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Type :thesis
Subject :GV Recreation Leisure
Main Author :Mohd Shariman Shafie
Title :The development and validation of adventure based mental toughness inventory (AbMTI) for adventure based program in Malaysia
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan
Year of Publication :2022
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Since the turn of the 21st century, recent research has demonstrated that adventurebased programs are linked to positive psychological outcomes, including mental toughness. However, there are very limited studies conducted on how to design a specific instrument and model of the adventure-based mental toughness program. There are three primary objectives of study as follows: 1) determine whether there is a significant need to develop an Adventure-based Mental Toughness Inventory (AbMTI); 2) to validate the consensus on the development of AbMTI; and 3) to validate the AbMTI and Adventure-based Mental Toughness Model (AbMTM). The study is based on the modified Development and Design Research (DDR). There were total of 507 participants in the study who participated in an adventure-based programs. The statistical tools IBM Statistics (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) were used as the primary statistical tools in this study. The findings of the study significantly validated the development of AbMTI and AbMTM. The study provides a foundation on which to build coherent and systematic scholarly work to linked adventure-based program and mental toughness. The study findings, methodology, the conceptual model, and the set of discussion can guide subsequent research.

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