UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :DS Asia
Main Author :Siti Fatimah Nur Ali
Title :Kurikulum pendidikan sekolah Melayu era kolonial British, 1900-1957
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains Kemanusiaan
Year of Publication :2022
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Kurikulum pendidikan sekolah-sekolah Melayu telah diperkembangkan menurut acuan dan pelaksanaan dasar oleh kolonial British. Sehingga Perang Dunia Kedua, kurikulum pendidikan sekolah Melayu hanya menekankan 3M iaitu membaca, menulis dan mengira serta menghapuskan masalah buta huruf dalam kalangan masyarakat Melayu. Oleh itu, kajian ini menganalisis kurikulum pendidikan sekolah Melayu pada era kolonial British bermula pada tahun 1900 hingga 1957. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif menerusi instrumen analisis dokumen dan manuskrip yang diperolehi dari Arkib Negara Malaysia seperti Colonial Office Record, Education Annual Report, Federated Malay State File, State Secretary File dan dokumen sukatan pelajaran kolonial British. Sumber-sumber sekunder yang diperolehi dari universiti awam seperti Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Universiti Malaya dan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia juga turut digunakan sebagai sumber sokongan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kurikulum pendidikan sekolah Melayu lebih menekankan kepada kurikulum berasaskan pertanian, pertukangan, kraftangan dan penjagaan kesihatan. Dapatan kajian juga membuktikan bahawa terdapat kurikulum yang diajar khusus kepada murid-murid perempuan di sekolah Melayu yang berasaskan sains rumah tangga seperti jahitan dan masakan. Secara kesimpulannya, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kurikulum pendidikan sekolah Melayu mempunyai nilai-nilai penting dalam membina perkembangan pemikiran anak-anak Melayu. Implikasi kajian ini dapat dijadikan panduan dan rujukan kepada pihak berkuasa dan masyarakat dalam memahami potensi perkembangan dan memajukan pendidikan negara.

References

Dokumen Rasmi dan Laporan Tahunan 

A(N)/SUK (D.000000)12.001, Report On The State Of Kelantan, For year August, 1903, to August, 1904. Bangkok, 1904. 

Annual Report of Federated Malay States for the year 1920 by W. George Maxwell. 

Annual Report on Education for 1956, Federation of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur: The Khee Meng Press 

Annual Report on Education for 1957, Federation of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur: Eartern Press Limited.  

Annual Report on Education in The Federated Malay States For The Year 1918 By H. W. Firmstone (The Director Of Education), 1918, Supplement To The F.MS. Government Gazette. 

Annual Report on Education in The Malayan Union for 1947 by H. R. Cheeseman (Director of Education, Malayan Union), Kuala Lumpur: The Government Press by H. T. Ross. 

Annual Report on Education in The Straits Settlements and The Federated Malay States for The Year 1938 By W. Linehan (Director of Education, S.S & Adviser On Education, Malay States), 1938, Singapore: The Government Printing Office. 

Annual Reports on Education in the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States for the year 1937 by A. Keir (Acting Director of Education, Straits Settlements and Acting Adviser on Education, Malay States), Singapore: Government Printing Office by W. T. Cherry. 

Barnes Report, Report of The Committee on Malay Education, Federation Of Malaya 1951, Kuala Lumpur: Government Press by G.A. Smith. 

CO. 273/57, Training College for Malay Vernakular Teachers.  

D. OF E. (FM) NO. 629/1948, Syllabus for Std. VII & VIII Malay Schools, 1948.  

D. OF E. (MP) NO. 191/1948, Handwriting in Malay Schools, 1948. 

D. of E. 1945/46, Conference of Assistant Inspectors Malay Schools 23rd January 1947.  

E. O. M. 70/1946, Pupil Teachers’ Classes 1946 & 1947. 

E. O. M. NO. 2/1952, Conferences held between the Senior Inspector of Schools and with the Malay Teacher’s Association, 1952. 

E. O. M. NO. 3884/1952, Sukatan Pelajaran Sekolah-sekolah Melayu Melaka dalam Malay School Time-Tables & Syllabus, 1950. 

E.O.K. 139/50 in S.C. 2024/501351, Estimates – Wells for Schools. 

E.O.K. 61/1941, Annual Examinations of the Malay Vernacular Schools, Stds. I, II & III for 1941.  

E.O.M. NO 269/1949, Vernacular School Gardens 1949. 

E.O.M.NO. 145/1949, Malay Schools, Malacca. Tenders for Making Furniture, 1949. 

E.O.M.No. 255/1950, Repaire of Malay School Furniture, 1950.  

E.O.M.NO. 286/1949, Admission of Malay School Pupils into English School. Special Malay Classes for 1950, 1949. 

E.O.M.NO:24/1949, Malay Schools Football Competition in 1949. 

Ed. N.S 94/56 No. (1), A Syllabus of Physical Education for Schools By The Department Of Education Federation Of Malaya. 

Ed. N.S.177/55, EDUCATION N.S. No. 177/55, Exhibitions of Malay Schools Works (Boys & Girls), 1955, No. (10). 

ED.CH. (KN)NO.38/51, Time Table & Syllabus Middle Schools. 

EDN (MISC) 37/1953, Malay School Libraries. 

EDUC.PHG. 180/1952, Furniture for Malay Schools 1952. 

EDUC.PHG. 86/195, Entrance Examination Syllabus Sultan Idris Training College, Tanjong Malim, Perak, 1951. 

EDUCATION 31-1924, Free Education at English Schools for Certain Malay Boys Who Have Passed Through the Vernacular School, 1924. 

Education Administration Educational Policy, 1944, General Dept/16/3. 

EDUCATION N.S. NO. 94/56, Physical Education & Games Course for Malay Teachers, Negeri Sembilan. 

FEDERAL SECRETARIAT 13953/1949, No. (7) in UMTA/Pr. 14/49, Representation Regarding the Education Policy in the Federation of Malaya. 

Long-term Policy Directives, Educational Policy, Revised 5/5/1944, M 105/2/12, GENERAL Dept/16/3. 

Malay School Libraries. Special Provision for: - Perbelanjaan Special Habuan Khazanah buku-buku sekolah Melayu, 1930, 43 in Ed. 226/48. 

Malay Vernacular Scholarship Submits Names of 10 Malay Boys Who Have Been Selected as Scholars at the Victoria Institution, 1897, Inspector Of Schools 360/97. 

N.S. SECRETARIAT NO. 768/1948, Number of boys who have passed the School Cerfiticate Examination since 1935, 1948.  

N.S.SEC.GENERAL 415/1931, Amended Rules for the award of scholarship to Malay Boys at English Schools in Perak, Selangor & Pahang. 

PAHANG ED: 1758/1940, Scholarship – 1941 and Free Places – 1941, 1941.  

Penyata Jawatan-Kuasa Pelajaran 1956, Kuala Lumpur: Caxton Press.  

PK SECRETARIAT. 569/1947, Sultan Idris Training College, Tanjong Malim- Annual Report For 1946.  

PK. SERETARIAT, 569/1947, Annual Report For 1946. 

Precis of 1939 S.S & F.M.S, Education Report, Singapore: The Government Printing Office by W. T. Cherry. 

Precis of 1940 S.S & F.M.S, Education Report, Singapore: The Government Printing Office by W. T. Cherry.  

RCP MU 126347, Particulars of Schools Which Ofer Special Facilities for The Children of Colonial Civil Servants, bertarikh 18 September 1947.  

Regulation For Malay Vernacular Edition in The Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States (Second and Revised Edition), 1936, Singapore: The Government Printing Office by V. C. G. Gatrell. 

Regulation for The Malay Vernacular Schools in the Straits Settlement and Federated Malay State and for The Sultan Idris Training College, 1927, Singapore: The Government Printing Office by W.T.Cherry, Education Code V 1332/27.  

Report of the Commission appointed by the Secretary State for the Colonies June 1939, London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office. 

Report on Chinese Education 1951, Chinese Schools and the Education of Chinese Malayans, The Report of a Mission invited by the Federation Government to study the problem of the Education of Chinese in Malaya, Kuala Lumpur: The Government Press by H. T. Ross. 

Report on Education for the year 1904. 

Report on The Barnes Report on Malay Education and The Fenn-Wu Report on Chinese Education, 1951, Federation of Malaya, Central Advisory Committee on Education. 

SECRETARIAT 6027/1916 SELANGOR, Report by R.O. Windstedt on Vernacular and Industrial Education in the Philipines and Java and Recommendations for the Federated Malay States. 

SEL. EDN NO. 78/1953, Classes in English for Malay Teacher in Kuala Selangor. 

SEL. SEC. 1069/1926, Nomination of Sulaiman Bin Haji Nasri for the Moullin Scholarship, 1926. 

Sel. Sec. General. 65/1937, Education Code, Part VII (S.S& F.M.S), (C.S.O. 5392/36; F.S. 2519/36; D. of E. 422/32), General Regulations for Indian Vernacular Schools in the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States (Second and Revised Edition), 1936. 

SEL. SECT. 1554/1922, Malaya Borneo Exhibition, Award of Medal for Exhibits For Selangor, 1922. 

SEL: SEC: C. 2504/32, Educational Policy 1932, Federated Malay States, Federal Council Paper No.  34 of 1932. 

SEL: SEC: G 2151/1930, Formation of a class at Ipoh for training in teaching Domestic Science subjects to students who passed or are in Standard V in the Malay Girl’s School and proposal to appoint passed students as women teachers in Malay Schools, 1930.  

Sending of Vernacular School Student-Teachers for training to the Sultan Idris Training College, Tanjong Malim in 1935. Perkara hendak hantar guru-guru pelatih Sekolah Melayu pergi belajar di Sultan Idris Training College Tanjong Malim di dalam tahun 1935 [Versi Melayu-Jawi], Departmental Papers 1564-1353. 

Straits Settlement and the Federated Malay States, Annual Report on Education for the year 1938 by W. Linehan as Director of Education, S.S & Adviser on Education, Malay States. 

The National School of Malaya: Its Problem, Proposed Curriculum and Activities by Aminuddin Baki, April 1953. 

The Printing of Certificates for the New of the Malay Vernacular in the State,1894, Education 1803/94. 

 

 Buku 

 

A.V. Kelly. (1999). The Curriculum Theory and Practice, London: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd. 

Adam, R. (1991). Maktab Melayu Melaka 1900-1922, Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Anderson, L. W., Krathwolh, D. R., Airasian, P. W., Cruikshank, K. A., Mayer, R. E., Pintrich P. R., Raths J. and Wittrock M. C. (2001). A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing a Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, United States: Addison Wesley Longman Michael Agnes, 1999, Webster’s New World College Dictionary (Fourth Edition), USA: MACMILLAN. 

Aristotle. (2012). Aristotle Politics: Translated by Joe Sach. Indiana: R. Pullins Company. 

Arthur L. C. (1985). Developing Minds: A Resource Book For Teaching Thinking (Revised Edition, Volume 1). Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. 

Bakar, A. Z. A. (1980). Perkembangan Pendidikan di Semenanjung Malaysia: Zaman Sebelum Merdeka hingga ke Zaman Sesudah Merdeka. Kuala Lumpur: Fajar Bakti Sdn.Bhd. 

Bala, B. (2000). Penyelidikan dan Penulisan Sejarah, Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 

Beyer, B. K. (1987). Practical Strategies For The Teaching of Thinking. United States of America: Library of Congress Cataloging in publication data. 

Bloom, B. S. (1992). Taksonomi Objektif Pendidikan, Buku Pedoman 1: Domain Kognitif. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Butt, P. dan Bucks R. (2017). BNVR: The Butt Non-Verbal Reasoning Test: The Butt Non-Verbal Reasoning Test, USA: Routledge. 

Cheeseman, H.R. (1948). Education in Malaya 1946, dalam “Oversea Education” 1930 to 1942 and 1946, Kuala Lumpur: The Government Press by Holland. 

Chelliah, D.D. (1947). A History of The Educational Policy Of The Straits Settlements With Recommendations for a New System Based on Vernacular, Kuala Lumpur: The Government Press. 

Cowan, S. (1993). Left-Handed Sewing, New York: Dover Publications 

Dewey, J. (1902). The Child and The Curriculum, Egypt: The Library of Alexandria. 

Dewey, J. (1910), How We Think, U.S.A: D.C. HEATH & CO., Publisher. 

Dewey, J. (1916) Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education (Dover Edition, first published in 2004), New York:  The Macmillan Company. 

Dewey, J. (2013). The Source Of A Science of Education, England: Pomona Press. 

Duffy, E., Mottershead, L. dan Murty, G. (2003) Connections Maths 8, Singapore: Penelope Naidoo. 

Dussek, O.T. (1926). Kitab Hisab II (Cetakan Kedua), Singapura: The Education Department, S.S. & F.M.S. 

Hui, L. T. (2011). Chinese Schools in Peninsular Malaysia: The Strunggle for Survival, Singapura: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 

Husiin, H. (2009). Guru-Guru Melayu: Peranan dan Perjuangan Pada Zaman Penjajahan, Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Hussin, S. (2004). Pendidikan di Malaysia:Sejarah, Sistem dan Falsafah (Edisi Kedua). Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Jadi, H. M. (1990). Etnik, Politik dan Pendidikan, Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

James Hiebert, 2013, Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge: The Case of Mathematics, United Kingdom: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. 

Jankowicz, S. and Jankowicz, K. (2007). Say It With Stitches. Minnesota: Creative Publishing International. 

Julong Bachaan Kitab Bachaan Bagi Kanak-kanak Darjah Satu di Sekolah-sekolah Melayu, (1941). The Malay School Series No. 2 Department of Education, Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya. 

Kim, K. K. (1980). Pendidikan Di Malaysia Dahulu dan Sekarang, Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia. 

Kitab Tawarikh Melayu, Cetakan Keempat. (1925). The Malay School Series, Singapore: The Education Department, S.S & F.M.S.  

Lebar, O. (2006). Penyelidikan Kualitatif Pengenalan Kepada Teori dan Method. Tanjung Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. 

Marsh, C. J. (1997). Perspectives: Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum 1 (A fully Revised and Extended Edition), London: The Falmer Press. 

Mayer, R. E. (1983). Thinking, Problem Solving, Cognition, United States of America: W.H. Freeman and Company. 

Meng, E. A. (1994). Perkembangan dan Pelaksanaan Kurikulum, Kuala Lumpur: Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd. 

Mohamed N. dan Harahap D. (2013). Mutiara Budi. Selangor Darul Ehsan: PTS AKADEMIA. 

Moleong, L. J. (1989). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: PT Remaja  Rosdakarya. 

Nor, S. H. dan Dahalan, M. (1998). Kemahiran Berfikir Secara Kritis dan Kreatif (KBKK), Selangor: Longman Malaysia. 

Panduan ‘Akal Bachaan Rumi Darjah III. (1947). The Malay School Series No. 39 Published For The Department Of Education, Kuala Lumpur: The Malayan Union Government Press By H.T. Ross. 

Phang, P. C. M. (1973). Educational Development in a Plural Society a Malaysian Case Study, Singapore: Academia Publications. 

Philip, J. A. (1997). Pengajaran Kemahiran Berfikir: Teori dan Amalan, Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors. 

Pimm D. (2002). Symbols and Meanings in School Mathematics, United Kingdom: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. 

Rashid, A. R. A. (1999). Kemahiran Berfikir Merentasi Kurikulum Pendekatan Pedagogi dan Wawasan Pendidikan Bestari, Shah Alam: Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd. 

Richardson, C. dan Charton, J.R. (1949). ‘Ilmu ‘Alam Rendah Tanah Melayu: Cetakan Kedua. Singapura: Malayan Publishing House. 

Saad, I. (1986). Pendidikan dan Politik di Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Salleh, A. H. (1974). Pelajaran dan Perguruan Melayu di Malaya Zaman British. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Salleh, A. H. (1985). Pendidikan dalam Pemikiran Awang Had Salleh, Selangor: Fajar Bakti. 

Seng, P. L. F. (1975). Seeds of Separatism Educational Policy in Malaya 1874-1940, Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. 

Sidin R. (1998).  Pemikiran dalam Pendidikan.  Selangor:Fajar Bakti Sdn.Bhd. 

Solomon, J.S. (1989). Perkembangan Pendidikan Dwibahasa Untuk Perpaduan National Di Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur:IBS Buku Sdn. Bhd. 

Stevenson, R. (1975). Cultivators and Administrator British Educational Policy towards Malay 1875-1906, British: Oxford University Press. 

Sua, T. Y. (2007). Pendidikan Dwibahasa Transisi Etnik Cina Semenanjung Malaysia. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia. 

Talib, A. A. A. (2000).  Pedagogi Bahasa Melayu: Prinsip, Kaedah dan Teknik, the University of Michigan: Utusan Publications & Distributors. 

Tanner, D. dan Tanner L. (2007). Curriculum Development Theory into Practice, New Jersey: Pearson Education. 

The Malay School Series, No.17- Kitab Benih Akal, Darjah 1, 1883, No. Penerimaan: 2007/0054313, Kuala Lumpur:Arkib Negara Malaysia. 

Whitfield, L. D. (1941). Kitab Hisab Baharu Penggal IV, Singapura: The Department of Education, S.S. & F.M.S. 

Whitfield, L. D. (1941). The Malay School Series, No. 50-Kitab Hisab Baharu Penggal I, No. Penerimaan: 2007/0054256, Kuala Lumpur: Arkib Negara Malaysia. 

Winstedt, R. O. (1962). Malaya and Its History, London: Hutchinson’s University Library. 

Winstedt, R.O. (1925). Kitab Tawarikh Melayu, Singapura: The Education Department. 

 

Jurnal/Kertas Kerja 

 

Barrow, R. (2012). Plato and Education Volume 133, London: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. 

Casas, F. R. (1984) Polar Perspective: A Graphical System for Creating Two-Dimensional Images Representinga World of Four Dimensions, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JMBRAS), Leonardo, Vol. 17, No. 3 (1984). 

Emerson, F. V. (1914).  A Colluvial Soil and Its People, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JMBRAS), Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 46, No. 9 (1914). 

Ismail, A. H. (1994). Winstedt dan Pendidikan Orang Melayu, Asia Pasific Journal of Educators and Education, Vol.13, Universiti Sains Malaysia. 

Phelps, J. and Stempel, L. (1987). Handwriting: Evolution and Evaluation, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JMBRAS), Annals of Dyslexia, Vol. 37 (1987). 

Rauschenbach, B. V. (1985). Perspective Pictures and Visual Perception. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JMBRAS), Leonardo, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1985). 

Ré, P. (1981). On My Drawings and Paintings: An Extension of the System of Their Classification, Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JMBRAS), Vol. 14, No. 2 (Spring, 1981). 

Rees, J. E. R. (1881). Art Needlework, The Art Amateur, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Dec., 1881), Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JMBRAS) 

Rus, A. K. A. M. (2009). “Perlembagaan Malayan Union dan Perlembagaan 1948: Suatu Analisis dalam Kumpulan Kertas Kerja Seminar 60 Tahun Penubuhan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Kuala Lumpur: Arkib Negara Malaysia 

Solomon, H. dan Kosaka H. (2013). Xenophobia in South Africa: Reflection, Narratives and Recommendations, Southern African Peace and Security Studies Articles Volume 2, Nombor 2. 

 

Tesis 

 

David James Radcliffe, 1970, Education And Cultural Change Among The Malays 1900-1940, Tesis Doktor Falsafah, University of Wisconsin, USA. 

Khairi bin Ariffin, 2009, Dasar Kolonial British Terhadap Pendidikan Melayu di Tanah Melayu 1900-1957, Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah, Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya. 

Khairi Ariffin, 2000, Kemahiran Berfikir Secara Kritis Dalam Pengajaran Sejarah: Perspektif Murid Tingkatan Empat di Teluk Intan, Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Pendidikan, Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya. 

Ramli Saadon, 2009, Dasar Kolonial British di Negeri Selangor 1875-1957, Tesis Doktor Falsafah, Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya. 

 

Majalah/Surat Khabar 

 

Harian Metro Online, Rabu, 18 Mac 2015, Aritmetik mental oleh Yusliza Yakimir Abd Talib. 

Majalah Guru, Bilangan 5 dan 6, Mei 1939-Jun 1940 [Versi Melayu-Jawi], Penang: The Penang & Straits Press. 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.