UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Tesis ini adalah untuk menganalisis penglibatan dan perkembangan perniagaan
keluarga Koh di Pulau Pinang dengan Taiwan dari tahun 1786 hingga 1941. Pada
asalnya, perniagaan keluarga Koh adalah bermula di Pulau Pinang, tetapi sejajar
dengan perkembangan semasa generasi berikutnya telah mengembangkan perniagaan
mereka hingga ke Taiwan. Selain tidak banyak pengetahuan sejarah mengenai
perniagaan keluarga Koh yang dirungkai, timbul tanda tanya bagaimana ia berjaya
mengembangkan empayar perniagaannya dalam tempoh kajian tersebut. Penyelidikan
ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan memberi penekanan kajian secara analisis
dokumen. Sejumlah dokumen yang terdapat di India Office Records, The Archives of
Institute of Taiwan History, Arkib Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur dan Arkib Negara
Malaysia, Cawangan Pulau Pinang seperti Strait Settlement Record, dokumen
perniagaan keluarga Koo di Taiwan, laporan kerajaan, minit mesyuarat dan akhbar
adalah rujukan penting untuk kajian ini. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan keluarga Koh
telah melibatkan diri dalam pelbagai jenis perniagaan di Pulau Pinang hingga ke
Taiwan bermula tahun 1786 seiring dengan perubahan ekonomi semasa. Realitinya
perkembangan perniagaan keluarga Koh juga turut dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor.
Antaranya ialah kebijakan dan kepandaian dalam mengemblengkan aspek seperti
modal, peluang, pewarisan, jaringan perniagaan, hubungan dengan pemerintah dan
dasar kerajaan yang dijalankan sepanjang tempoh kajian. Dapatan kajian
membuktikan faktor hubungan dengan pemerintah menjadi faktor utama kepada
perkembangan perniagaan keluarga Koh. Implikasi kajian ini sangat penting dalam
membuka lembaran baharu khususnya membantu agensi kerajaan seperti Arkib
Negara Malaysia, Jabatan Muzium Malaysia, kerajaan negeri Pulau Pinang atau
institusi lain yang berkepentingan dalam mengkaji sejarah tokoh perniagaan dari
aspek strategi serta hubungan dengan pemerintah yang selama ini tertutup rapat
kerana kekurangan maklumat. |
References |
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No File: TMB_02_10_0474-Lampiran-76. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Petisyen Khoo Hsien Jung kepada Ketua Biro Jualan Monopoli Taiwan, Miyao Shunji pada 28 Mac 1910. ................ No File: TMB_02_01_026-Lampiran-177. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Petisyen rakyat Lugang kepada Sakuma Samata bertarikh 3 September 1907. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_089-Lampiran 13. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Rencana Utama Lugang Keluarga Koo. Pangkalan Data Taiwan Sotokufu. Taiwan Sotokufu Digital Archive. Report of the collector of customs and land revenues recommending that the China direct ships may be ordered to touch annually at POWI. Extract general letter to POWI. F/4/266 – 5871. Dated 28th April 1809. Senarai pekerja syarikat pengedar candu bawah Koo Hsien Jung pada tahun 1909. ................ No File: TMB_06_05_004-Lampiran-63. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. 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Surat arahan bahagian produktif No. 763 berkaitan permohonan pembelian tanah di Matsipo, Lugang, Zhanghua seluas 29, 097 meter persegi pada 11 November 1907 oleh Koo Hsien Jung. ............... No File: T0797_01_005_0385-Lampiran 73. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan berkaitan urusan garam No: 530 bertarikh 11 April 1920. .............. No File: TMB_02_09_1000-Lampiran 30. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan berkaitan urusan garam No: 530 bertarikh 11 April 1920. .............. No File: TMB_02_09_1000-Lampiran 32. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan bertarikh 8 Oktober 1925 berkaitan dengan pembaik pulih tanah garam yang musnah di Lugang dengan merujuk kepada surat urusan garam No: 3589. ............... No File: TMB_02_10_0667-Lampiran-24. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan kepada pengedar jualan candu bawah kerajaan Sotofuku Taiwan pada tahun 1909. ................ No File: TMB_06_05_004-Lampiran-21. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No. 647 berkaitan kelulusan permohonan pembelian tanah di Matsipo, Lugang, Zhanghua pada 16 April 1906 oleh Koo Hsien Jung. ............... No File: T0797_01_005_0385- Lampiran 67. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No: 1240 oleh Sakuma Samata. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_088-Lampiran 115. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No: 1300 oleh Sakuma Samata bertarikh 14 April 1908. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_089-Lampiran 122. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No: 1951 yang dikeluarkan oleh Kodama Gentaro pada 29 September 1904. ............... No File: T0797_01_005_0384-Lampiran-16. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No. 3303 berkaitan permohonan pembelian tanah di Matsipo, Lugang, Zhanghua pada 16 April 1906 oleh Koo Hsien Jung pada 16 April 1906. ............... No File: T0797_01_005_0385-Lampiran 63. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No. 3303 berkaitan permohonan pembelian tanah di Matsipo, Lugang, Zhanghua pada 16 April 1906 oleh Koo Hsien Jung pada 16 April 1906. ............... No File: T0797_01_005_0385-Lampiran 64. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No: 3869 berkaitan penggunaan tanah yang diluluskan oleh Sakuma Samata pada 5 Julai 1911. ................ No File: TMB_02_01_026-Lampiran-204. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No: 4098 oleh Sakuma Samata bertarikh 9 November 1908. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_089-Lampiran 139. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No: 12883 berkaitan penggunaan tanah kerajaan yang dikeluarkan oleh Gabenor Jeneral Taiwan, Takio Izawa pada 29 Jun 1925. ............... No File: TMB_02_10_0667-Lampiran-175. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan No: 18789 oleh Den Kenjiro bertarikh 18 Disember 1920, ............., No File: TMB_02_09_1000-Lampiran 48, The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan pemulangan tanah di Penghu dengan merujuk kepada surat pinjaman tanah No: 529 pada 1 April 1910. ................ No File: TMB_02_01_026-Lampiran-168. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat arahan penggunaan tanah kerajaan No: 2114 pada 4 April 1911. ................ No File: TMB_02_01_026-Lampiran-170. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat bayaran balik pinjaman wang untuk pembelian tanah kerajaan. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_088-Lampiran 70. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat daripada Ding Rui Bing kepada bapa mertuanya- Koo Hsien Jung pada 5 Mac 1932...7.3.5.......... No File: T0616D0506_01_0002-Lampiran 1 dan 2. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat daripada Koo Hsien Jung kepada Kodama Gentaro bertarikh 31 Mac 1906. ............... No File: T0797_01_005_0385-Lampiran-49. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat kelulusan kawasan pengedar jualan tembakau yang disahkan oleh para pengedar kepada Shunji Miyao, Ketua Bahagian Hak Pengedar Jualan kerajaan Sotofuku Taiwan. ................ No File: TMB_06_05_005-Lampiran-48. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat kelulusan permohonan tanah oleh Koo Hsien Jung di Changhua dengan merujuk kepada surat No: 1756 pada 19 Disember 1904. ............... No File: T0797_01_005_0384-Lampiran-15. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat kelulusan permohonan tanah untuk gudang garam bertarikh 20 Disember 1920. .............. No File: TMB_02_09_1000-Lampiran-56. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat kuasa jualan dalam akaun kerajaan Sotofuku Taiwan pada tahun 1924. ............... No File: TMB_02_09_1018-Lampiran-3. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat No. 222 yang dikeluarkan oleh Bahagian Pengeluaran Kerajaan Sotofuku Taiwan pada 24 Disember 1909. ................ No File: TMB_06_05_004-Lampiran-89. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat No: 379 mengenai pinjaman harta kerajaan. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_088-Lampiran 109. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat No. 595 berkaitan arahan reka bentuk kawasan pengedar jualan tembakau yang dikeluarkan oleh Bahagian Hak Pengedar Jualan Kerajaan Sotofuku Taiwan pada 20 April 1909. ................ No File: TMB_06_05_005-Lampiran-46. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat No. 2721 berkaitan harga jualan tembakau yang dikeluarkan oleh Bahagian Hak Pengedar Jualan Kerajaan Sotofuku Taiwan pada 3 September 1909. ................ No File: TMB_06_05_005-Lampiran-70. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat pembelian tembakau oleh Bahagian Uji Kaji Tanah Pertanian Taiwan pada 20 Januari 1917. .............. No File: TMB_06_05_108-Lampiran-15. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat pembelian tembakau oleh Ketua Bahagian Pertanian Taipei pada 12 Mac 1917. .............. No File: TMB_06_05_108-Lampiran-16. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat pemberian kuasa arahan No: 151 bagi kumpulan jualan garam rasmi kerajaan. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_024-Lampiran 26. The Archives of the Archives of the Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat penawaran dari Bahagian Pengedar Jualan Kerajaan Sotofuku kepada pengedar jualan tembakau untuk menjual 600, 000 Jin tembakau pada 24 Mac 1909. ................ No File: TMB_06_05_005-Lampiran-90. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat penyelarasan harga garam bertarikh 11 Oktober 1920 oleh Biro Jualan Garam Kerajaan. .............. No File: TMB_02_09_1000-Lampiran-202. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat penyelarasan kepada cawangan garam Lugang bagi pembinaan rumah garam. ................ No File: TMB_02_02_024-Lampiran 35. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat perlantikan pengedar jualan candu kerajaan Sotofuku Taiwan pada tahun 1909. ..............., No File: TMB_06_05_004-Lampiran-4. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan Koo Hsien Jung membeli tanah. .......... Fail: Keluarga Koo Lugang. Surat bertarikh 16 Januari 1917. Lampiran 4. The Archives of the Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan Koo Hsien Jung membeli tanah. .......... Fail: Keluarga Koo Lugang. Surat Perintah bertarikh 1 November 1917. Lampiran 6. Syarat Ke-2. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan Koo Hsien Jung membeli tanah. .......... Fail: Keluarga Koo Lugang. Surat Perintah bertarikh 1 November 1917. Lampiran 6. Syarat Ke-5. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan Koo Hsien Jung membeli tanah. .......... Fail: Keluarga Koo Lugang. Surat bertarikh 1 November 1917. Perintah No: 19513, Lampiran 5. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan Koo Hsien Jung membeli tanah. .......... No Rujukan: 2942. Dokumen 5. No Surat: 674. The Archives of the Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan Koo Hsien Jung membeli tanah. .......... No Rujukan: 9316. Lampiran 2. The Archives of the Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan melambatkan bayaran wang ganti rugi oleh Koo Hsien Jung dengan merujuk kepada Dokumen Pengurusan Am No: 134 pada 18 Oktober 1937. ................. No File: TMB_02_10_0474-Lampiran-96. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan melanjutkan tempoh penggunaan tanah di kawasan Xinying, Fanzi Tian dan Jalan Kaohsiung oleh Koo Hsien Jung pada 1 April 1925. ............... No File: TMB_02_10_0667-Lampiran-163. The Archives of Institute of Taiwan History. Surat permohonan tanah untuk gudang garam bertarikh 30 September 1920. .............. No File: TMB_02_09_1000-Lampiran-55. 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