UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
This research aimed to prepare, characterise and apply four iron oxide-chitosan
nanocomposites, namely ferrihydrite-chitosan (FC), goethite-chitosan (GC), hematitechitosan
(HM) and magnetite-chitosan (MC) as flocculants for the pre-treatment of palm
oil mill effluent (POME). The nanocomposites were prepared through a co-precipitation
method at three (w/w) ratios of iron oxide to chitosan. The physicochemical properties of
nanocomposites were characterised by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM),
X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer,
vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) before
and after flocculation experiments to prove the effectiveness of the nanocomposites. The
effects of flocculant dosage, solution pH and settling time on flocculation for the removal
of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and
grease (O&G) and nutrients (K, Fe, Mn and Cu) were investigated by jar test method.
Research findings found that the MC nanocomposite with a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) showed the
highest percentage of contaminant reduction. The optimal conditions for the reduction of
all contaminants were achieved at a flocculant dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH of 5.0 and a settling
time of 60 minutes. Under this condition, the reduction of TSS, turbidity, COD and O&G
was 86.79%, 82.61%, 74.28% and 62.64%, respectively. After three cycles of
flocculation/deflocculation process, MC nanocomposite retained flocculation efficiency
and flocculants recovery in the range of 66.7-85.7% and 83-91%, respectively.
Combination of charge neutralisation and polymer bridging was the main mechanism of
interaction between nanocomposite and POME contaminants. In conclusion, the iron
oxide incorporated chitosan has increased the properties and flocculation performance of
the nanocomposite as compared to conventional flocculants. In implication, iron oxidechitosan
nanocomposites potentially act as alternative flocculants for pre-treatment of
POME due to having simplicity, recyclability and environmental friendly properties. |
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