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Type :thesis
Subject :QD Chemistry
Main Author :Juliana Jumadi
Title :Preparation, characterisation and application of iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites as flocculants for palm oil mill effluent
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Year of Publication :2022
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
This research aimed to prepare, characterise and apply four iron oxide-chitosan nanocomposites, namely ferrihydrite-chitosan (FC), goethite-chitosan (GC), hematitechitosan (HM) and magnetite-chitosan (MC) as flocculants for the pre-treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The nanocomposites were prepared through a co-precipitation method at three (w/w) ratios of iron oxide to chitosan. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposites were characterised by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) before and after flocculation experiments to prove the effectiveness of the nanocomposites. The effects of flocculant dosage, solution pH and settling time on flocculation for the removal of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease (O&G) and nutrients (K, Fe, Mn and Cu) were investigated by jar test method. Research findings found that the MC nanocomposite with a ratio of 1:1 (w/w) showed the highest percentage of contaminant reduction. The optimal conditions for the reduction of all contaminants were achieved at a flocculant dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH of 5.0 and a settling time of 60 minutes. Under this condition, the reduction of TSS, turbidity, COD and O&G was 86.79%, 82.61%, 74.28% and 62.64%, respectively. After three cycles of flocculation/deflocculation process, MC nanocomposite retained flocculation efficiency and flocculants recovery in the range of 66.7-85.7% and 83-91%, respectively. Combination of charge neutralisation and polymer bridging was the main mechanism of interaction between nanocomposite and POME contaminants. In conclusion, the iron oxide incorporated chitosan has increased the properties and flocculation performance of the nanocomposite as compared to conventional flocculants. In implication, iron oxidechitosan nanocomposites potentially act as alternative flocculants for pre-treatment of POME due to having simplicity, recyclability and environmental friendly properties.

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