UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan Model Kesediaan Mendaki Gunung
di Malaysia (MoKeMM) berasaskan tingkah laku kesediaan keselamatan. Penyelidikan
ini telah mengunakan pendekatan Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan (PRP)
modifikasi. Melalui pendekatan ini, tiga fasa utama iaitu Fasa Analisis Keperluan, Fasa
Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan dan Fasa Penilaian Kebolehgunaan telah dilaksanakan.
Bagi Fasa Analisis Keperluan, kaedah tinjauan terhadap (n=380) pendaki dan temubual
berstruktur terhadap (n=3) pakar telah ditadbirkan. Pada Fasa Reka Bentuk dan
Pembangunan pula, elemen telah dibentuk bermula dengan kajian literatur dan
kemudian elemen dibincangkan bersama (n=9) panel pakar menerusi kaedah Nominal
Group Technique (NGT) modifikasi. Seterusnya elemen-elemen ini dibangunkan untuk
menjadi sebuah model prototaip menerusi kaedah pembengkelan Interpretive
Structural Modelling (ISM) secara dalam talian. Manakala pada Fasa Penilaian
Kebolehgunaan, Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi (FDM) telah dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan
(n=38) pakar pelaksana bagi menilai kebolehgunaan model prototaip yang telah
dibangunkan. Hasil dapatan kajian pada Fasa Analisis Keperluan mendapati 57.9%
pendaki adalah kurang bersedia untuk mengikuti trip pendakian. Di samping itu,
keseluruhan pendaki menunjukkan kesepakatan bahawa sebuah model kesediaan
mendaki perlu dibangunkan berdasarkan nilai Interquartile-Range (IQR=0.1). Dapatan
ini diperkukuhkan dengan respon (n=3) pakar yang menyatakan terdapat senario
ketidaksediaan mendaki dalam kalangan pendaki tempatan dan sebuah model
kesediaan mendaki yang boleh dijadikan sebagai garis panduan tempatan perlu
dibangunkan secara saintifik. Bagi Fasa Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan pula, terdapat
38 elemen yang telah disenaraikan pada peringkat awalan di sub-fasa reka bentuk.
Seterusnya, 37 elemen kesediaan mendaki telah dikenalpasti dan dibangunkan pada
sub-fasa pembangunan. Akhirnya, terdapat empat dimensi yang telah dikelaskan
sebagai fasa model prototaip. Manakala pada Fasa Penilaian Kebolehgunaan,
konsensus pakar pelaksana terhadap kesesuaian kebolehgunaan model secara
keseluruhan telah dicapai dengan nilai ambang (d), peratus konsensus pakar dan nilai
skor fuzzy (A) yang diterima (d=0.141, 81.6%, A=0.889). Secara kesimpulannya, kajian
ini mengusulkan MoKeMM yang telah dibangunkan secara saintifik berdasarkan
kepada perbincangan dan konsensus pakar bagi meningkatkan tahap kesediaan,
kecekapan serta kebijaksanaan pendaki sebelum melaksanakan aktiviti pendakian
gunung di Malaysia. Implikasinya, bidang rekreasi berasaskan cabaran negara dapat
dimajukan dengan cadangan kajian-kajian lanjutan seperti pembangunan modul,
pembinaan manual dan prosedur operasi standard serta aplikasi mudah alih yang
spesifik untuk kegunaan pendaki berpandukan MoKeMM. |
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