UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk mengkaji pelaksanaan projek terhadap Kemahiran
Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) kanak-kanak prasekolah berdasarkan empat tahap
pemikiran kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi iaitu mengaplikasi, menganalisis, menilai dan
mencipta. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan dalam
menentukan responden yang bersesuaian di mana seorang guru berserta 13 orang
kanak-kanak di sebuah prasekolah swasta di negeri Perak dipilih. Kajian kualitatif ini
menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes. Data kajian diperoleh menerusi pemerhatian,
dokumen, temu bual terhadap peserta kajian. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah
analisis naratif dan analisis kandungan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan empat tahap
kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi iaitu mengaplikasi, menganalisis, menilai dan mencipta
dapat dilaksanakan kepada kanak-kanak melalui pelaksanaan pendekatan projek.
Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kanak-kanak dapat menggunakan pengetahuan sedia ada,
kemahiran yang diperolehi dan nilai dalam aktiviti yang berlainan bermula fasa pertama
sehingga fasa terakhir iaitu fasa kemuncak. Selain itu, dapatan kajian menunjukkan
pendekatan projek merupakan satu pendekatan mengintegrasikan kemahiran berfikir
aras tinggi kanak-kanak yang diperlihatkan daripada penggunaan Learning Journey,
teknik penyoalan, penggunaan bahan maujud dan penggunaan peta minda.
Kesimpulannya, pendekatan projek merupakan pencetus kepada kemahiran berfikir
aras tinggi kanak-kanak melalui aktiviti penerokaan dan penyiasatan kanak-kanak.
Cetusan idea daripada kanak-kanak dijadikan asas kepada penyiasatan yang dijalankan
secara inisiatif kanak-kanak sendiri. Implikasi kajian ini dapat menggalakkan semua
prasekolah kerajaan mahupun swasta menjalankan pendekatan projek agar kemahiran
berfikir aras tinggi ini dapat disemai pada peringkat awal kanak-kanak. |
References |
Abd Rashid Omar (1999) Pancaminda (Edisi kedua) Kemahiran berfikir sekolah rendah. Unit Kurikulum, Jabatan Pendikan Perak.
Abd Rashid Omar (1999). Pancaminda Kemahiran Berfikir Secara Kristis dan Kreatif untuk Sekolah Rendah. Ipoh, Perak: First Copy (M) Sdn Bhd.
Abdul Halim Abdullah, Baharuddin Aris, Muhammad Sukri Saud, Yusof Boon, & Saidatul Akmal Awang Ali. (2015). Pelaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT): isu dan cabaran dalam aspek kurikulum, pedagogi dan pentaksiran. Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan-Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam, 77– 88.
Abdul Halim, Elyssa Heinzie Josin, Azizah Zain dan Nur Arifah Syahindah Zainudin, (2018). Pengetahuan pengajaran dalam kalangan guru prasekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak Kebangsaan, 8, 33–41. http://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPAK
Ainon Mohd & Abdullah Hassan (2001). Komunikasi untuk pemimpin. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Publications & Distributors.
Anida Sarudin, Dahlia Janan, D., Osman, Z., Khair, A., Noor, M., Bahasa, J., Melayu, K., Bahasa, F., & Komunikasi, D. (2016). Penguasaan Bahasa Melayu Kanak- kanak Prasekolah Berdasarkan Inventori Penilaian Kemahiran Terancang. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 04, 93– 106. http://ijleal.ump.edu.my/
Azhari Mariani & Zaleha Ismail. (2013). Pengaruh Kompentasi Guru Matematik ke Atas Amalan Pengajaran Kreatif. 2ⁿᵈ International Seminar on Quality and Affordable Education. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, 181-187
Azizah Zain (2015). Pelaksanaan Modul Projek Penyiasatan Dalam Meningkatkan Komunikasi Dan Kemahiran Sosial Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah. (Tesis Doktor Falsafah Tidak Diterbitkan). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Azizah Zain dan Abdul Aziz Abdul Syukor (2012). Tahap Pengetahuan Guru-Guru Prasekolah Dalam Melaksanakan Pendekatan Projek Di Prasekolah. Dalam Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Pendidikan Awal Kanak-kanak (m.s. 78-80). Kota Baharu: Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Kota Bharu.
Beneke, S. (1998). Rearview mirror: Reflections on A Preschool Car Project. Champaign, IL.; ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education.
Bloom, B.S. 1956. Taxonomy of educational objectives: Cognitive domain. New York: Mc Kay.
Bruner, J.S. (1966). Towards a theory of instruction. Cambridge: Havard University Press.
Burke, L. A., & Williams, J. M. (2008). Developing Young Thinkers: An intervention aimed to enhance children’s thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 3(2), 104–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2008.01.001
Burns, R. B. (2000). Introduction to Research Methods. 4th ed. Frenchs Forest: Pearson Education Australia Ptv. Ltd.
Carpenter, C. dan Suto. M. (2008). Qualitative Research for Occupational and Physical Therapists: A Practical Guide. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Chew, F.P., & Nadaraja, S. (2014). Pelaksanaan Kemahiran Berfikir Kreatif dan Kritis dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Komsas di Sekolah Menengah. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu (MyLEJ). ISSN: 2180-4842. Vol. 4, Bil 2 (Nov 2014): 10-24.
Chua Yan Piaw (2006). Kaedah Penyelidikan. Malaysia: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia).
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Eveluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Edisi ke-3. Pearson International Edition.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Debra Danyi, Heather Sebest, Amy Thompson, & Lisa Young. (2002). ECRP. Vol 4 No 2. The Apple Project. Manor Avenue Annex, Struthers Elementary School, Struthers, Ohio. https://ecrp.illinois.edu/v4n2/danyi.html
Denzin N. and Lincoln Y. (Eds.) (2000). Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publication Inc.
Denzin, NK. 1978. The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction in Sociological Methods. McGraw-Hills: New York.
Flick, U. 2006. An Introduction to Qualitative Research, 3ʳᵈ edn, London: Sage Publication.
Gallick, B., & Lee, L. (2010). What happens at a car wash? Early Childhood Research and Practice, 12(2). https://ecrp.illinois.edu/v12n2/gallick.html
Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan: Amalan Dan Analisis Kajian. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Harkema, R. (1999). The School Bus Project. Early Childhood Research & Practice. http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/vin2/harkema.html
Harlen, W. (2014). Helping children’s development of inquiry skills. Inquiry in Primary Science Education (IPSE), 1, 5–19. https://ipsejournal.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/3-ipse-volume-1-no-1-wynne- harlen-p-5-19.pdf
Helm, J. H & Katz, L.G. (2015). Becoming young thinkers: Deep project work in the classroom. United States of America: Teachers College Press.
Helm, J. H., & Katz, L. G. 1. (2011). Young investigators: the project approach in the early years. 2nd ed. New York: Washington, D.C.: Teachers College Press.
Helm, J.H. & Beneke, S. (2003). The Power of Project Meeting Contemporary Challenges in Early Childhood Classrooms. Amsterdam Avenue New York: Teachers College Press.
Helm, J.H. & Katz, L.G. (2001). Young Investigators: The Project Approach in The Early Years. Teachers College Press.
Heong, Y. M., Othman, W. B., Yunos, J. B. M., Kiong, T. T., Hassan, R. Bin, & Mohamad, M. M. B. (2011). The Level of Marzano Higher Order Thinking Skillsamong Technical Education Students. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(2), 121–125. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2011.v1.20
Hesse-Biber, S.N. and Leavy, L.P. (2005), The Practice of Qualitative Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Hewson, P. W. (1992). Conceptual change in science teaching and teacher education. A meeting on “Research and Curriculum Development in Science Teaching” under the auspices of the National Centre for Education Research, Documentation, and Assessment, Ministry for Education and Science, Madrid, Spain.
Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Duncan, R. G., & Chinn, C. A. (2007). Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006). Educational Psychologist, 42(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520701263368
Holstein, J. dan Gubrium, J.F. (eds). (2003). Inside Interviewing: New Lenses, New Concerns. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications,
Kaldi, S., Filippatou. D., & Govaris, C. (2011). Project-Based Learning in Primary Schools: Effects on Pupils’ Learning And Attitudes. Education 3-13, 39(1), 35- 47
Kamaruzaman Jusoff, Baharuddin Haji Abdul Rahman, Khairul Azhar Mat Daud, & Nik Azida Abd Ghani. (2010). Motivating Students Using Project Based Learning (PjBL) via e-SOLMS Technology. World Applied Sciences Journal, 8(9), 1086–1092.
Katz, L.G. & Chard, S.C. (2000). Engaging children’s mind: The project approach. United Stated of America: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Katz, L.G., & Chard, S.C. & Kogan, Y. (2014). Engaging Children’ Minds: The Project Approach-Third Edition. United Stated of America: Praeger.
Katz, Lilian, G. (1994). The Project Approach. ERIC Digest. ERIC Development Team.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2014). Elemen Kbat Dalam Kurikulum. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2017). Kurikulum Standard Prasekolah Kebangsaan (Pendidikan Prasekolah). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2019). Laporan Kebangsaan TIMSS 2019 - Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kogan, Y. (2003). A Study of bones. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 5(1), 92- 126. https://ecrp.illinois.edu/v5n1/kogan.html
Krathwohl, D. R. (2002). A Revision of Blooms Taxonomy: An Overview. Revising Bloom Taxonomy. Theory into practice. 41 (4):212-218.
Martin, J. (2003). The Education of John Dewey.: A Biography, New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press
Masayu Dzainudin, Hamidah Yamat dan Faridah Yunus, (2018). Emerging Young Children’s Thinking through Social and Cognitive Development in the Project Approach. Creative Education, 09(14), 2137–2147. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2018.914155
Merriam, S. B. (2001). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook. (2nd Ed). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publication.
Miller, E. C., & Krajcik, J. S. (2019). Promoting deep learning through project-based learning: a design problem. Disciplinary and Interdisciplinary Science Education Research, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43031-019-0009-6
Mohd Fadzil Mohd Rosdi, Suhaida Abdul Kadir & Mohd Ibrahim Nazri (2018). Tahap Kemahiran dan Kecenderungan Pemikiran Kritis Murid Tingkatan Dua Dalam Mata Pelajaran Kemahiran Hidup Bersepadu (KHB) di Negeri Kedah dan Hubungannya. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 32, 45–60. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2017.32.4
Mohd Majid, K. (2009). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan (Keenam). Ampang: Dawana Sdn. Bhd.
Mohd Noah. (2002). Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan: Falsafah, Teori Dan Praktis. Serdang: Penerbit UPM.
Morse, J. (2006), “Strategies of intraproject sampling”, in Munhall, P.L. (Ed.), Nursing Research: A Qualitative Perspective, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, MA, pp. 529-540.
Nachiappan, S., Damahuri, A. A., Ganaprakasam, C., & Suffian, S. (2018). Application of Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots) in Teaching and Learning Process in Islamic Education. Advanced Science Letters, 24(7), 5326–5329. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.11727
Noor Ashikin Mohd Yusop, (2018). Kerangka alternatif dan penyiasatan kanak-kanak menerusi pendekatan projek. (Tesis Doktor Falsafah Tidak Diterbitkan). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Noor Miza Abdul Rahman, Anna Christina Abdullah & Aznan Che Ahmad. (2012). Aplikasi teknik bercerita dalam kalangan guru prasekolah. Dalam Prosiding International Conference IPCore USM-UPI (m.s. 35-40). P. Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia
Noor Miza Binti Abdul Rahman (2015). Pembinaan Modul Berasaskan Pendekatan Projek Untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Berkomunikasi Murid Tadika. (Tesis Doktor Falsafah Tidak Diterbitkan). Universiti Sains Malaysia
Nor Hasmaliza Hasan, & Zamri Mahamod. (2016). Persepsi guru Bahasa Melayu sekolah menengah terhadap Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu-JPBM, 6(2), 78–90. http://spaj.ukm.my/jpbm/index.php/jpbm/article/view/120/117
Noraini Idris (2010). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan (Edisi kedua). Malaysia: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.
Noraini Idris (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Malaysia: McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.
Noraini Idris. (2001). Pedagogi Dalam Pendidikan Matematik. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributor Sdn Bhd.
Nur Athirah Ariffin dan Faridah Yunus (2017). Kesediaan Guru Prasekolah Dalam Melaksanakan Kbat Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Nur Athirah Ariffin, & Faridah Yunus. (2017). Kesediaan Guru Prasekolah Dalam Melaksanakan Kbat Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran. Simposium Pendidikan DiPeribadikan: Perspektif Risalah An-Nur (SPRiN), 147–152. http://conference.ukm.my/sprin/index.php/sprin/sprin/paper/viewFile/56/21
Nur Hidayah Shazira Mohd Shukor, Noor Ashikin Mohd Yusop, Norazizah Abdul Rahman (2018). Pendekatan Projek, Projek Mulberi. Tanjung Malim Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Othman Lebar. (2014). Penyelidikan Kualitatif Pengenalan Kepada Teori dan Metode. Tanjung Malim Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Patton, M.Q. (1990). Doing Qualitative Research: A Practical Handbook. Tousand Oaks, United States: SAGE Publications Inc.
Pecore, J. L. (2015). From Kilpatrick’s project method to project-based learning. International Handbook Progressive Education, 155–171.
Rahman, S., Yasin, R. M., & Mohd Yassin, S. F. (2011). The implementation of projectbased approach at preschool education program. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 18, 476–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.070
Rajendran, N. S. (2001). The Teaching of Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Education, 2(1), 42-65
Robson, C. (2002). Real World Research, 2nd Ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
S. Kennedy, A., Horne, E., Dolan, K., Herrera, C., Malutan, N., & Noetzel, K. (2015). The Project Approach Meta-Project: Inquiry-Based Learning in Undergraduate Early Childhood Teacher Education. American Journal of Educational Research, 3(7), 907–917. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-3-7-15
Saidana, J. (2015). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers Method. Sage.
Saifer, S. (2018). Developing Higher Order Thinking in Young Learners. United States of America: Redleaf Press.
Sandra Suffian (2019). Analisis kesediaan guru terhadap integrasi kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran prasekolah. (Tesis Sarjana Tidak Diterbitkan). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Santín, M. F., & Torruella, M. F. (2017). Reggio emilia: An essential tool to develop critical thinking in early childhood. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 6(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2017.1.207
Sidek Mohd Noah. 2002. Reka bentuk penyelidikan: falsafah, teori dan praktis. Serdang: Penerbit UPM.
Stake, R. E. (2008). Qualitative case studies. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Strategies of qualitative inquiry (pp. 119-149). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Stake, R. E. (2010). Multiple Case Study analysis. New York: The Guilford Press.
Suppiah Nachiappan (2015). Panduan Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak. Tanjung Malim Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Syahidah Ghazali & Jamaludin Haji Badusah (2014). Peta pemikiran (i-think) pemangkin kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa melayu. Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 58(12), 7250–7257. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.03728-14
Syazana, S., & Zamri, M. (2018). Persepsi guru Bahasa Melayu Sekolah Rendah daerah Sri Aman terhadap kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 6(1), 63–78.
Teddlie, C. & Yu, F. (2007), “Mixed method sampling: a typology with examples”, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 77-100.
Vallance, R. J. (2004). Formation in research ethics: Developing a teaching approach for the social sciences. Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, 1–9
Velasquez, M. G., & C. Rostankowski 1985. Ethics: Theory and Practice. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Wong Li Jean & Yeo Kee Jiar. (2012). Critical Thinking Skills in early years. Semantics Scholar, 1(1), 1–13
Yin, R.K. (2015). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. New York: The Guilford Publication.
Yin, R.K. 2014. Case Study Research Design and Methods (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Yin. R.K., (2003), Case Study Research, 3rd edn, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publication.
Youngquist, J. (2004). From Medicine to Microbes: A Project Investigation of Health. YC Young Children, 59(2), 28–32. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42729808
Zimmerman, C. (2000). The Development of Scientific Reasoning Skills. Development Review, 20 (1), 99-149. doi:10.1006/drev.1999.0497
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |