thomas, C., & Tyler-Wood, T. (2017). Editorial: Integrated STEM and Current Directions in the STEM Community. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education.
Capraro, R. M., & Slough, S. W. (2013). Why PBL? why STEM? why now? an introduction to STEM project-based learning: An integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) approach. In STEM Project- Based Learning an Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-143-6_1
Ceylan, S., &Ozdilek, Z. (2015). Improving a Sample Lesson Plan for Secondary Science Courses within the STEM Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.395
Chien, P. L. K., &Lajium, D. A. D. (2016). The Effectiveness of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Learning Approach among Secondary School Students. International Conference on Education and Psychology 2016, November, 95–104.
Chiu, A., Price, A., Ovrahim, E. (2015). SUPPORTING ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STEM EDUCATION AT THE WHOLE-SCHOOL LEVEL: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. NARST 2015 Annual Conference,.
Çinar, S., Pirasa, N., Uzun, N., &Erenler, S. (2016). The effect of STEM education on pre-service science teachers’ perception of interdisciplinary education. Journal of Turkish Science Education. https://doi.org/10.12973/tused.10175a
Daugherty, M. K., Carter, V., &Swagerty, L. (2014). Elementary STEM Education: The Future for Technology and Engineering Education? Journal of STEM Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.30707/jste49.1daugherty
DeJarnette, N. K. (2012). America’s children: Providing early exposure to STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) initiatives. Education.
Education Council. (2015). National STEM School Education Strategy: A Comprehensive Plan for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education in Australia. Australian Education Ministers.
Education, S. (2009). Science , Technology , Engineering , and Mathematics ( STEM ) Education What Form ? What Function ? Science Education, 1–11.
Enochs, L. G., & Riggs, I. M. (2002). Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (STEBI) – Form B (Pre-Service). October, 1990.
Erduran, S., Ozdem, Y., & Park, J. Y. (2015). Research trends on argumentation in science education: a journal content analysis from 1998–2014. International Journal of STEM Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-015-0020-1
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. In Statistics.
Fishbein, M., &Ajzen, I. (1975). Chapter 2. Theories of Attitude (EVT). In Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior, An Introduction to Theory and Research.
Flores, C. (2018). Problem-based science, a constructionist approach to science literacy in middle school. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2017.11.001
Ganley, C. M., George, C. E., Cimpian, J. R., &Makowski, M. B. (2018). Gender Equity in College Majors: Looking Beyond the STEM/Non-STEM Dichotomy for Answers Regarding Female Participation. American Educational Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831217740221
Gay, L. R., M. G. E. & A. P. (2012). Education Research Competencies for analysis and Applications Tenth Edition. Pearson.
Gonzalez, H. B., &Kuenzi, J. J. (2014). Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education: A primer. In Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Education: Trends and Alignment with Workforce Needs (pp. 1–46).
Gosselin, D. C., &Macklem-Hurst, J. L. (2002). Pre-/post-knowledge assessment of an earth science course for elementary/middle school education majors. Journal of Geoscience Education. https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-50.2.169
Graham, C. R., Burgoyne, N., Cantrell, P., Smith, L., Clair, L. S., & Harris, R. (2009). Measuring the TPACK confidence of inservice science teachers. TechTrends. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-009-0328-0
Graham I, Logan J, Harrison M, Straus S, Tetroe J, Caswell W, Robinson N: Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map?. J ContinEduc Health Prof. 2006, 26: 13-24. 10.1002/chp.47. No Title. (n.d.).
Griffin, E., &McClish, G. (2011). Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura. In A First Look at Communication Theory. https://doi.org/10.1177/105960117700200317
Habashi, M. M., Graziano, W. G., Evangelou, D., &Ngambeki, I. (2009). Teacher influences on child Interest in STEM careers. 2009 Research in Engineering Education Symposium, REES 2009.
Haddock, G., &Maio, G. R. (2007). Encyclopedia of Social Psychology Attitudes. In Encyclopedia of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412956253.n37
Hafizan, E., Shahali, M., Ismail, I., & Halim, L. (2017). Science and Technology Trends Policy Trajectories and Initiatives in STEM Education STEM Education in Malaysia: Policy, Trajectories and Initiatives. Asian Research Policy, 8(2), 122–133.
Harrell, R. (2014). A narrative study of novice elementary teachers’ perceptions of science instruction. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Harrison, C. (2015). Assessment for learning in science classrooms. Journal of Research in STEM Education, 1(2), 78–86. https://www.jstem. net/index.php/jstem/article/view/12
Henriksen, D. (2014). Full STEAM Ahead: Creativity in Excellent STEM Teaching Practices. STEAM. https://doi.org/10.5642/steam.20140102.15
Herschbach, D. R. (2011). The STEM Initiative: Constraints and Challenges Dennis R. Herschbach University of Maryland. STEM Teacher Education.
Hodgen, J., & Askew, M. (2007). Emotion, identity and teacher learning: Becoming a primary mathematics teacher. Oxford Review of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980701451090
Honey, M. A., Pearson, G., &Schweingruber, H. (2014). STEM integration in K-12 education: status, prospects, and an agenda for research. In STEM Integration in K-12 Education: Status, Prospects, and an Agenda for Research. https://doi.org/10.17226/18612
Idham, M., Razak, M., Yusof, A. M., Syazana, W. N., Jaafar, W. E., &Talib, A. H. (2014). Factors Influencing Unemployment among Graduates in Malaysia – An Overview. ISSN.
Ismail, Z. (2018). Helpdesk Report: Benefits of STEM Education. September. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c6c0ec740f0b647abb525a7/41 8_Benefits_of_STEM_Education.pdf
Jakobsson, U. (2004). Statistical presentation and analysis of ordinal data in nursing research. In Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2004.00305.x
Jamieson, S. (2004). Scale likert how to use them. Medical Education.
Jegede, O. O., &Ojo, B. F. (2013). Science and technology activities in the emerging economies: Options for Nigeria1. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2013.796741
Kandasamy, M., Bt, P., & Shah, H. M. (2013). Knowledge, Attitude and Use of Ict Among Esl Teachers. Gse Journal of Education.
Kasza, P., & Slater, T. F. (2016). A Survey Of Best Practices And Key Learning Objectives For Successful Secondary School STEM Academy Settings. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER). https://doi.org/10.19030/cier.v10i1.9880
Kelble, E. S., Howard, R. E., &Tapp, J. B. (1994). Enhancing physical science instruction for gifted elementary school students: Developing teacher confidence and skills. Roeper Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199409553565
Kelley, T. R. (2012). Voices from the Past: Messages for a STEM Future. The Journal of Technology Studies. https://doi.org/10.21061/jots.v38i1.a.4
Kelley, T. R., & Knowles, J. G. (2016). A conceptual framework for integrated STEM education. In International Journal of STEM Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0046-z
Kerr, J. M. (2013). Examining teacher mental models for the implementation of a STEM-focused curriculum paradigm in engineering and technology education. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Komarudin, U., Rustaman, N. Y., &Hasanah, L. (2017). Promoting students’ conceptual understanding using STEM-based e-book. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1848. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4983976
Korbel, V., & Paulus, M. (2018). Do teaching practices impact socio-emotional skills? Education Economics. https://doi.org/10.1080/09645292.2018.1460320
Kothari. C. R. (2004). Research Methodology Methods and Technique. New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers.
Kuenzi, J. J. (2011). Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education: Background, federal policy, and legislative action. In U.S. Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education.
Lannin, J. K., Webb, M., Chval, K., Arbaugh, F., Hicks, S., Taylor, C., &Bruton, R. (2013). The development of beginning mathematics teacher pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-013-9244-5
Lekhu, M. A. (2013). Relationship between self-efficacy beliefs of science teachers and their confidence in content knowledge. Journal of Psychology in Africa. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2013.10820602
Lesseig, K. (2016). Fostering teacher learning of conjecturing, generalizing, and justifying through mathematics studio. Mathematics Teacher Education and Development.
Lin, T. J., Lin, T. C., Potvin, P., & Tsai, C. C. (2019). Research trends in science education from 2013 to 2017: a systematic content analysis of publications in selected journals. International Journal of Science Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1550274
Ling Chia, P., Mistima Maat, S., Pendidikan, F., &Kebangsaan Malaysia, U. (2018). An Exploratory Study of Teachers’ Attitudes towards Integration of STEM in Malaysia 45. International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Applied Sciences, 1(1), 2600–7495.
Liu, L., & Gibson, D. C. (2015). Research Highlights in Technology and Teacher Education 2015. AACE – Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.
Lo, Y. Y., &Macaro, E. (2012). The medium of instruction and classroom interaction: Evidence from Hong Kong secondary schools. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2011.588307
Lowrie, T., Leonard, S., & Fitzgerald, R. (2018). STEM Practices: A translational framework for large-scale STEM education design. Educational Design Research. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/eder.2.1.1243
M. Aurah, C., & J. McConnell, T. (2014). Comparative Study on Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Teaching in Kenya and the United States of America; USA. American Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-2-4-9
Maheshwari, V.K.(2018). Causal-comparative Research http://www.vkmaheshwari.com/WP/?p=2491
Malaysia, J. P., & (JPN). (2017). SejarahPendidikan di Malaysia. http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/pendidikan/1057-sejarahpendidikan- di-malaysia.html
Maltese, A. V., Potvin, G., Lung, F. D., &Hochbein, C. D. (2014). STEM and STEM education in the United States. In The Age of STEM: Educational policy and practice across the world in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315767512
Margot, K. C., &Kettler, T. (2019). Teachers’ perception of STEM integration and education: a systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-018-0151-2
Martí-Parreño, J., Seguí-Mas, D., &Seguí-Mas, E. (2016). Teachers’ Attitude towards and Actual Use of Gamification. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.07.104
Maulana, R., Helms-Lorenz, M., & van de Grift, W. (2015). Pupils’ perceptions of teaching behaviour: Evaluation of an instrument and importance for academic motivation in Indonesian secondary education. International Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2014.11.002
Menter, I., & Hulme, M. (2012). Teacher education in Scotland - riding out the recession? In Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2012.680040
Ministry of Education Malaysia (MoE). (2015). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2015- 2025 (Higher Education). In Ministry of Education Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijis.20120206.05
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2009). Koehler & Mishra (2009) | Dr Matthew J. Koehler. Teachers College Record.
Mocikova, K., Svac, J., Faber, E., Wildova, B., Banikova, I., Sullivan, G. M., Artino, A. R., Brown, J. D., Averin, A. D., Yakushev, A. A., Maloshitskaya, O. A., Surby, S. A., Koifman, O. I., &Beletskaya, I. P. (2013). Comparison of tarivid and biseptol in prevention of bacterial infection in patients with acute leukaemia. Russian Chemical Bulletin, 15(2), 541–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-017-1908-3
Murnawianto, S., Sarwanto, S., &Rahardjo, S. B. (2017). STEM-BASED SCIENCE LEARNING IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: POTENCY FOR TRAINING STUDENTS’ THINKING SKILL. PancaranPendidikan. https://doi.org/10.25037/pancaran.v6i4.86
Mustafa, N., Ismail, Z., Tasir, Z., & Mohamad Said, M. N. H. (2016). A meta-analysis on effective strategies for integrated STEM education. Advanced Science Letters, 22(12), 4225–4288. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.8111
Nadelson, L. S., Callahan, J., Pyke, P., Hay, A., Dance, M., &Pfiester, J. (2013). Teacher STEM perception and preparation: Inquiry-based stem professional development for elementary teachers.Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2012.667014
Ng, S. B. (2014). Science Education : Challenges and the Way Forward. Ministry of Education Malaysia, 1–61. http://research.utar.edu.my/SoSE2014/1.Challenges and issues in science education.pdf
Nolan, A., &Molla, T. (2017). Teacher confidence and professional capital. Teaching and Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.11.004
Nolan, A., &Molla, T. (2018). Teacher professional learning in Early Childhood education: insights from a mentoring program.Early Years. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2016.1259212
Nordin, H., Davis, N., &Ariffin, T. F. T. (2013). A Case Study of Secondary Pre-service Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge Mastery Level. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.300
Norman, G. (2010). Likert scales, levels of measurement and the “laws” of statistics. Advances in Health Sciences Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010- 9222-
NRC, N. R. C. (1996). Science Content Standards. In National Science Education Standards. https://doi.org/10.17226/4962
Oliveros Ruiz, M. A., Vargas Osuna, L., Valdez Salas, B., SchorrWienner, M., Sevilla Garcia, J., Cabrera Cordova, E., Nedev, R., & Ibarra, R. (2014). The Importance of Teaching Science and Technology in Early Education Levels in an Emerging Economy. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467614559124
Osman, K., Halim, L., &Meerah, S. M. (2006). What Malaysian science teachers need to improve their science instruction: A comparison across gender, school location and area of specialization. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/75453
PADU. (2013). Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013 - 2025. Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007
Pajares, M. F. (1992). Teachers’ Beliefs and Educational Research: Cleaning Up a Messy Construct. Review of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543062003307
Pearson, G. (2017). National academies piece on integrated STEM. Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2017.1289781
Pearson, J. B. (1965). THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD. By Carlo L. Lastrucci. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Schenkman Publishing Company, 1964. 257 pp. Illustrated. $5.95. Social Forces. https://doi.org/10.2307/2574843
Permanasari, A. (2016). STEM Education: InovasidalamPembelajaranSains. Prosiding Seminar NasionalPendidikanSains.
Pryor, B. W., Pryor, C. R., & Kang, R. (2016). Teachers’ thoughts on integrating STEM into social studies instruction: Beliefs, attitudes, and behavioral decisions. Journal of Social Studies Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2015.06.005
Pundak, D., Shacham, M., &Herscovitz, O. (2007). Attitudes of Face-to-Face and e- Learning Instructors toward ’ Active Learning ’ Students ’ Satisfaction regarding Active Learning Instructors ’ Perceptions of Active Learning. European Journal of Open Distance and ELearning.
Quang, L., Hoang, L., Chuan, V., Nam, N., Anh, N., &Nhung, V. (2015). Integrated Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education through Active Experience of Designing Technical Toys in Vietnamese Schools. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/19429
Radloff, J., &Guzey, S. (2016). Investigating Preservice STEM Teacher Conceptions of STEM Education. Journal of Science Education and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-016-9633-Rahayu, T. (2018).
Rattray, J.C., & Jones, M. C. (2007a). Essential elements of questionnaire design and development. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16,. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.461.4200&rep=rep1 &t ype=pdf
Rattray, J.C., & Jones, M. C. (2007b). Essential elements of questionnaire design and development. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16
Rauf, R. A. A. (2012). STEM Pedagogical Approach For Primary Science Teachers ’ Through Early Engineering Training Program. University of Malaya, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2008.43.2.90
Richardson, V. (1996). The role of attitudes and beliefs in learning to teach. In Handbook of research on teacher education.
Riwayati, et al. (2014). Prosiding Seminar NasionalAplikasiSains&Teknologi (SNAST) 2014 Yogyakarta, 15 November 2014 ISSN: 1979-911X. Snast. https://doi.org/1979-911X
Rosicka, C. (2016). Translating STEM education research into practice. Professional Development for Teachers and School Leaders, June. https://research.acer.edu.au/professional_dev/10
Rotermund, S., DeRoche, J., &Ottem, R. (2017). Teacher Professional Development By Selected Teacher and School Characteristics: 2011–12. Stats In Brief.
Salkin, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of Research Design. Sage Publications, Inc.
Seals, C. D., & Smith, E. B. (2013). Enhancing K-12 education with engineering outreach. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.
Sharkawy, A. (2015). Envisioning a career in science, technology, engineering and mathematics: some challenges and possibilities. Cultural Studies of Science Education.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11422-014-9636-6
Siew, N. M., Amir, N., & Chong, C. L. (2015). The perceptions of pre-service and inservice teachers regarding a project-based STEM approach to teaching science. SpringerPlus, 4(1), 1–20 .https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-4-8
Slavit, D., Nelson, T. H., &Lesseig, K. (2016). The teachers’ role in developing, opening, and nurturing an inclusive STEM-focused school. International Journal of STEM Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-016-0040-5
Stohlmann, M., Moore, T., &Roehrig, G. (2012). Considerations for Teaching Integrated STEM Education. Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284314653
Stohlmann, M. S., Moore, T. J., & Cramer, K. (2013). Preservice Elementary Teachers’ Mathematical Content Knowledge from an Integrated STEM Modelling Activity. Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Application.
Successful K-12 STEM Education. (2011). In Successful K-12 STEM Education. https://doi.org/10.17226/13158
Suhid, A. B. T. E., Warren, R., McKEACHiE, W., Pendidikan, D., Razak, P., Pelajaran, O., Talib, L. R., Pelajaran, A., Kabinet, J., Jawatankuasa, L., Pendidikan, S., Melayu, T., Pendidikan, K. K., Kabinet, L. J., Feiman-nemser, S., Othman, H., Salleh, B. M. B. M.,Dawilah, S. M., Sulaiman, A., 2006-2010, P. I. P. P. (2010). Malaysian Teacher Quality for Human Capital Development. Australian Journal of Teacher Education
. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Sun, S.-C. (2015). Chang Chien’s Thought on Education. OALib, 02(03), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101388
Syafrimen, Ishak, N. M., &Erlina, N. (2017). Emotional intelligence profile of prospective teachers. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2017.1677.1680
Tanang, H., & Abu, B. (2014). Teacher Professionalism and Professional Development Practices in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching.https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v3n2p25
Thibaut, L., Knipprath, H., Dehaene, W., &Depaepe, F. (2018). The influence of teachers’ attitudes and school context on instructional practices in integrated STEM education. Teaching and Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.12.014
UNESCO Global Monitoring Report. (2014). Global Monitoring Report 2013/4: Teaching and Learning: Achieving quality for all. In United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Upitis, R. (2003). What is arts education good for? [Learning through the Arts]. Education Canada.
Van Aalderen-Smeets, S. I., Walma van der Molen, J. H., &Asma, L. J. F. (2012). Primary teachers’ attitudes toward science: A new theoretical framework. Science Education, 96(1), 158–182. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20467
Wahono, B., & Chang, C. (2018). Examining the Relationship between Science Teachers ’ Knowledge , Attitude , Examining the Relationship between Science Teachers ’ Knowledge , Attitude , and Application of STEM Education. November, 2–4.
Wahono, B., & Chang, C. Y. (2019). Assessing Teacher’s Attitude, Knowledge, and Application (AKA) on STEM: An Effort to Foster the Sustainable Development of STEM Education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040950
Wilkins, J. L. M. (2004). Mathematics and science self-concept: An international investigation. Journal of Experimental Education. https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.72.4.331-346
Wilkins, J. L. M., & Ma, X. (2003). Modeling change in student attitude toward and beliefs about mathematics. Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670309596628
Wu, Y.-T., & Anderson, O. R. (2015). Technology-enhanced stem (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. Journal of Computers in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-015-0041-2
Yildirim, B., &SahinTopalcengiz, E. (2019). STEM Pedagogical Content Knowledge Scale (STEMPCK): A Validity and Reliability Study. Journal of STEM Teacher Education, 53(2). https://doi.org/10.30707/jste53.2yildirim
Zakaria, S. M., Yunus, M. M., Nazri, N. M., & Shah, P. M. (2016). Students’ Experience of Using Storybird in Writing ESL Narrative Text. Creative Education, 07(15), 2107–2120.https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.715210
Zhe, J., Doverspike, D., Zhao, J., Lam, P., &Menzemer, C. (2010). High School Bridge Program: A Multidisciplinary STEM Research Program. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research.V11 N1-2 P61-68 Jan-Jun 2010.
Zorlu, F., &Zorlu, Y. (2017). Comparison of Science Process Skills with Stem Career Interests of Middle School Students. Universal Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2017.051201
Zyngier, D., Zullig, K. J., Collins, R., Ghani, N., Hunter, A. A., Patton, J. M., Huebner, E. S., Zhang, J., Zins, J. E., Bloodworth, M. R., PISA 2012 results : ready to learn. Students’ engagement, drive and self-beliefs (volume III). School Effectiveness and School Improvement. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2012.68089
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |