Ahmad, H. G. (2007). Kejurulatihan dan Sains Sukan (EdisiPertama). Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd. 

Amorose, A. J. (2007). Coaching effectiveness. Exploring the relationship between coaching behaviour and self-determined motivation. In M. S. Hagger & N.L.D. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Exercise and Sport.Human Kinetics 

Antunes, N. M. F. G. (2015). Planning, implementation and evaluation of a team-building programme in a female youth football team. (Publication No. 10365342) [Master's thesis, JyväskyläUniversity]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Araki, K., Mintah, J.K., Mack, M.G., Huddleston, S., Larson, L. &Jacobs, K. (2006, Mei 12). Belief in self-talk and dynamic balance performance. Athletic Insight. http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol8Iss4/SrlfTalkandPerformance.htm 

Aristotelis, G., Evangelos, B., Ioannis, G.,Stergios, K., Ioannis, I., & Antonios, S. (2013). The relationship of group cohesion with the antecedents for soccer teams. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 13(1), 66 –72. 

Ary, D., Jacob, L.C., & Razavieh, A. (2002). Introduction to research in education (6th ed.). Harcourt Brace Collage Pub. 

Asamoah, B., & Grobbelaar, H.W. (2017). Team cohesion and performance during university soccer championship: Two sides of the coin. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education, and Recreation, 39 (1), 1-15. 

Asmah, H. O. (2008). Kaedah penyelidikan bahasa di lapangan. (2nd ed.). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Atkinson, F. (2016). The Relationship between athletes’ perceptions of coaching efficacy and collective efficacy in collegiate soccer. (Publication No. 10125566) [Master’s thesis, Stirling University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing 

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of though and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentise-Hall. 

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman. 

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy:Toward a unifying theory of behavior change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. 

Bandura, A. (2000). Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 75-78. 

Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacyscales. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Adolescence and education: Vol. 5. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307-337). Information Age. 

Barbie, E (2000). Survey Research Methods. Wordsworth. 

Baumgarthner, T.A., &Hensley, L.D. (2006). Conducting & reading research in health & human performance (4thed.). McGraw Hill. 

Baumgartner, T. A., Strong, C. H., & Hensley, L. D. (2005). Conducting and reading research in health and human performance, (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. 

Bayer, C. (1987). Técnica del balonmano: la formacion del jugador. Hispano Europea, S.A. 

Beal, D. J., Cohen, R. R., Burke, M. J., & McLendon, C. L. (2003). Cohesion and performance in group: A meta-analyticclarification of construct relations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 989 –1004. 

Beckhard, R. (1966). An organization improvement program in a decentralized organization. Applied Behavoral Science, 2, 3-25 

Bednar, K. L., & Battersby, C. P. (1976). The effects of specific cognitive structure on earlygroup development. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 12, 513-522. 

Beer, M. (1976). The technology of organization development. In M. D. Dunnette (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp.937-993). Rand McNally. 

Beer, M. (1980). Organizational change and development: A systems review. Scott, Foresma. 

Bennis, W. (1966). Changing organizations. McGraw-Hill. 

Blake, R., & Mouton, J. (1968). Corporate excellence through grid organization devleopment: A systems approach. Gulf. 

Bloom, G. A., &Stevens, D. E. (2002, Jun24). Case study: A team-building mental skills training program with an intercollegiate equestrian team. Athletic Insight http://www.athleticinsight.com/Vol4Iss1/EquestrianTeamBuilding.htm 

Bloom, G.A., Stevens, D.E., & Wickwire, T.L. (2003). Expert coaches’ perceptions of team building. Journal o f Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 129-143. 

Boardley, I. D. & Jackson, B. (2012). When teammates are viewed as rivals: A cross­nationalinvestigation of achievement goals and intrateam moral behavior. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34, 503-524. 

Boardley, I. D., Kavussanu, M., & Ring, C. (2008). Athletes’ perception of coaching competency and athlete-related outcomes in rugby union: An investigation based on the coachingefficacymodel. The Sport Psychologist, 22(3), 269-287. 

Bohn, J. (2010). Development and exploratory validation of an organizational efficacy scale. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 21(3), 227-251. 

Bompa, T. (1999). Periodization training for sports. Human Kinetics 

Bosseluta, G. Heuzé, J. P., Eys, M. A., Fontayne, P., & Sarrazin, P. (2012). Athletes’ perceptions of role ambiguity and coaching competency in sport teams: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 34, 345-364. 

Boughattas, W & Kridis, N. (2017). Exploring the Relationship between Cohesion and Collective Efficacyin Tunisian Sports Teams: Validation of the Tunisian Version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Collective Sports. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport, 5(1), 46-59. 

BrawleyL. R., Carron A.V., &Widmeyer W. N. (1987). Assessing the cohesion of teams: Validity of the group environment questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 9, 275-294. 

Bray, S.R. (2004). Collectiveefficacy, group goals, and groupperformance of a muscular endurance task. Small Group Research, 55(2), 230-238. 

Bray, S.R., & Widmeyer, W.N. (2000). Athletes' perceptions of the home advantage; An investigation of perceived causal factors. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23, 1-10. 

Brehm, S.S., Kassin, S.M., & Fein, S. (2002). Social psychology (5th ed.). Houghton Mifflin. 

Broodryk, R., van den Berg, P., Kruger, A., & Ellis, S. M. (2014). Comparing club level rugby coaches and players' perceptions of coaching competency. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation & Dance, 20(2), 780-792. 

Brunner, M.W. (2008). Examining the relationship between team building and physical activity adherence in rural youth. Unpublished doctoral’s thesis. College of Kinesiology,Universityof Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. 

Bruner, M. W., Eys, M. A., Beauchamp, M. R., & Côté, J. (2013). Examining the origins of team building in sport: A citation network and genealogical approach. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 17(1). 262-287. 

Bruner, M.W., Eys, M. A., Wilson, K. S., &Cote, J. (2014). Group cohesion and positive youth development in team sport athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 3(4), 219-227. 

Bruton, A. M., Mellalieu, D., & Shearer, A. (2016). Validation of a single-item stem for collectiveefficacymeasurement in sports teams. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(4), 383–401. 

Bruton, A. M., Mellalieu, S. D., & Shearer, D. A. (2014). Observation interventions as a means to manipulate collective efficacy in groups. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 36(1), 27-39. 

Buller, P. F. (1986). The team building-task performance relation: Some conceptual and methodological refinements. Group & Organization Studies, 11, 147-168. 

Cakioglu, A. (2003). Leadership and satisfaction in soccer: Examination of congruence and players’ position. (Publication No. 3148750). [Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Campbell, D. T., & Stanley,J. G. (1996). Experimental and quasi experimental design for research. Rand Mc Nally College Publishing Company. 

Candan, K. A. (2008). Leadership and group cohesion: The impact of coach participation on the effectiveness of the team building intervention. (Publication No. 3302029). [Doctoral dissertation, Fairleigh Dickinson University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Carron, A. V., & Chelladurai, P. (1981). Cohesion as a factor in sport performance. International Review of Sport Sociology, 16, 21-41. 

Carron, A. V., & Hausenblas, H. (1998). Group dynamics in sport (2nd edition). Fitness Information Technology. 

Carron, A. V., Brawley, L. R., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1998). The measurement of cohesion in sport groups. In J. L. Duda (Eds.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp. 213-226). Fitness Information Technology. 

Carron, A. V., Spink, K. S., & Prapavessis, H. (1997). Team building and cohesiveness in the sport and exercise setting: Use of the indirect intervention. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 61-72. 

Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 244-266. 

Carron, A. V., Widmeyer,W. N., &Brawley, L. R. (1988). Group cohesion andindividual adherence to physical activity. Journal o f Sport & Exercise Psychology, 10, 119­126. 

Carron, A.V., Bray, S.R., & Eys, M.A. (2002). Team cohesion and team success in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences. 20(2), 119-128. 

Carron, A. V., Colman, M. M., Wheeler, J., & Stevens, D. (2002). Cohesion and performance in sport: A meta analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24(2), 168–188. 

Carron, A.V., Widmeyer, W.N., & Brawley, L.R. (1998). The measurement of cohesiveness in sport groups. In J.L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in Sport & Exercise Psychology Measurement. Fitness Information Technology. 

Carron, A. V., & Eys, M. A. (2012). Group Dynamics in Sport (4th ed.). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology. 

Chase, M. A., Feltz, D. L., & Lirgg, C. D. (2003). Sources of collective and individual fficacy of collegiate athletes. International Journal of Exercise and Sport Psychology, 1, 180-191. 

Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S.D. (1978). Preferred leadership in sport. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 3, 85 –92. 

Chow, G. M., & Feltz, D. L. (2014). Collective efficacy beliefs and sport. In M. R. Beauchamp,&M. A. Eys(Eds.). Group dynamics in exercise and sport Psychology (pp. 298-315).Routledge. 

Chua, Y.P. (2011). Kaedah penyelidikan. (Edisi Kedua). McGraw-Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. 

Coakes, S. J., & Steed, L. (2007). SPSS Version 14.0 for windows: Analysis without anguish. John Wiley& Sons. 

Christensen, L.B. (2006). Experimental methodology. (10th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. 

Coakes, S. J., Steed, L., & Ong, C. (2009). SPSS version 16.0 for windows: Analysis without anguish. John Wiley& Sons Australia, Ltd. 

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum. 

Creasy, J. W., Rearick, M., Buriak, J., & Wright, L. (2009). Are you coaching mental skills? Whynot? Virginia Association for Health. Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 13-14. 

Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (3rded.).Sage. 

Creswell, J., W. (2008). Educational research planning, conducting, and evaluating  quantitative and qualitative research. (3th ed.). Pearson PrenticeHall. 

Dalton, M. (1997). Are competencymodels a waste? Training and Development, 51 (10), 46-50. 

Dancey, C.P., & Raidey, J. (2002). Statistic without maths for psychology using SPSS for windows.Pearson Education Limited. 

Dithurbide, L. (2011). Teammate efficacy and teammate trust: An examination of team dynamics in volleyball defense. (Publication No. 3468994) [Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Duarte, D.F.T.DS., Garganta, J, Fonseca, A.M. (2014). The efficacy of youth football coach-perception of players and coaches of different age groups of Portuguese football. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 14(1), 66 –73. 

Dunn, J.G.H., & Holt, N.L. (2004). A qualitative investigation of a personal-disclosure mutual-sharing team building activity. The Sport Psychologist, 18, 363 –380 

Ebbeck, V., & Gibbons, S. L. (1998). The effect of a team building program on the selfconceptions of grade 6 and 7 physical education students. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 20, 300-310. 

Edmonds, W. A., Tenenbaum, G., Kamata, A., & Johnson, M. B. (2009). The role of collective efficacy in adventure racing teams. Small Group Research, 40(2), 163­180. 

Estabrooks, P. A., & Carron, A. V. (1999). Group cohesion in older adult exercisers: Prediction and intervention effects. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 22, 575-588. 

Estabrooks, P. A., Bradshaw, M., Toner, S. & Fox, E. H. (2005b). Activity for the Ages: A teambuilding program to promote fun and physical activity in congregate meal sites for older adults.Manhattan: Kansas StateUniversityAgricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. 

Etzal, E. &Lantz, C. (1992). Team building soccer journal. 37. (4), 48-52. 

Evans, M. B., Eys, M. A., & Bruner, M. W. (2012). Seeing the "we" in "me" sports: The need toconsider individual sport team environments. Canadian Psychology, 53(4), 301-308. 

Eys, M. A., Carron, A. V., Bray, S. R., &Brawley, L. R. (2007). Item wordingand internal consistency of a measure of cohesion: The group environment questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 395-402. 

Eys, M., Evans, M.B., Martin, L.J., Ohlert, J., Wolf, S.A., Van Bussel, M., & Steins, C. (2015). Cohesion and performance for female and male sport teams. The Sport Psychologist, 29, 97-109. 

Eys, M.A., Loughhead, T.M., Bray, S.R., & Carron, A.V. (2009a). Perceptions of cohesion byyouth sport participants. The Sport Psychologist, 23, 330-345. 

Farrar, T.D. (2009). The correlation between leadership behaviors, cohesiveness and team building in women’s community college volleyball. (Publication No.3389204) [Doctoraldissertation,. Capella University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing 

Feltz, D. L., & Lirgg, C. D. (1998). Perceived team and player efficacyin hockey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 557-564. 

Feltz, D. L., Chase, M. A., Moritz, S. E., & Sullivan, P. J. (1999). A conceptual model of coaching efficacy: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of educational psychology, 91(4), 765-776. 

Feltz, D.L., & Lirgg, C.D. (2001). Self-efficacybeliefs of athletes, teams and coaches. In Singer, R.N., Hausenblas, H.A&Janelle, C. (Eds.), Handbook of Sport Psychology, (2nd ed.).340-361. John Wiley& Sons. 

Feltz, D.L., & Lirgg, C.D. (1998). Perceived team and player efficacyin hockey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 557-564 

Field, J.F. (2006). Statistics: A tool for social research (7thed.). Thompson Wad Worth. 

Filho, E., Dobersek, U., Gershgoren, L., Becker, B., & Tenenbaum, G. (2014). The cohesionperformance relationship in sport: A 10-year retrospectivemeta-analysis. Sport Sciences for Health, 3, 165-177. 

Filho, E., Tenenbaum, G., & Yang, Y. (2015). Cohesion, team mental models, and collective efficacy: towards an integrated framework of team dynamics in sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(6), 641-653. 

Filiz, B., & Aydin, E. (2016). The case of male volleyball players’ team cohesion in Turkey. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Management, 7(3), 18-25. 

Fraenkel, J. R., &Wallen, N. E. (2007). How to design and evaluate research in education. (7th ed.).McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 

Fraenkel, J., & Wallen, N. (2003). How to Design and Evaluate Research In Education. (6th ed.).Mc Graw Hill. 

Fraenkel, J.R&Wallen, N.E. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. (8th ed.)Mc. Graw. Hill, Inc. 

Fransen, K., Decroos, S., Vanbeselaere, N., Vande Broek, G., De Cuyper, B., Vanroy, J., & Boen, F. (2015). Is team confidence the key to success? The reciprocal relation between collective efficacy, team outcome confidence, and perceptions of team performance during soccer games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(3), 219-231. 

Fransen, K., Vanbeselaere, N., DeCuyper, B., Slater, M. J., Boen, F., &Coffee, P. (2014). The impact of athlete leaders on team members' team outcome confidence: A test of mediation by team identification and collective efficacy. Sport Psychologist, 28(4), 347-360 

Fransen, K., Vanbeselaere, N., Exadaktylos, V., Vande Broek, G., De Cuyper, B., Berckmans,D., & Boen, F. (2012). “Yes, we can!” Perceptions of collective efficacy sources involleyball. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(7), 641-649. 

Fung, L. (2002). Task familiarity and task efficacy: A studyof sports coaches. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 95, 367-372. 

Galvan, H., Fyall, G., & Culpan, I. (2012). High-performance cricket coaches'perceptions of an educationally informed coach education programme. Asia Pacific Journal of Health, Sport & Physical Education, 3(2), 123-140. 

Gay, L. (1996). Educational research: competencies for analysis and application. (5th edition). Prentice Hall. 

Gearity, B. T., &Murray,M. A. (2011). Athletes’ experiences ofthe psychological effects of poor coaching, Psycological of Sport and Exercise, 12 (3), 213-221. 

Gecas, V. (1989). The social psychology of self-efficacy. Annual Review of Psychology, 15, 291–316. 

Ghasemi, M., Nikbakhsah, R., & Zargar, T. (2014). The Relationship Between Team Cohesion and Self Presentation on Fars Province Team Sport Athles. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacologya and Life Sciences, 3(Spl issueII), 410-413. 

Gibbons, S., & Black, K. (1997). Effect of participation in team-building activities on the selfconceptsof middle school physical education students. Avante, 3, 46-60. 

Gilbert, W., & Trudel, P. (2004). Analysis of coaching science research published from 1970-2001. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 75(4), 388-400. 

Gill, D. L., & Williams, L. (2008). Psychological dynamics of sport and exercise (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics. 

Gioldasis, A., Stavrou, N., Mitrotasios, M., & Psychountaki, M. (2016). Cohesion and performance in soccer: A causal model. Sports Science Review, 15 (1-2), 97-112. 

Gist, M. E. (1987). Self-efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management. Academy o f Management Review, 72(3), 472-485. 

Glass, J. S., & Benshoff, J. M. (2002). Facilitating group cohesion among adolescents through challenge course experiences. Journal of Experiential Education, 25(2), 268-277. 

Glover, D. R., & Midura, D. W. (1992). Team building through physical challenges. Human Kinetics. 

Goddard, R. (2001). Collectiveefficacy: A neglected construct in thestudy of schools and student achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(3), 467-476. 

Goddard, R. (2002). The theoretical and empirical analysis of measurement of collective efficacy: The development of the short form. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(1), 97-110. 

Goddard, R., Hoy, W., & Hoy, A. (2004). Collective efficacy beliefs: Theoretical developments , empirical evidence,and futuredirections. Educational Researcher, 33(3), 3-13. 

Goddard, R., Hoy, W., & Woolfolk-Hoy, A. (2000). Collective teacher efficacy: Its meaning, measure, and impact on student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 37(2), 479-507. 

Golembiewski, R. T. (1962). The small group: An analysis of research concepts and operations. University of Chicago Press. 

Granito, V. & Rainey, D. (1988). Differences in cohesion between high school and collegiate footballteams and startersand non-starters. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 66,471-477. 

Greenlees, I. A., Graydon, J. K., & Maynard, I. W. (2014). The impact of individual efficacy beliefs on group goal commitment. Journal of Sport Sciences, 18, 451– 459. 

Greenless, I. A., Graydon, J. K.., & Maynard, I. W. (1999). The impact of collective efficacybeliefs on effort and persistencein agrouptask. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17, 151-158. 

Gribbons, B. & Herman, J. (1997, November 14). True and quasi-experimental designs. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 5(14). SCHOLARWORKS. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol5/iss1/14 

Gruber, J. J., & Gray, G. R. (1982). Factor patterns of variables influencing cohesiveness at various levels of basketball competition. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 52, 19-30. 

Guildford, J. P., & Fruchter, B. (1956). Fundamental statistics in pscyhology and education. McGraw-Hill. 

Habibah, Elias. (1991). Kesan latihan motivasi pencapaian ke atas pelajar universiti. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 

Halbrook, M., Blom, L.C., Hurley, K., Bell, R. J., Holden, J. E. (2012). Relationships amongmotivation, gender, and cohesion in asample of collegiateathletes. Journal of Sport Behavior, 35(1), 61-77. 

Hall, T. (2015). Does cohesion positivelycorrelateto performancein allstages of agroup’s lifecycle? Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 19(1), 58-71. 

Halit, A. H. (2012). Career skills in youth career module among adolescence in secondry school. The international journal of social sciences, 2, 1 –16 

Hampson, R. & Jowett, S. (2014). Effects of coach leadership and coach-athlete relationship oncollectiveefficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24, 454-460. 

Hassan, H.& Maznah,C.D. (2010).Pembinaan Modul Program Pembangunan Akademik Pelajar Tahun Satu Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 

Heuze, J. P., Raimbault, N., & Fontayne, P. (2006a) Relationships between cohesion, collective efficacy, and performance in professional basketball teams: An examination of mediating effects. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 59 –68. 

Heuzé, J. P., Sarrazin, P., Masiero, M., Raimbault, R., & Thomas, J. P. (2006b) The relationships of perceived motivational climate to cohesion and collective efficacy in elite female teams. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 201–218. 

Heuze, J.P., Bosselut, G., & Thomas, J.P. (2007). Should the coaches of elite female handball teams focus on collective efficacy or group cohesion? The Sport Psychologist, 21, 383-399. 

Heuze, J.P., Raimbault, N., & Fontayne, P. (2006). Relationship between cohesion, collective efficacy and performance in professional basketball teams: An examination of mediating effects. Journal of Sports Sciences. 24, 59-68. 

Heuzé, J.P., Sarraziti, P., Masiero, M., Raimbault, N., & Thomas, J.P. (2006). The relationships of perceived motivational climate to cohesion and collective efficacy in elite femaleteams. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 201-208. 

Hill, K. L. (2001). Frameworks for sport psychologists: Enhancing sport performance. Human Kinetics. 

Holt, N. &Dunn, J. (2004). Toward a grounded theoryof psychosocial competencies and environmental conditionsassociatedwith soccer success. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 199–219. 

Hoover, J. D., Giambatista, R. C., & Belkin, L. Y. (2012). Eyes on, hands on: Vicarious observational learning as an enhancement of direct experience. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 11(4), 591-608. 

Horn, T. S., Bloom, P., Berglund, K. M., & Packard, S. (2011). Relationship between collegiate athletes'psychological characteristics and their preferences fordifferent types of coaching behavior. The Sport Psychologist, 25(2), 190–211. 

Horn, T.S. (2002). Coaching effectiveness in the sport domain. In T.S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in Sport Psychology (309-355).Human Kinetics. 

Hoyt, C. L., Murphy, S. E., Halverson, S. K., & Watson, C. B. (2003). Group leadership: Efficacy and effectiveness. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 7, 259–274. 

Hulin, L.H., Drasgrow, F., & Parsons, C.K. (1983). Item response theory: Application to psychological measurement. Dowjones Irwin. 

Hunter, J.W. (2002). A qualitative study of team building in division III football. (Publication No. 1410175). [Master’s thesis, Northern Colorado University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Ince, M. (2013). Professional development of coaches and teachers: Trends andchallenges. Sport Mont, (37-39), 3-9. 

Iturbide, L. M., Elosua, P. and Yanes, F. (2010). Medida de la cohesión en equipos deportivos. Adaptación al español del Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Psicothema, 22(3), 482-488. 

Jacobs, E.E, Harvill, R.L., &Masson, R.L. (1988). Group counceling strategies and skills. Brooks/Cole PublishingCompany. 

Janssen, J. (1999). Championship team building. Winning The Mental Game. 

Janssen, J., &Dale, G. (2002).The seven secrets of successful coaches: How to unlock and unleash your team’s full potential. Cary, NC: Winning The Mental Game. 

Jenkins, J. M. & Alderman, B. L. (2011). Influence of sport education on group cohesion in university physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 30, 214-230. 

Jowett, S., Shanmugam, V., & Caccoulis, S. (2012). Collective efficacy as a mediator of theassociation between interpersonal relationships and athlete satisfaction in team sports. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(1), 66-78. 

Kahn, R., Wolfe, D., Quinn, R., Snoek, J., & Rosenthal, R. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. Wiley. 

Kao, S. F., &Tsai, C. Y. (2016). Transformationalleadership and athlete satisfaction: The mediating role of coaching competency. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 28(4), 469-482 

Kavussanu, M., Boardley, I. D., Jutkiewicz, N., Vincent, S., &Ring, C. (2008). Coaching efficacy and coaching effectiveness: Examining their predictors and comparing coaches' and athletes'reports. The Sport Psychologist, 22 (4), 383-404. 

Kerlinger, FN. (1986). Foundations of behavioral research. Holt, Rinehart and Wiston. 

Kowalski, C., Edginton, C., Lankford, S., Waldron, J., Roberts-Dobie, S & Nielsen, L. (2007). Coaching Efficacyand Volunteer Youth Soccer Coaches. Asian Journal of Exercise & Sports Science, 1 (4), 1-5. 

Kozub, S.A., & McDonnell, J.F. (2000). Exploringthe relationship between cohesion and collective efficacy in rugby team. Journal of Sport Behavior, 23(2). 120-128. 

Lan, W. H. (2010). An investigation of the relationship among basketball coaches' leadership behavior and team cohesion and athletes’ satisfaction in selected universities in Northern Taiwan.(Publication No. 3411600). [Doctoral dissertation, United States Sports Academy]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Lavoi, N. (2007). Expandingthe Interpersonal Dimension:Closeness in the Coach-Athlete Relationship. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 4(2), 497-512. 

Leo Macros, F.G., Miguel Sanchez, P.A., Oliva, D.S., & Calvo, T.G. (2010). Interactive effect of team cohesion on perceived in semi-professional sport. Journal of Sports science and Medicine. 9, 320-325. 

Leo, F. M., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Sánchez-Oliva, D., Amado, D., & García-Calvo, T. (2013). Analysis of cohesion and collective efficacy profiles for the performance of soccerplayers. Journal of Human Kinetics, 39, 221-229. 

Leo, F.M., Garcia-Calvo, T., Parejo, I.. Sanchez-Miguel, P.A., & Sanchez-Oliva, D. (2010a). Interaction of cohesion and perceived efficacy, success expectations and performance in basketball teams. Journal of Sport Psychology, 19(1): 89-102. 

Leo, F.M., Gonzalez-Ponce, I, Sanchez-Olivia, D, Amado, D., &Garcia-Calvo, T. (2016). Exploring direction between cohesion and collective efficacy and relationships with performance of football teams. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 38(3): 103 – 116. 

Leo, F.M., Sanchez-Miguel, P.A., Sanchez-Oliva, D., Amado, D., & Garcia-Calvo, T. (2014). Analysis of the group process and the performance in semi-professional soccer. International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport, 14(53). 153-168. 

Leo, F. M., González-Ponce, I., Sánchez-Miguel, P. A., Ivarsson, A., & García-Calvo, T. (2015). Role ambiguity, role conflict, team conflict, cohesion and collective efficacy in sport teams: A multilevel analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 20, 60–66 

Lewin, K. (1935). A dynamic theory of personality. McGraw-Hill. 

Lewin, K. (1947b). Group decision and social change. In T. N. E. E. Maccoby, & E. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 330-344). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 

Libo, L. M. (1953). Measuring group cohesiveness. University of Michigan. 

Likert, R. (1961). New patterns of management. McGraw-Hill. 

Lim, Chong Hin. (2007). Penyelidikan pendidikan: Penyelidikan kuantitatif dan kualitatif.McGraw Hill. 

Lim, K. C. (1995). Coach leadership behaviours and their relationship to athletes’ achievement orientation and satisfaction.[Unpublished Master’s thesis]. Universiti Sains Malaysia. 

Lim, K. C., Khor, P.H., &Radzliyana, R. (2013). Student-athletes’perception of coaches’ coachingcompetencyat the Malaysia PublicInstitute of Higher Learning. Journal of Physical Activity, Sport & Sciences, 1(1), 43 –48. 

Lim, K.C., Nor Idayu, M., Najib, A.M., & Khor,P. H.(2014). Student-athletes’ evaluation of coaches’coaching competencies andtheir sport achievement motivation. Review of European Studies. 6,(2). 28 –39. 

Lindsley, D. H., Brass, D. J., & Thomas, J. B. (1995). Efficacy-performance spirals: A multilevel perspective. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 645-678. 

Lirgg, C. D., DiBrezzo, R., & Smith, A. N. (1994). Influence of gender of coach on perceptions of basketball and coaching self-efficacyand aspirations of high school femalebasketball players. Women in Sport and Psysical Activity Journal,3.1–14. 

Lirgg, C.D., George, T.R., Chase, M.A., & Ferguson, R.H. (1996). Impact of conception of abilityandsex-typeoftask on maleandfemaleself-efficacy. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 75,426-434. 

Little, B. L., & Madigan, R. M. (1997). The relationship between collective efficacy and performance in manufacturing work teams. Small Group Research, 28 (4), 517­534. 

Lord, R. G., & Dinh, J. E. (2014). What have we learned that is critical in understanding leadership perceptions and leader-performance relations? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 7, 158-177. 

Lott, A. J., &Lott, B. E. (1965). Group cohesiveness as interpersonal attraction: A review of relationships with antecedent and consequent variables. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 259-309. 

Machida, M., Ward, R. M., &Vealey, R. S. (2012). Predictors of sourcesof self-confidence in collegiate athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10(3),172-185. 

MacLean D, & Sullivan P. (2003). A season-long case study investigation of collective efficacyin maleintercollegiate basketball. The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(3). 414 –422. 

Magyar, T. M., Feltz, D. L. &Simpson, I. P. (2004). Individual and crewlevel determinants of collective efficacy in rowing. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 136–153. 

Malete, L, Chow, M.G,&Feltz, D.L. (2013). Influenceof coachingefficacy and coaching competencyon athlete-level moral variables in Botswana youth soccer. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43, 2107–2119 

Malete, L., & Feltz, D.L. (2000). Theeffect ofachoching education program on coaching efficacy. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 410 –417. 

Manning, C.T. (2008). Relationship among team collective efficacy, cohesion, and coaching competency in sports.(Publication No. 3306431)[Doctoral dissertations, Utah State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Mark, D.F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology. 64, 17 –24. 

Martens, R. (1987). Coaches guide to sport psychology. Human Kinetics. 

Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R., Bump, L. A. &Smith, D. (1990). Development anda validation of competitive state anxiety inventory-2. In. Martens, P. (Ed.). Competitive anxiety in sport. Human Kinetics. 

Martin, L. J., Paradis, K. F, Eys, M. A., & Evans, B. (2013). Cohesion in sport: New directions for practitioners. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 4(1), 14-25. 

Martin, R., & Davids, K. (1995). The effects of group development techniques on a professional athletic team. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(4), 533-535. 

Martin, W.J. (1981). Inservice training for school admintrators using individualised learning modules. Jurnal Pendidik dan Pendidikan, 3: 58-62. 

Martínez, I.M. & Cifre, E. (2016). Individual and group antecedents of satisfaction: One labmultilevelstudy. Anales De Psicología, 32(2), 565-570. 

Martinez, J. R., Guillen, F., & Feltz, D.L. (2011) Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Collective EfficacyQuestionnaire for Sports. Psicothema and Sport Psychology, 23, 503-509. 

Martinez-Santos, R., &Ciruelos, O. (2013).Collectiveefficacy, cohesion and performance in Spanishamateur female basketball.Psicología del Deporte. 22, 235-238. 

McClelland, D.C. (1961). The achieving society. D.Van Nostrand Reinhold. 

McClelland, D.C. (1985). Human motivation. Scotti Foresmen and Company. 

McClure, B. A., & Froster, C. D. (1991). Group work as a method of promoting cohesivenesswithin awomen’s gymnastics team. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73, 307-313. 

McMillan, J.H. (2008). Educational research: Fundamentals for the consumer (5th ed.). Pearson International Edition. 

McQueen, R. A., &Knussen, C. (2006). Introduction to research methods and statistics in psychology. Pearson Education. 

Moen, F., & Federici, R.A. (2013). Coaches’ coachingcompetence in relation to athletes’ perceived progress in elite sport. Journal of Education and Learning, 2, 240 –249. 

Mohd Majid Konting. (2000). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Mok SoonSang. (2009). Literatur dan kaedah penyelidikan. Penerbitan Multimedia. 

Mullen, B., & Cooper, C. (1994). The relationship between group cohesion and performance: An integration. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 210 –227. 

Mulhern, F. (2011, Oktober 31). Athletic coaching practices can apply to management, leadership development. CLO Media. http://www.clomedia.com/articles/athletic­coaching-practices-can-apply-to-management-leadership-development. 

Myers, N. D., & Feltz, D. L. (2007). From self-efficacy to collective efficacy in sport: Transitional issues. In G. Tenenbaum and R. C. Eklund (Eds), Handbook of sport psychology. (3rded.). 799–819. Wiley. 

Myers, N. D., Feltz, D. L. & Short, S. E. (2004a). Collective-efficacy and team performance: A longitudinal study of collegiate football teams. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 8, 126–138. 

Myers, N., Beauchamp, M., & Chase, M. (2011a). Coaching competencyand satisfaction with the coach: A multi-level structural equation model. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(4),411-422. 

Myers, N., Chase, M., Pierce, S., &Martin, E. (2011b). Coachingefficacyand exploratory structural equation modeling: A substantive-methodological synergy. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33(6),779-806. 

Myers, N.D., Beauchamp, M.R., & Chase, M.A. (2011). Coaching competency and satisfaction with the coach: A multilevel structural equation model. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29,411–422. 

Myers, N.D., Feltz, D.L.,&Short, S.E. (2004). Collectiveefficacyand team performance: A longitudinal study of collegiate football teams. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice. 8(2), 126-138. 

Myers, N.D., Feltz, D.L., Maier, K.S., Wolfe, E.W., & Reckase, M.D. (2006). Athletes’ evaluations of their head coach’s coaching competency. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77, 111–121. 

Myers, N.D., Payment, C.A., & Feltz, D.L. (2004). Reciprocal relationships between collectiveefficacyand team performancein women’s icehockey. Group dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice. 8(1), 182-195. 

Myers, N.D., Vargas-Tonsing, T.M., & Feltz, D.L. (2005). Coaching efficacy in intercollegiate coaches: Sources, coaching behavior and team variabels. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 6, 129 – 143. 

Myrick, R.D., & Dixon, R.W. (1985). Changing student attitudes and behaviour through group counseling. The School Counselor, 32.325-330. 

Nash, C., &Collins, D. (2006). Tacitknowledgein expert coaching: Scienceor art? Quest, 58, 465-477. 

Nelfianty, M. R. (2009). Motif penglibatan, orientasi matlamat dan gaya kepimpinan jurulatih dari perspektif atlet Sekolah Sukan Malaysia.[Unpublished dissertation]. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. 

Newin, J. (2006). Youth ice hockey coaches’ perceptions of the effectiveness of a team building intervention program. (Publication No. 978-0-494-28572-5). [Master’s thesis, McGill University, Montreal]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Newin, P., Bloom, G. A., & Loughead, T. M. (2008). Youth ice hockey coaches’ perceptions of team buildingintervention program. The Sport Psychologist, 22 (1), 54 –72. 

Newman, W. L. (1991). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Allyn and Bacon. 

Nor Aishah, A, Teh, S. Y, Abdul Rahman, O & Che Rohani, Y. (2011). Sensitivity of normality tests to non-normal data. Sains Malaysiana, 40 (6). 637-641. 

Noraini, I. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. McGraw-Hill. 

Norsilawati, A.R. (2011). Kesan intervensi pengurusan stress terhadap kebimbangan seketika, kebangkitan fisiologi dan prestasi atlet olahraga remaja Malaysia. [Unpublished dissertation]. Universiti Malaya. 

Ohlert, J. (2012). Instrument for measuring group cohesion in individual and team sports. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 10(1),39–51. 

Oppong, S. (2014). Between bandura and giddens: Structuration theory in social psychologicalresearch? Psychological Thought, 7(2),111-123. 

Paling, D. (2004). Keeping coaches on track: Evaluating coaches is a key part ofyour job. But exactlywhat criteria should you use? And how do you communicate? Athletic Management, 14(2), 53-54, 56-57. 

Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival guide. A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. Allen & Unwin. 

Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual—A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows. (3rded.). Open University Press. 

Pallant, J. (2011). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using the SPSS program. (4thed.).Allen & Unwin, Berkshire. 

Pascal van Alten (2007). Team cohesion in sport: Insight into the relationship between awareness of behaviour differences among team members and team cohesion and team performance in interactive sport teams. (Publication No. 3113215) [Doctoral dissertation, Amsterdam University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Paskevich, D.M., Brawley, L.R., Dorsch, K.D., & Widmeyer, W.N. (1999). Relationship between collective efficacy and team cohesion: Conceptual and measurement issues. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, 3, 210-222. 

Paskevich, D.M., Estabrooks, P.A., Brawley. L.R., &Carron, A.V. (2001). Groupcohesion in sport and exercise. In R.N Singer, H.A. Hausenblas & C.M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology. 472-494. John Wiley& Sons. 

Patras, J., & Klest, S. K. (2011). Development of a collective efficacy measure for use in social service organizations. Journal of Social Work, 13(1), 96-106. 

Patten, T. H. (1981). Organizational development through team building. John Wiley & Sons. 

Patterson, M. M., Carron, A. V., & Loughead, T. M. (2005). The influence of team norms on the cohesion-self reported performance relationship: A multi-level analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 479-493. 

Petitta, L., & Borgogni, L. (2011). Differential correlates of group and organizational collective efficacy. European Psychologist, 16(3), 187-197. 

Phillips, M. B. (2007). Student-athletes perceptions of head men’s basketball coaching competencies at 15 selected NCCAA division II Christian Colleges. (Publication No. 3294251). [Doctoral dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University]. ProQuest Dissertation Publishing. 

Pineau, T. R., Glass, C. R., Kaufman, K. A., &Bernal, D. R. (2014). Self-and teamefficacy beliefs of rowers and their relation to mindfulness and flow. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 8(2),142-158. 

Prapavessis, H., Carron, A. V., & Spink, K. S. (1996). Team-building in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27 ,269-285. 

Price, M. S., & Weiss, M. R. (2011). Peer leadership in sport: Relationships among personalcharacteristics, leaderbehaviours, andteam outcomes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23, 49-64. 

Prussia, G. E., &Kinicki,A. J. (1996). A motivational investigation of groupeffectiveness using social-cognitive theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2),187-198. 

Rad, L. S., & Gharehgozli, S. (2013). Collective efficacy based on the coaching efficacy in female professional basketball teams. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(2),469-475. 

Rainey,D. W., &Schweickert, G.J. (1988). An exploratorystudyof team cohesionbefore and after a spring trip (Research note). The Sport Psychologist, 2, 314-317. 

Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., Navarro, J., &Garcia-Izquierdo, A. L. (2012). Chaotic dynamics and team effectiveness: Evidence from professional basketball. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21, 778-802. 

Ramzaninezhad, R., Keshtan, M.H., Shahamat, M.D., & Kordshooli, S.S. (2009). The relationship between collective efficacy, group cohesion and team performance in professional volleyball teams. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 3(1),31-39 

Redmond, B. F. (2010). Self-efficacy theory: do I think that I can succeed in my work? Work Attitudes and Motivation. Pennsylvania State University Website; World Campus. 

Robson, C. &McCartan, K. (2015). Real World Research. A Resource for Users of Social Research  Methods in Applied Settings. (4th ed.).John Wiley& Sons Ltd. 

Rohana,Y. (2004). Penyelidikan sains sosial. PTS Publications & Distributors. 

Roman Martinez, J., Guillen, F. &Feltz, D. (2011). Psychometric propertiesof the Spanish version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports. Psicothema, 23(3). 235-245 

Rovio, E., Arvinen-Barrow, M., Weigand, D. A., Eskola, J. & Lintunen, T. (2012). Using Team Building Methods with an Ice Hockey Team: An Action Research Case Study. The Sport Psychologist, 26, 584-603. 

Rusell, J. D. (1974). Modular instruction: A guide to the design, selection, utilization and evaluation of modular materials. Publishing Company. 

Saavedra, R., Earley, P., & Van Dyne, L. (1993). Complex interdependence in task­performinggroups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 61–72. 

Saavedra,L.K. (2013). EffectiveTeam Building: TheRole of Coaches. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. Vol. 26. 

Sabitha Merican. (2006). Penyelidikan sains sosial. Pendekatan pragmatik. Hexa. 

Sakaran, U. (2000). Research methods for business (3rded.).John Wiley & Sons Inc. 

Salas, E., Shuffler, M.L., Thayer, A.L., Bedwell, W.L., & Lazzara, E.H. (2015). Understanding and ImprovingTeamworkin Organizations:A Scientifically Based Practical Guide. Human Resource Management. 54(4). 599-622. 

Salas, E., Grossman, R., Hughes, A.M., & Coultas, C.W. (2015). Measuring team cohesion: Observations from the science. Human Factors, 57(3), 365-374. 

Salihan Siais & Ahmad Mohd Isa. (1988). Pengisian pelajar-pelajar bermotivasi. Kertas Kerja yang dibentangkan dalam Seminar Motivasi Pelajar, Institut Latihan Sultan Ahmad Shah. 

Schroeder, P. J. (2010). Changing Team culture: The perspectives of ten successful head coaches. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32(4), 63-88. 

Schunk, D. H., &Zimmerman, B. J. (1997). Social origins of self-regulatorycompetence. Educational Psychologist, 32 (4), 195-208. 

Senecal, J. (2008). A Season-LongTeam-Building Intervention: ExaminingThe Effect of Team Goal SettingOn Cohesion. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 186­199. 

Shaharudin, A.A. (2001). Mengaplikasi teori psikologi dalam sukan. Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd. 

Shearer, D. A., Thomas, R., Mellalieu, S. D., & Shearer, C. R. (2007). The relationship between imagerytypeand collectiveefficacyin elite and non elite athletes.Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 6, 180-187. 

Shields, D. L., Gardner, D. E., Bredemeier, B. J., & Bostrom, A. (1995). Leadership, cohesion, and team norms regarding cheating and aggression. Sociology of Sport Journal, 12, 324–336. 

Short, S. E. (2015). The effect of team size, type of sport, time of season, and gender on collective efficacy beliefs in sport. Athletic Insight, 7(3), 255-267. 

Short, S.E., Sullivan, P., &Feltz, D.L. (2005). Development and PreliminaryValidation of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Sports. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 9(3), 181-202. 

Sidek, M. N. (2002). Reka bentuk penyelidikan: Falsafah, teori dan praktis. Universiti Putra Malaysia. 

Sidek, M. N., & Jamaludin, A. (2005). Pembinaan modul. Bagaimana membina modul latihan dan modul akademik. Universiti Putra Malaysia. 

Smith, M., Arthur, C.A., Hardy, J., Callow, N., & Williams, D. (2013). Transformational leadership and task cohesion in sport: The mediating role of intra-team communication. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14, 249-257. 

Smoll, F.L., &Smith, R.E. (2002). Coachingbehaviour research and intervention in youth sport. In F.LSmoll &R.E. Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sport.Kendall/Hunt. 

Soheily, B., Manouchehri, J., &Tojari,F. (2015).Analysisof variance: Coachingefficacy and coach-athlete relationship in Iranian sports leagues. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 4(1),293-302. 

Soldan, Z. (2010). Group cohesiveness and performance: The moderating effect of diversity. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences,5(4),156­168. 

Son, V., Jackson, B., Grove, J. R., & Feltz, D. L. (2011). “I am” versus “we are”. Effects of distinctive variants of self-talk on efficacy beliefs and motor performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(13),1417-1424 

Spink, K. S. (1990). Group cohesion and collective efficacy in volleyball teams. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 12, 301-311. 

Spink, K. S., & Carron, A. V. (1993). The effects of team building on the adherence patterns of female exercise participants. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15, 39-49. 

Spink, K. S., Ulvick, J. D., McLaren, C. D., Crozier, A. J., &Fesser, K. (2015). Effects of groupness and cohesion on intention to return in sport. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(4),293-302. 

Spink, K.S. (1990). Group cohesion and collectiveefficacyof volleyballteams. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, 301 -311. 

Stajkovic, A. D., Lee, D., & Nyberg, A. J. (2009). Collective efficacy, group potency, and group performance: meta-analyses of their relationships, and test of a mediation model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(3), 814-28. 

Stephens,D. E., Bredemeier, B. J.,& Shields, D. L. (1997). Construction of a measure designed to assess players’ descriptions and prescriptions for moral behavior in youth sport soccer. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 370–390. 

Steven, D.E., & Bloom, G. A. (2003). The effect of team building on cohesion. Avante, 9, 43 –54. 

Stockton, R., Rohde, R. I., &Haughey, J. (1992). Theeffects of structured groupexercises on cohesion, engagement, avoidance, and conflict. Small Group Research, 23(2), 155-168. 

Stroud, S.M. (2006). The effects of team building activities on group climate and cohesion. (Publication No. 1434152). [Master’s thesis,North CarolinaUniversity]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Subramanyam, V. (2013). Buildingself-confidencein athletes. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(2),372-374. 

Sullivan, P., Paquette, K., Holt, N., & Bloom, G. (2012). The relation of coaching context and coach education to coaching efficacy and perceived leadership behaviors in youth sport. Sport Psychologist, 26(1),122. 

Suradi Salim. (1987). Tinjauan sikap dan tabiat belajar pelajar-pelajar sekolah menengah Negeri Selangor. Jurnal Pendidikan, 11: 77-90. 

Swain, A. (1996). Explainingperformancevariation in ateam sport: Evidenceof the value of assessingcollective efficacy. In J. Annet and H. Steinberg. How Teams Work in Sport and Exercise Psychology,19-25. British Psychological Society. 

Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. (3rd ed.). Haper Collins. 

Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics, (4th ed.). Allyn & Bacon. 

Tannenbaum, S. I., Beard, R. L. and Salas, E. (1992). Team building and its influence on team effectiveness: An examination of conceptual and empirical developments. In 

K. Kelley (Ed.), Issues, theory and research in industrial/organizational psychology. 117–153. Elsevier. 

Taylor, C.B., Bandura, A.,Ewart, C.K., Miller, N.H. & Debusk, R.F. (1985). Exercise testing to enhance wives’ confidence in their husbands’ cardiac capabilities soon after clinicallyuncomplicated acutemyocardialinfarction.American Journal of Cardiology, 55, 635-63 

Terry, P. C.,Carron,A. V., Pink, M. J., Lane, A.M., Jones, G. J. W., &Hall, M. P. (2000). Perceptions of groupcohesion and mood in sport teams. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4(3),244-253. 

Tesfay, A. H. (2015). Examining the Relationship between Team Cohesion and Performanceof Addis Ababa UniversityFootball Team. Clear Ijrmst. 5(9). 1-4. 

Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J. K., & Silverman, S. J. (2001). Research methods in physical activity. Human Kinetics. 

Thyer, B.A. (1993). Research methodology. Longman. 

Turman, P. D. (2003). Coaches and cohesion: The impact of coaching techniques on team cohesion in the smallgroup sport setting.Journal of Sport Behavior,26(1), 86-103. 

Vallerand, R.J., & Miquelon, P. (2007). Passion for sport in athletes. In D. Lavallee & S. Jowett(Eds.), Social psychology in sport (pp.249–263).Human Kinetics. 

Van der Bijl, J. J., & Shortridge-Baggett, L. M. (2002). The theory and measurement of the self-efficacy construct. In E. A. Lentz &L. M. Shortridge-Baggett (Eds.), Self-efficacy in nursing: Research and measurement perspectives. 9-28. New York. 

Vander Laan, A. G. (2012). The relationship between the congruency in perceptions of coach leadership behaviours and perceptions of cohesion and performance. (Publication No. MR84383). [Master’s thesis, Windsor University). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

Vargas-Tonsing, T.M., Warners, A.L., Feltz, D.L. (2004). The predictability of coaching efficacy on team efficacy and players efficacy in volleyball. Journal of Sport Behavior, 26(4),396-406. 

Voight, M., & Callaghan, J. (2000). A team building intervention program: Application and evaluation with two university soccer teams. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 420-431 

Voight, M., & Callaghan, J. (2001). A team building intervention program: Application and evaluation with two university soccer teams. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 420-431. 

Watson, C.B., & Chemers, M.M. (1998). The rise of shared perceptions: A multi-level analysis of collective efficacy. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Academy of Management, Sam Diego, CA. 

Watson, J., Martin Ginis, K., & Spink, K. (2004). Team building in an exercise class for the elderly. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 28, 35-47. 

Weinberg, R. S., &Gould, D. (2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. (7th ed.). Human Kinetics 

Weinstein, C. (1991). The classroom as a social context for learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 42,493-525. 

Whitton, S. M., & Fletcher, R. B. (2014). The Group Environment Questionnaire: A multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. Small Group Research, 45(1), 68–88. 

Widmeyer, W. N., Carron, A. V., & Brawley, L. R. (1993). Group cohesion in sport and exercise. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphy, &L. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of research on Sport psychology. 672-692. Macmillan. 

Wiersma, W., & Jurs,S. G. (2009). Research method in education: An introduction. (9th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. 

Wildman, J. C., Jr. (2006). The athlete leader role: Interaction of gender, sport type, and coaching style. (Publication No. 3254234). [Doctoral dissertation, North Texas University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. 

William, J.M., Jerome, G.J., Kenow, L.J., Rogers, T., Sartain, T.A., & Darland, G. (2003). Factor structure of the coaching behavior questionnaire and its relationship to athlete variables. The Sport Psychologist, 17, 16 –34. 

Williams, J. M., & Widmeyer, W. N. (1991). The cohesion-performance outcome relationship in a coacting sport. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13, 364­371. 

Williams, T., & Williams, K. (2010). Self-efficacy and performance in mathematics: Reciprocaldeterminismin 33 nations. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(2), 453–466. 

Woodcock, M., &Francis, D. (1994). Team building strategy. Aldershot. 

Yukelson, D. (1997). Principles of effectiveteam-buildinginterventions in sport: A direct services approach at Penn State University. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 73-96. 

Yusof, A., &Vasuthevan,M. (2007). Group cohesion of Malaysian national junior athletes. International Council for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sport and Dance Journal, 43(1),12-15. 

Zaccaro, S.J., Blair, V., Peterson, C., & Zazanis, M. (1995). Collective efficacy in J.E. Maddux (Ed.), Self-efficacy, adaption and adjusment: Theory, research and application (305-328). Plenu.