Abd Hamid, S. R., Ismail, K., Saad, S., Ibrahim, M. B., & Mansur, N. (2015). Are the Malaysian adolescents’ behavior at-stake? Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2S5), 328–346. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n2s5p328 

Abd Rahman Shah, H., Abdul Shukor, S., Mohamad Ali, N., Abdul Ghafar, A., Mohammad Ahmad, N., Yusof, N., & Atira Musa, N. (2018). Child Delinquency on the Internet. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.30), 320. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18270 

Abdul Aziz, M., Wan Ismail, W., Bahar, N., Mahadevan, R., & Azhar Shah, S. (2018). Internet Addiction among Secondary School Students in Klang Valley, Malaysia: What is the Association with Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms, and Self-Esteem? The International Medical Journal of Malaysia, 17(2), 17–26. Retrieved from http://iiumedic.net/imjm/v1/download/volume_17_no_2/original/Vol17No2-017- 026.pdf 

Abdullah, M. A., Salim, S. S. S., & Arip, M. A. S. M. (2018). Factors that Influenced the Problem of Truancy among Secondary School Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(3), 343–353. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i3/3934 

Andrew, E., & Ph, E. (2013). Uses And Gratification Theory And The Optimization  Of The Media In The Privatization Of State Owned Enterprises In Nigeria. 4(16), 202–213. 

Anis, S., & Sofian, B. (2018). Factors Impacting The Success of Malaysian Internet Enterpreneurs. Human Sustainability Procedia (INSAN 2018 E-Proceeding), (November), 7–8. 

Asokan, D. A. G. (2019). Internet Addiction among Medical Students and Its Impact on Academic Performance: An Indian Study. Journal of Medical Science And Clinical Research, 7(3), 670–676. https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i3.122 

Awaluddin, S. M. B., Ying Ying, C., Yoep, N., Paiwai, F., Lodz, N. A., Muhammad, E. N., … Nik Abd Rashid, N. R. (2019). The Association of Internet Addiction and Perceived Parental Protective Factors Among Malaysian Adolescents. Asia- Pacific Journal of Public Health, 31(8_suppl), 57S-64S. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539519872642 

Babineau, K. (2017). How Can We Measure School Performance? (October), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29676.41605 

Badarudin, U. W., Din, W. I. S. W., Prasetyo, Y. A., Musa, Z., & Kasim, S. (2018). Internet of Things: An implementation and its challenges in Malaysia. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8(6), 2641–2647. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.8.6.5043 

Bahru, J., Hashim, S., & Ibrahim, M. A. (2009). Discipline Problems among Secondary School Students in. 11(4), 659–675. 

Beard, K. W. (2011). Working with adolescents addicted to the Internet. In Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. 

Betti, E. (1983). Viscious or Victorious. 

Bleakley, A., Ellithorpe, M., & Romer, D. (2016). The role of parents in problematic internet use among us adolescents. Media and Communication, 4(3), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i3.523 

Block, J. J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(3), 306–307. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101556 

Burgess, R., & Murcott, A. (2014). Developments in sociology. Developments in Sociology, 1–334. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315838120 

Carlisle, K. L., Carlisle, R. M., Polychronopoulos, G. B., Goodman-Scott, E., & Kirk- Jenkins, A. (2016). Exploring Internet Addiction as a Process Addiction. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 38(2), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.38.2.07 

Cerruti, Valentina Spensieri, Fabio Presaghi, Carmela Valastro, Andrea Fontana, Vincenzo Guidetti. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14(6), 374–383. 

Cerutti, R., Spensieri, V., Presaghi, F., Valastro, C., Fontana, A., Guidetti, V., & Cerutti, R. (2017). AN EXPLORATORY STUDY ON INTERNET ADDICTION, SOMATIC SYMPTOMS AND EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL FUNCTIONING IN SCHOOL-AGED ADOLESCENTS Rita 

Cheng, N. P., & Kadir, S. A. (2018). Relationship between Work Environment and Organizational Commitment among Private School Teachers in Klang Valley. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(7), 781–793. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i7/4419 

Chin Hooi, P. S. (2011). Influence of parents and peers on Internet usage and addiction amongst school-going youths in Malaysia. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, (January), 238-n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/863480588?accountid=14553%5Cnhttp://op enurl.library.uiuc.edu/sfxlcl3?url_ver=Z39.88- 2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=dissertations+&+th eses&sid=ProQ:ProQuest+Dissertations+&+Theses+Full+Text&atitl 

Ching, S. M., Awang, H., Ramachandran, V., Lim, S. M. S., Sulaiman, W. A. W., Foo, Y. L., … Hoo, F. (2017). Prevalence and factors associated with internet addiction among medical students - A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 72(1), 7–11. 

Christiansen, T., Ph, D., Robey, P. A., & Ed, D. (2015). International Journal of Choice Theory and Reality Therapy • Fall 2015 • Vol . XXX V , number 1 • 7 International Journal of Choice Theory and Reality Therapy • Fall 2015 • Vol . XXX V , number 1 • 8. XXX(1), 7–14. 

Dina, F., & Sumari, M. (2013). The use of social media technologies among Malaysian youth. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 1204–1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.448 

Eijnden, R. J. J. M. Van Den, & Spijkerman, R. (2010). Compulsive Internet Use Among Adolescents : Bidirectional Parent – Child Relationships (pp. 77–89). pp. 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9347-8 

Feng, Y., Ma, Y., & Zhong, Q. (2019). The Relationship Between Adolescents’ Stress and Internet Addiction: A Mediated-Moderation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(October), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02248 Final Draft - English 3. (n.d.). 

Forster, M. N. (1996). Hermeneutics. Cognition, (1860). 

Fristedt, P. (2010). Philosophical Hermeneutics and the Relativity of Truth and Meaning. International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 18(4), 473–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2010.503348 

Gencer, S. L., & Koc, M. (2016). International Forum of Educational Technology & Society Internet Abuse among Teenagers and Its Relations to Internet Usage Patterns and Demographics Published by : International Forum of Educational Technology & Society Internet Abuse among Teenagers and . 15(2). 

Ghulami, H. R., Rashid, M., Hamid, A., Ibrahim, M. R., Hikmat, A., & Aziz, H. (2018). Relationship between Internet addictions and academic performance among Afghan universities students. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 1(4), 63–72. Retrieved from www.ijirss.com 

Guertler, D., Broda, A., Bischof, A., Kastirke, N., Meerkerk, G.-J., John, U., … Rumpf, H.-J. (2014). Factor Structure of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0076 

Head, R., & Addictionloneliness, S. (2015). Running Head: SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND LONELINESS. (January). 

Hiess, S. S. (2012). Study on the Causes of Misbehavior among South-East Asian Children. 2(4), 162–175. 

Hoy, D. C. (1993). Heidegger and the Hermeneutic Turn. The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger, 170–194. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CCOL0521821363 

Ingersoll, R. M., Sirinides, P., & Dougherty, P. (2018). Leadership Matters Teachers’ Roles in School Decision Making and School Performance. American Educator, Spring, 13–17. Retrieved from http://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_workingpapers/15.%0Ahttps://eric.ed.gov/?id= EJ1173452%0Ahttp://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_workingpapers/15. 

Internet, K. P. (2013). Internet Users Survey 2013. 

Ishak, Z., & Fin, L. S. (2015). Factors Contributing to Truancy among Students : A Correlation between Predictors. 9(1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJESBS/2015/17313 

Janetius, S. T., Varma, P., & Shilpa, S. (2019). Projective tests in human resource management and hiring process: a challenge and a boon. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 7(4om), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.25215/0704.027 

Journal, A., & Science, S. (2017). Conceptualising the Network Society in Malaysia Author ( s ): Geraldine Chan and Mohamad Zaki Ibrahim Published by : Brill 

Judi, H. M., Ashaari, N. S., Zin, N. A. M., & Yusof, Z. M. (2013). Framework of ICT Impact on Adolescent. Procedia Technology, 11, 1034–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.291 

Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(1), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-360109 

Kapahi, A., Ling, C. S., Ramadass, S., & Abdullah, N. (2013). Internet Addiction in Malaysia Causes and Effects. IBusiness, 05(02), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.4236/ib.2013.52009 

Kim, J., Hong, H., Lee, J., & Hyun, M. H. (2017). Effects of time perspective and Self-Control on procrastination and Internet addiction. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.017 

Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., Tosuntas, S. B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Uses and Gratifications of Problematic Social Media Use Among University Students: a Simultaneous Examination of the Big Five of Personality Traits, Social Media Platforms, and Social Media Use Motives. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(3), 525–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6 

Koch, C. (1952). Der Baumtest. H. Huber 

Lieberman, A., & Schroeder, J. (2020). Two social lives: How differences between online and offline interaction influence social outcomes. Current Opinion in Psychology, 31, 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.022 

Lim, J.-A., Gwak, A. R., Park, S. M., Kwon, J.-G., Lee, J.-Y., Jung, H. Y., … Choi, J.-S. (2015). Are Adolescents with Internet Addiction Prone to Aggressive Behavior? The Mediating Effect of Clinical Comorbidities on the Predictability of Aggression in Adolescents with Internet Addiction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(5), 260–267. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0568 

Lo, V. (2006). Staying connected while on the move : 8(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444806059870 

Loganathan, K. (1996). Agamic Psychology :The Baum Test And Hermeneutic Semiotics. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/ulagansessays/baum-test-and-her-semiotics 

Loganathan, K. (1998). The Notion of Hermeneutic Science.Retrieved from http://ulagank.tripod.com/nohermsc.htm 

Loganathan, K. (2004). The Methodology of Hermeneutic Science.Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/ulagansessays/hermeneutics-drav-and-european/method--herm-science 

Loganthan, K. (1986). New Baum Test : On How To Conduct the Test. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Retrieved from http://ulagank.tripod.com/nbtconduct.htm 

Ma, H. K. (2011). Internet Addiction and Antisocial Internet Behavior of Adolescents.The Scientific World JOURNAL, 11, 2187–2196. https://doi.org/10.1100/2011/30861 

Mahmud, N. A., Awaluddin, S. M., Yoep, N., Hasani, W. S. R., Yn, J. L. M., & Kuay, L. K. (2019). Association of Truancy and Health Risk Behaviours among School-Going Adolescents in Malaysia. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 07(07), 228–237. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2019.77021 

Mak, K., Lai, C., Watanabe, H., Kim, D., Bahar, N., Psych, M., … Cheng, C. (2014). Epidemiology of Internet Behaviors and Addiction Among Adolescents in Six Asian Countries. 17(11). https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0139 

Masud, M. M., Ahmed, S., Rahman, M., & Akhtar, R. (2016). Measuring Psychological Effects and Internet Addiction towards Academic Performance of Tertiary Students in Malaysia. International Journal of Research in Business and Technology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.17722/ijrbt.v9i1.465 

MCMC. (2018). Internet users survey 2018: Statistical brief number twenty-three. Internet Users Survey 2018, 1–39. Retrieved from https://www.mcmc.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/Internet-Users- Survey-2018.pdf 

McNicol, M. L., & Thorsteinsson, E. B. (2017). Internet Addiction, Psychological Distress, and Coping Responses among Adolescents and Adults. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(5), 296–304. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0669 

Meiling Luo, M. (2020). Uses and Gratifications Theory and Digital Media Use: the Test of Emotional Factors. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 599–608. https://doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2020.61.599608 

Ming, T. S., Shi, N. L., & Taha, A. M. (2020). Awareness of the risks and dangers of social networking: Exploration on four types of malaysian secondary schools. 

Mohd Isa, S., Hashim, A. H., Kaur, M., & Ng, C. G. (2016). Internet addiction among adolescents in Malaysia: the prevalence and its association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 25(1). Retrieved from http://mymedr.afpm.org.my/publications/60511%0Ahttp://www.mjpsychiatry.or g/index.php/mjp/article/view/387/279 

Mydin, H., Kuthoos, A., Endut, N., & Selamat, N. H. (2016). Juveniles and Their Parents : Narratives of Male & Female Adolescents in Rehabilitation Centres. 34(12), 1834–1839. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2016.1834.1839 

Neverkovich, S. D., Bubnova, I. S., Kosarenko, N. N., Sakhieva, R. G., Sizova, Z. M., Zakharova, V. L., & Sergeeva, M. G. (2018). Students’ internet addiction: Study and prevention. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(4), 1483–1495. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/83723 

Noble, H., & Heale, R. (2019). Triangulation in research, with examples. Evidence- Based Nursing, 22(3), 67–68. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2019-103145 

Omar, S. Z., Saharuddin, N. F., & Bolong, J. (2019). Measuring Internet Addiction among Multiracial Youths in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i9/6340 

Ong, S. H., & Tan, Y. R. (2014). Internet Addiction in Young People. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore, 43(7), 378–382. 

Orhan Iyitoglu, & Çeliköz, N. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Internet Addiction on Academic Achievement. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(3), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.439138 

Othman, Z., & Lee, C. W. (2017). Internet addiction and depression among college students in Malaysia. International Medical Journal, 24(6), 447–450. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2588081 

Öztürk, C., Bektas, M., Ayar, D., Özgüven Öztornaci, B., & Ya.ci, D. (2015). Association of Personality Traits and Risk of Internet Addiction in Adolescents. Asian Nursing Research, 9(2), 120–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.01.001 

Palmer, R. E. (1969). Palmer_Hermeneutics.pdf. Northwestern University Press. 

Panayides, P., & Walker, M. J. (2012). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the internet addiction test (IAT) in a sample of Cypriot high school students: The Rasch measurement perspective. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 8(3), 327– 351. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v8i3.474 

Paynter, J., & Lim, J. (2001). Malaysia online history. Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science, 6(2), 1–19. 

Pedigo, T. W., Ph, D., Robey, P. A., Ed, D., Christiansen, T., & Ph, D. (2016). AN INTEGRATION OF MINDFULNESS WITH CHOICE THEORY AND REALITY. XXX(1), 64–73. 

Pintea, F. A., Lacrama, D. A. N. L., Musuroi, C., Karnyanszky, T. M., & Toma, C. I. (n.d.). Automatic Pre-Classification of Baum Test Images. 65–68. 

Programs, Q. E. (2009). Introduction to Choice Theory : Teaching Students Responsible Behavior. 

Reed, P., Vile, R., Osborne, L. A., Romano, M., & Truzoli, R. (2015). Problematic Internet Usage and Immune Function. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134538 

Riffe, D., Lacy, S., & Varouhakis, M. (2014). Media System Dependency Theory and Using the Internet for In-depth , Specialized Information Media System Dependency Theory and Using the Internet for In-depth , Specialized Information. (December). 

Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass Communication & Society, 3(1), 3–37. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02 

Rutt, J. (2006). ISSN 1121-0442 On Hermeneutics. 1–6. 

Sadik, F. (2018). Children and discipline: Investigating secondary school students’ perception of discipline through metaphors. European Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.7.1.31 

Sadik, F., & Yalcin, O. (2018). Examination of the Views of High School Teachers and Students with Regard to Discipline Perception and Discipline Problems. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(2), 97. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i2.2715 

Salman, A., Choy, E. A., Wan Mahmud, W. A., & Abdul Latif, R. (2013). Tracing the diffusion of internet in Malaysia: Then and now. Asian Social Science, 9(6), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n6p9 

Settineri, S., Dritto, I. P., Morabito, V., & Mento, C. (2015). The Self Representation in Schizophrenic patients : Considerations on the Draw a Tree Test. 3. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2015.3.1093 

Shamnadh, M., & A, A. (2019). Misbehavior of School Students in Classrooms - Main Causes and Effective Strategies to Manage It. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 4(3), 318–321. Retrieved from www.ijsdr.org318 

Singh, N., & Barmola, K. C. (2016). Internet Addiction, Mental Health and Academic Performance of School Students/Adolescents. The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN, 2(3), 2348–5396. Retrieved from http://www.ijip.in 

Sivakumar, R. (2015). The Science of Baum  Test Agamic Psychology, Level 1. Ulaganaar Agamic Sciences Center 

Sivakumar, R. (2015). The Science of Baum  Test Agamic Psychology, Level 2. Ulaganaar Agamic Sciences Center 

Sivakumar, R. (2015). The Science of Baum  Test Agamic Psychology, Level 3. Ulaganaar Agamic Sciences Center 

Sivakumar, R. (2015). The Science of Baum  Test Agamic Psychology, Level 4. Ulaganaar Agamic Sciences Center 

Sivakumar, R. (2015). The Science of Tamilar Agamic  Psychology (Baum  Test), Power Point Slides Ulaganaar Agamic Sciences Center 

Stable URL : http://www.jstor.org/stable/23655049 Conceptualising the Network Society in Malaysia. 36(5), 773–791. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853108X364226 

Statistics, C. (2016). DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS MALAYSIA PRESS RELEASE.264(December). 

Suddick, K. M., Cross, V., Vuoskoski, P., Galvin, K. T., & Stew, G. (2020). The Work of Hermeneutic Phenomenology. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920947600 

Talwar, P., Mohamad, F. S., Mustaffa, M. S., Othman, M. K., Bee, O. Y., & Hian, C.(2019). Internet addiction among university students: Psychometric properties of three factor model internet addiction test. Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences, 18(1). 

Tee, E., Ming, G., Raji, O. B., Steven, M. A. P. C., Xuan, L. L., & Sathivel, H. A. P. (2019). Association Between Social Media Addiction and Narcissistic Behaviour Among Undergraduate Medical Students : A Cross-Sectional Study. 7(2), 36–44. 

Teong, K. V., & Ang, M. C. H. (2016). Internet Use and Addiction among Students in Malaysian Public Universities in East Malaysia: Some Empirical Evidence. Journal of Management Research, 8(2), 31 47.https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v8i2.9092 

Vladutescu, S. (2018). Six Steps of Hermeneutical Process at H.-G. Gadamer. Postmodern Openings, 9(2), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/26 

WU Wenying, & CUI Fangying. (2018). Impact of Internet Literacy, Internet Addiction Symptoms on Quality of Life. Journalism and Mass Communication, 8(4), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.17265/2160-6579/2018.04.004 

Yazid, A., Abu, B., Dawson, C. S., & Ifdil, I. (2020). Students discipline problems perception of counseling services : a qualitative analysis. 3(2), 62–67. 

Young, K. S. (1996). Internet Addiction : The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder. Published in CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/doi:10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237. 

Young, K. S. (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. Innovations in Clinical Practice (Volume 17), 17(Volume 17), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-009-9120-x 

Young, K. S. (2004). Internet Addiction: A New Clinical Phenomenon and Its Consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402–415. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764204270278 

Z, S. S. S. (n.d.). FACEBOOK ADDICTION AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. 

Zeng, W., Ye, K., Hu, Y., Software, E., Software, E., & Mega, H. E. (2016). EXPLICIT SELF-ESTEEM , LONELINESS , AND PATHOLOGICAL INTERNET USE AMONG CHINESE ADOLESCENTS. 44(6), 965–9