Abdallah, O.M. (1993). Lignans in flower buds of Magnolia saulangiana. Phytochemistry, 34(4), 1185-1187. 

Abdulrahman, M.D., Ali,A.M., NurFatihah, H.N., Khandaker, M.M. &Nashriyah, M. (2018). Traditional medicinal knowledge of Malays in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal, 70(3), 349-364. 

Abozenadah, H., Bishop, A., Bittner, S., Lopez, O., Wiley, C. & Flatt, P.M. (2017). Consumer Chemistry: How organic chemistry impacts our lives. CC BY-NC­SA.Retrieved on 2 Jun 2021 from https://wou.edu/chemistry/courses/online­chemistry-textbooks/ch105-consumer-chemistry/ 

Abu Bakar, F.I., Abu Bakar, M.F., Abdullah, N., Endrini, S., & Rahmat, A. (2018). A Reviewof Malaysian medicinal plants with potential anti-inflammatoryactivity. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2018,1-13. 

Abu Shah N., Muse R. & Sukari, M.A. (2009). The fragrance production from callus cultureof gynoeciumand stamen of Michelia alba flower. Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 1(1),77-83. 

Adams, R.P. (2001). Identification of Essential Oil by Gas chromatographyquadrupole/mass spectroscopy, 4th Edition. Allured Publishing Corporation,Carol Stream IL, USA. 

Agar, O.T. &Cankaya, I.I.T. (2020). Analysis of phenylethanoids and their glycosidic derivatives. Recent Advances in Natural Products Analysis, 5, 221-254. 

Agatonovic-Kustrin, S. &Morton,D.W. (2018). TheCurrent and Potential Therapeutic Uses of Parthenolide. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry,61-91. 

Ahmad, H., Sehgal, S., Mishra, A., Gupta, R. & Saraf, S.A. (2012). TLC Detection of ß-sitosterol in Michelia champaca L. Leaves and Stem Bark and it’s Determination by HPTLC. Pharmacognosy Journal, 4(27), 45–-5. 

Ahn, C., Lee, J., Park, M., Kim, J., Yang,J., Yoo, Y., et al (2020).Cytostaticeffects of plant essential oils onhuman skin andlung cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19(3), 2008-2018. 

Ahn, J., Chae, H.S., Pel, P., Kim, Y.M., Choi, Y.H., Kim, J., et al (2021). Dilignans with a chromanol motif discovered by molecular networking from the stem barks of Magnolia obovata and theirproprotein convertasesubtilisin/kexin type 9 expression inhibitoryactivity. Biomolecules, 11(3), 1-14. 

Ali, A., Tabanca, N., Demirci, B., Raman, V., Budel, J.M., Baser, K.H.C., et al (2020). Insecticidal andbitingdeterrent activities of Magnolia grandiflora essential oils and selected pure compounds against Aedes aegypti. Molecules, 25(6), 25061359. 

Alolga, R.N., Chávez León, M.A., Osei-Adjei, G. & Onoja, V. (2019). GC-MS-based metabolomics, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory investigations to characterize the quality of essential oil obtained from dried Xylopia aethiopica fruits from Ghana and Nigeria. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 71, 1544-1552. 

Alsarhan, A., Sultana, N., Alkhatib, A.J. & Kadir, M.R. (2014). Review on some Malaysian traditional medicinal plants with therapeutic properties. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10, 149-159. 

Amit K.A., Chandrashekar D.R. & Shripal M.C. (2019). Natural products in drug discovery. Pharmacognosy-Medicinal Plants, 1-19 

Anquez-Traxler, C. (2011). The legal and regulatory framework of herbal medicinal products in the European Union: A focus on the traditional herbal medicines category. Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science, 45, 15-23. 

Arya, V. & Yadav, J. P. (2011). Antioxidant properties of the methanol extracts of the leaves, seeds, and stems of cassia occidentalis. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5, 547-556. 

Ayaz, M., Sadiq, A., Junaid, M., Ullah, F., Subhan, F. & Ahmed, J. (2017). Neuroprotective and anti-aging potentials of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 9, 168. 

Baek, Y.S., Seo, K.H., Lee, D.Y., Kwon, O.K. & Baek, N.I. (2016). A new neolignan, isoobovatol, from the fruits of Magnolia obovata. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 52(6), 986-988. 

Baez, D., Pino, J.A. & Morales, D. (2012). Volatiles from Magnolia grandiflora flowers: Comparative analysis bysimultaneous distillation-extraction and solid phase micro extraction. Natural Product Communications, 7(2), 237-238. 

Bajpai, V.K. & Kang, S.C. (2012). In vitro and in vivo inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by essential oil and extracts of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14(4), 845-856. 

Bajpai, V.K., Rahma, A., Dung, N.T., Huh, M.K. & Kang, S.C. (2008). In vitro inhibition of food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria by essential oil and leaf extracts of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Journal of Food Science, 73(6), 314-320. 

Bajpai, V.K., Yoon, J.I. & Kang, S.C. (2009). Antioxidant and antidermatophytic activities of essential oil and extracts of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(10), 2606-2612. 

Bang, K.H., Kim, Y.K., Min, B.S., Na, M.K., Rhee, Y.H., Lee, J.P., et al (2000). Antifungal activityof magnololand honokiol.Archives of Pharmacal Research, 23(1), 46-49. 

Barros, L.F.L., Barison, A., Salvador, M.J., Mello-Silva, R. de, Cabral, E.C., Eberlin, M.N., et al (2009). Constituents of the leaves of Magnolia ovata. Journal of Natural Products, 72(8),1529-1532. 

Barros, L.F.L., Ehrenfried, C.A., Riva, D., Barison, A., De Mello-Silva, R. & Stefanello, M.E.A. (2012). Essential oil and other constituents from Magnolia ovata fruit. Natural Product Communications, 7(10), 1365-1367. 

Baschieri, A., Pulvirenti, L., Muccilli, V., Amorati, R. & Tringali, C. (2017). Chain-breaking antioxidant activity of hydroxylated and methoxylated magnolol derivatives: Theroleof H-bonds.Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry,15(29), 6177-6184. 

Bernaskova, M., Kretschmer, N., Schuehly, W., Huefner, A., Weis, R. & Bauer, R. (2014). Synthesis of tetrahydrohonokiol derivates and their evaluation for cytotoxic activity against ccrf-cem leukemia, u251 glioblastoma and hct-116 colon cancer cells. Molecules, 19(1), 1223-1237. 

Bolyard, J.L. (1981). Medicinal Plants and Home Remedies of Appalachia. Illinois, Springfield: Charles C Thomas. 

Britannica, T. (2019). Magnolia. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 21April2021 from https://www.britannica.com/plant/magnolia-plant. 

Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-A review. International Journal of Food Microbiology,94(3), 223-253. 

Bushnell, D.I. (1909). The Chocktaw of Bayou Lacomb St. Tammany Parish Louisiana. Washington: Government Printing Office. 

Cao, Y., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Ren, Y., Liu, Y., et al. (2020). Alkaloids and lignans with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from the flower buds of: Magnolia biondii Pamp. New Journal of Chemistry, 44(25), 10309-10316. 

Chen, C.H., Chen, H.C., Chang, W.T., Lee, M.S., Liu, Y.C. & Lin, M.K. (2020). Magnoliae flos essential oilas an immunosuppressant in dendriticcellactivation and contact hypersensitivity responses. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 48(3), 597-613. 

Chen, C.Y., Huang, L.Y., Chen, L.J., Lo, W.L., Kuo, S.Y., Wang, Y.D., et al (2008). Chemical constituents from the leaves of Michelia alba. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 44, 137-139. 

Chen, F., Zu, Y. &Yang,L. (2015). A novel approach forisolation of essential oilfrom fresh leaves of Magnolia sieboldii using microwave-assisted simultaneous distillation and extraction. Separation and Purification Technology, 154, 271­280. 

Chiou, W.F., Shen, C.C., Yu, H.J., Chiang, C.H., Chen, C.C., Chang, W., et al (2005). Total synthesis and antioxidative activity of magnolamide from Magnolia coco. Heterocycles, 65(5), 1215. 

Choi, M.S., Lee, S.H., Cho, H.S., Kim, Y., Yun, Y.P., Jung, H.Y., et al (2007). Inhibitory effect of obovatol on nitric oxide production and activation of NF­.B/MAP kinases in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7cells. European Journal of Pharmacology, 556(1-3), 181-189. 

Chouna, J.R., Nkeng-Efouet, P.A., Lenta, B.N., Devkota, K.P., Neumann, B., Stammler, H.G., et al (2009). Antibacterial endiandric acid derivatives from Beilschmiedia anacardioides. Phytochemistry, 70, 684-688. 

Chun, H.W., Kim, S.J., Pham, T.H., Bak, Y., Oh, J., Ryu, H.W., et al. (2019). Epimagnolin A inhibits IL-6 production by inhibiting p38/NF-.B and AP-1 signalingpathways in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. Environmental Toxicology, 34(7), 796-803. 

Chung, C.Y., Kuo, W.L., Hwang, T.L., Chung, M.I.&Chen, J.J. (2015). Biphenyl-type neolignan derivatives from the twigs of Magnolia denudata and their anti­inflammatoryactivity. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 12(8), 1263-1270. 

Chung, N.T., Huong, L.T. &Ogunwande, I. (2020). Antimicrobial, larvicidal activities and composition of the leaf essential oil of Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC. Records of Natural Products, 14(5), 372-377. 

Corre, C. & Challis, G.L. (2009). New natural product biosynthetic chemistry discovered bygenome mining. Natural Product Reports, 26(8), 977-986. 

Dai, R., Niu, M.,Wang, N. & Wang, Y.(2021).Syringin alleviates ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in BALB/c mice asthma model via NF-.B signaling pathway. Environmental Toxicology, 36(3), 433-444. 

Davé, P.C., Vogler, B. & Setzer, W.N. (2012). Composition of the floral essential oil of Magnolia grandiflora L. (Magnoliaceae): Intraspecific and floral maturity variations. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 15(5), 694-702. 

Diaz-Maroto, M., Perez-Coello, M. & Cabezudo M. (2002). Effect of different drying methods on the volatile components of parsley Petroselinum crispum L. European Food Research and Technology, 215, 227-230. 

Djilani, A., & Dicko, A. (2012).Nutrition, well-being and health: The therapeutic benefits of essential oils. IntechOpen, 7, 1-26. 

Du, J., Wang, M.L., Chen, R.Y. & Yu, D.Q. (2001). Chemical constituents from the leaves of Magnolia denudata. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, 3(4), 313-319. 

Emerald, M., Emerald, A., Emerald, L. & Kumar, V. (2016). Perspective of natural products in skincare. Pharmacy and Pharmacology International Journal, 4(3), 72. 

Emma, L., Walsh, S.A. & John J.W. (2012). Nature’s Migraine Treatment: Isolation and StructureElucidationof Parthenolidefrom Tanacetum parthenium.Journal of Chemical Education, 89(1), 134-137. 

Evans, W.C. (2009). Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. (16th ed.). New York: Elsevier. 

Everette, J. D., Bryant, Q. M., Green, A. M., Abbey, Y. A., Wangila, G. W. & Walker, R. B. (2010). Thorough study of reactivity of various compound classes toward the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 58(14), 8139–8144. 

Fang, C.Y., Chen, S.J., Wu, H.N., Ping, Y.H., Lin, C.Y., Shiuan, D., et al (2015). Honokiol, a lignan biphenol derived from the Magnolia tree, inhibits dengue virus type 2 infection. Viruses, 7(9), 4894-4910. 

Fang, H.J., Song, W.Z. & Yan, Y.P. (1987). Analysis and comparison of the constituents of the volatile oil from the flower buds and twigs of Magnolia sprengeri Pamp. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 22(12), 908-912. 

Fang, J.Y., Tsai, T.H., Hung, C.F. &Wong, W.W. (2004). Development and evaluation of the essential oil from Magnolia fargesii for enhancing the transdermal absorption of the ophylline and cianidanol. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 56(12), 1493-1500. 

Farag, M.A.&Al-Mahdy, D. (2013). A comparativestudyof thechemical composition and biological activities of Magnolia grandiflora and Magnolia virginiana flower essential oils. Natural Product Research, 27(12), 1091-1097. 

Freund, R., Gobrecht, P., Rao, Z., Gerstmeier, J., Schlosser, R., Görls, H., et al (2019). Stereoselective total synthesis of parthenolides indicates target selectivity for tubulin carboxypeptidase activity. Chemical science, 10(31), 7358-7364. 

Frodin, D. &Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist and Bibliography of Magnoliaceae. Kew Publishing. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. 

Fujita, S., Ishimatsu, Y. & Fujita, Y. (1977). Miscellaneous contributions to the essential oils of the plants from various territories. XLII. On the components of the essential oils of Magnolia denudata Desr. Yakugaku Zasshi, 97(11), 1216­1218. 

Fujita, S.I. & Fujita, Y. (1974). Comparative biochemical and chemo-taxonomical studies of the essential oils of Magnolia salicifolia MAXIM. II. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 22(3), 707-709. 

Fujita, S.I. & Fujita, Y. (1975). Comparative biochemical and chemo-taxonomical studies of the essential oils of Magnolia salicifolia Maxim. III. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 23(10), 2443-2445. 

Fujita, S.I. (1989). Components of the essential oil of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 53(9), 2523-2526. 

Fujita, Y., Kikuchi, M. & Fujita, S.I. (1975). Miscellaneous data on essential oils of plants from various territories. XXXVII components of essential oils of Magnolia kobus DC. var. Borealis Sarg.(I) (Japanese). Yakugaku Zasshi,95(2), 241-242.  

Fujita, Y., Kikuchi, M. & Fujita, S.I. (1975). Miscellaneous data on essential oils of plants from various territories. XXXVI components of essential oils of Magnolia kobus DC. (II) (Japanese). Yakugaku Zasshi, 95(2), 162-165.  

Fujita, Y., Kikuchi, M. & Fujita, S.I. (1975). Miscellaneous data on essential oils of plants from various territories. XXXVcomponents of essential oils of Magnolia kobus DC. (I) (Japanese). Yakugaku Zasshi, 95(2), 235-237. 

Gao, X.,Shen, Y.,Yang,L.,Shu, L., Li, G.&Hu,Q.F. (2012).8-O-4'-Neolignansfrom flower buds of Magnolia fargesii and their biological activities. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 23(7), 1274-1279. 

Garg, S.N. & Kumar, S. (1999). Volatile constituents from the flowers of Magnolia grandiflora L. From Lucknow, India. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(5), 633-634. 

Ghosh, D., Chaudhary, N., Uma Kumari, K., Singh, J., Tripathi, P., Meena, A., et al. (2021). Diversity of essential oil-secretorycells and oil composition in flowers and buds of Magnolia sirindhorniae and its biological activities. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 18(1), e2000750. 

Goldstein, I.S. (Ed.). (2017). Organic Chemicals from Biomass (1st ed.). CRC Press. 318. 

Guerra-Boone, L., Alvarez-Roman, R., Salazar-Aranda, R., Torres-Cirio, A., Rivas-Galindo, V.M., De Torres, N.W., et al. (2013). Chemical compositions and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from Magnolia grandiflora, Chrysactinia mexicana, and Schinus molle found in Northeast Mexico. Natural Product Communications, 8(1),135-138. 

Gullece, M., Aslan, A., Sokmen, M., Sahin, F., Adiguzel, A., Agar, G. & Sokmen, A (2006). Screening the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the lichen Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Ramalina pollinaria, Ramalina polymorpha and Umbilicaria nylanderian. Phytomedicine, 13,515-521. 

Ha, C.T.T., Thai, T.H., Hien, N.T., Anh, H.T.V., Diep, L.N., Thuy, D.T.T., et al.(2019). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf and twig essential oils of Magnolia hypolampra growing in Na Hang Nature Reserve, Tuyen Quang Province of Vietnam. Natural Product Communications, 14(6), 1-7. 

Ha, C.T.T., Thuy, D.T.T., Nam, V.Q., Tam, N.K.B. & Setzer, W.N. (2021). Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from leaves and twigs of Magnolia hookeri var. longirostrata D.X.LI & R. Z. Zhou and Magnolia insignis Wall. in Ha Giang province of Vietnam. Records of Natural Products, 15(3), 207-212. 

Han, Y., Liu, J., Ahn, S., An, S., Ko, H., Shin, J.C., et al (2020). Diallyl biphenyl-type neolignans have a pharmacophore of ppara/. dual modulators. Biomolecules and Therapeutics, 28(5), 397-404. 

Handa, S.S., Khanuja, S.P.S., Longo, G. & Rakesh, D.D. (2008). Extraction technologies for medicinal and aromatic plants.International Centrefor Science and High Technology. 

Haraguchi, H., Ishikawa, H., Shirataki, N. & Fukuda, A. (1997). Antiperoxidative activity of neolignans from Magnolia obovata. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 49(2), 209-212. 

He, S.M., Liang, Y.L., Cong, K., Chen, G., Zhao, X., Zhao, Q.M., et al (2018). Identification and characterization of genes involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Coptis species. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9, 731. 

Herman, R., Ayepa, E., Fometu, S. & Wang, J. (2019). Essential Oils and Their Applications -A Mini Review. Advances In Nutrition & Food Science, 4(4), 1­13. 

Herrick, J.W. &Snow, D.R. (1995). Iroquois medical botany. Syracuse, N.Y: Syracuse University Press. 

Hosokawa, Y., Hosokawa, I., Ozaki, K. & Matsuo, T. (2018). Honokiol and magnolol inhibit CXCL10 and CXCL11 production in IL-27-stimulated human oral epithelial cells. Inflammation, 41(6), 2110-2115. 

Hu, M., Bai, M., Ye, W., Wang, Y. & Wu, H. (2018). Variations in volatile oil yield and composition of “Xin-yi” Magnolia biondii Pamp. Flower buds at different growth stages. Journal of Oleo Science, 67(6), 779-787. 

Hua, X.G., Ah, K.J., Hee, P.S., Ryang, S.A., Soo, C.T., Wook, C.H., et al. (2004). Isolation of melanin biosynthesis inhibitory compounds from the flowers of Magnolia denudata. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2), 152-156. 

Hui, W.H., Ko,P.D.S., Lee, Y.K., Li, M.M.&Arthur, H.R. (1975). Triterpenoidsfrom theten Lithocarpus species of Hong Kong. Phytochemistry, 14, 1063-1066. 

Irshad, M., Ali Subhani, M., Ali, S. & Hussain, A. (2020). Essential oils-oils of nature: Biological importance of essential oils. IntechOpen, 3, 1-18. 

Jadid, N., Hidayati, D.,Hartanti, S. R., Arraniry,B. A., Rachman, R. Y. &Wikanta, W. (2017). Antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of Piper retrofractum Vahl. using DPPH assay. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1854(1), 020019. 

Jeong, E.S., Choi,K.Y., Kim, S.C.,Son, I.S., Cho, H.E., Ahn, S.Y., et al.(2009). Pattern recognition of the herbal drug, Magnoliae flos according to their essential oil components. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 30(5), 1121-1126. 

Jingyun Z., Xiaoming Y., Meenu M. & Baojun X. (2018). Total phenolics and antioxidants profiles of commonly consumed edible flowers in China. International Journal of Food Properties, 21(1), 1524-1540. 

Jo, S.J., Park, M.J., Guo, R.H., Park, J.U., Yang, J.Y. & Kim, J.W., et al. (2018). Antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects of 15 tree essential oils. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology,50(5), 535-542. 

Johari, M. A. & Khong, H. Y. (2019). Total phenolic content and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pereskia bleo.Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2019,1–4. 

Johnson, K.S., Scriber, J.M.&Nair, M.(1996). Phenylpropenoid phenolics in sweetbay Magnolia as chemical determinants of host use in saturniid silkmoths(Callosamia). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22(11), 1955-1969. 

Jung, K.Y., Kim, D.S., Oh, S.R., Park, S.H., Lee, I.S., Lee, J.J., et al. (1998). Magnone A and B, novel anti-PAF tetrahydrofuran lignans from the flower buds of Magnolia fargesii. Journal of Natural Products, 61(6), 808-811. 

Kameoka, H., Murakami, K. & Miyazawa, M. (1994). Composition of the bark oil of Magnolia obovata Thunb. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6(6), 555-560. 

Kang, H., Ahn, D.H., Pak, J.H., Seo, K.H., Baek, N.I. & Jang, S.W. (2016). Magnobovatol inhibits smooth muscle cell migration bysuppressing PDGF-Rß phosphorylation and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 37(5), 1239-1246. 

Kang, Y.J., Chung, H.J., Min, H.Y., Song, J., Park, H.J., Youn, U.J., et al (2012). G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and activation of caspases in honokiol-mediated growth inhibition of human gastric cancer cells. Natural Product Sciences, 18(1), 16­21. 

Kang, Y.J., Park, H.J., Chung, H.J., Min, H.Y., Park, E.J., Lee, M.A., et al (2012). Wnt/ß-catenin signaling mediates the antitumor activity of magnolol in colorectal cancer cells. Molecular Pharmacology, 82(2), 168-177. 

Kato, N., Kawabe, S., Ganeko, N., Yoshimura, M., Amakura, Y. & Ito, H. (2017). Polyphenols from flowers of Magnolia coco and their anti-glycation effects. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 81(7), 1285-1288. 

Khairan, K., Septiya, S. & Murniana. (2021). Antibacterial activity of Magnolia alba flower extracts on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 711(1), 012017. 

Khare, C.P. (2008). Indian medicinal plants: an illustrated dictionary. New York: Springer Science &Business Media. 

Khattree, R. &Naik, D.N. (2000). Multivariate data reduction and discrimination with SAS Software. SAS Institute Inc. 

Kijjoa, A., Pinto, M.M.M., Tantisewie, B. & Herz, W. (1989). A biphenyl type neolignan and a biphenyl ether from Magnolia henryi. Phytochemistry, 28(4), 1284-1286. 

Kim, G.D., Bae, S.Y., Park, H.J., Bae, K. & Lee, S.K. (2012). Honokiol inhibits vascular vessel formation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells via thesuppression of PECAM and MAPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 30(3),758-770. 

Kim, G.D., Oh, J., Park, H.J., Bae, K. & Lee, S.K. (2013). Magnolol inhibits angiogenesisbyregulatingROS-mediated apoptosis and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathwayin mES/EB-derived endothelial-like cells. International Journal of Oncology, 43(2), 600-610. 

Kim, J. S., Kim, J. Y., Lee, H. J., Lim, H. J., Lee, D. Y., Kim, D. H., et al. (2010). Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by furfuran lignans from flower buds of Magnolia fargesii in BV-2 microglial cells. Phytotherapy Research: PTR, 24(5), 748-753. 

Kim, S. K. &Karadeniz, F. (2012).Biological importanceand applications of squalene and squalane. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 65, 223–233. 

Konoshima, T., Kozuka, M., Tokuda, H., Nishino, H., Iwashima, A., Haruna, M., Ito, 

K. & Tanabe, M. (1991). Studies on inhibitors of skin tumor promotion, IX. Neolignans from Magnolia officinalis.Journal of Natural Products,54(3), 816­822. 

Kumar, A., Kumar Singh, U.&Chaudhary, A.(2013). Honokiol analogs: Anovel class of anticancer agents targeting cell signaling pathways and other bioactivities. Future Medicinal Chemistry, 5(7), 809-829. 

Kuo, W.L., Chung, C.Y., Hwang, T.L. & Chen, J.J. (2013). Biphenyl-type neolignans from Magnolia officinalis and their anti-inflammatory activities. Phytochemistry, 85, 153-160. 

Kurek, J. (2019). Alkaloids -Their Importancein Natureand Human Life. IntechOpen, 1, 1-9. 

Kuribara, H., Kishi, E., Hattori, N., Okada, M. &Maruyama, Y. (2000). Theanxiolytic effect oftwo oriental herbal drugs in Japanattributed to honokiolfrom Magnolia bark. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 52(11), 1425-9. 

Kurkin, V.A. (2003). Phenylpropanoids from medicinal plants: distribution, classification, structural analysis, and biological activity. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 39,123-153. 

Kuroyanagi, M., Yoshida, K., Yamamoto, A. &Miwa, M. (2000). Bicyclo[3.2.1]octane and 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane type neolignans from Magnolia denudata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 48(6), 832-837. 

Kuspradini, H., Putri, A.S., Egra, S. & Yanti. (2019). In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from twelve aromatic plants from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20(7), 2039-2042. 

Lee, G.E., Lee, C.J., An, H.J., Kang, H.C., Lee, H.S., Lee, J.Y., et al. (2021). Fargesin inhibits egf-induced cell transformation and colon cancer cell growth by suppression of CDK2/cyclin E signaling pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(4),1-18. 

Lee, J., Lee, D., Jang, D.S., Nam, J.W., Kim, J.P., Park, K.H., et al. (2007). Two new stereoisomers of tetrahydrofuranoid lignans from the flower buds of Magnolia fargesii. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 55(1), 137-139. 

Lee, J., Seo, E.K., Jang, D.S., Ha, T.J., Jong-Pyung, K.I.M., Nam, J.W., et al. (2009). Two new stereoisomers of neolignan and lignan from the flower buds of Magnolia fargesii. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 57(3), 298-301. 

Lee, S. U., Ryu, H. W., Lee, S., Shin, I. S., Choi, J.H., Lee, J. W., et al.(2018). Lignans isolated from flower buds of Magnolia fargesii attenuate airway inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in vitro and in vivo. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 970. 

Lee, S.H., Fei, X., Lee, C., Do, H.T.T., Rhee, I. &Seo, S.Y.(2019). Synthesisof either C2-or C4'-alkylated derivatives of honokiol and their biological evaluation for anti-inflammatoryactivity. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 67(9), 966­976. 

Lee, Y.J., Lee, Y. M., Lee, C.K., Jung, J.K., Han, S.B. &Hong, J.T. (2011). Therapeutic applications of compounds in the Magnolia family. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 130(2), 157–176. 

Li, F., Tian, L.,Shao, J. & Zhu, G.(2000).Analysisof chemical constituents of essential oil in purple Magnolia leaves bygas chromatography-massspectrometry. Fenxi Huaxue, 28(7), 831-832. 

Li, H.M., Li, B., Ma, H., Sun, X., Zhu, M., Dai, Y., et al(2020). Bishonokiol a induces multiple cell death in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21(4), 1073-1080. 

Li, H.M., Zhao, S.R., Huo, Q., Ma, T., Liu, H., Lee, J.K., et al (2015). A new dimeric neolignan from Magnolia grandiflora L. seeds. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 38(6), 1066-1071. 

Li, J., Tanaka, M., Kurasawa, K., Ikeda, T. &Nohara, T. (2005). Lignan and neolignan derivatives from Magnolia denudata. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53(2), 235-237. 

Li, J., Tanaka, M., Kurasawa, K., Ikeda, T. &Nohara, T. (2007). Studies of thechemical constituents of the flower buds of Magnolia kobus and M. salicifolia. Journal of Natural Medicines, 61(2), 222-223. 

Li, J., Yang, G., Mei, Z., Huang, X. & Zhang, H. (2015) Study on C6-C3 skeleton derivatives from the flower buds of Magnolia denudata. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 27(2), 463-466. 

Li, R., Chen, W.C., Wang, W.P., Tian, W.Y. & Zhang, X.G. (2010). Analysis of the essential oilof Magnolia and its effect on antioxidant enzyme activity, sCD40L and phosphorylate-activate Akt protein levels in gastric cancer mice. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 19(9), 1203-1209. 

Lin, I.J., Lo, W.L., Chia, Y.C., Huang, L.Y., Cham, T.M., Tseng, W.S., et al (2010). Isolation of new esters from the stems of Cinnamomum reticulatum Hay. Natural product research, 24(8), 775-780. 

Lin, Y., Li, Y., Zeng, Y., Tian, B., Qu, X., Yuan, Q., et al (2021). Pharmacology, toxicity, bioavailability, and formulation of magnolol: An update. Frontiers in pharmacology, 12, 632767. 

Liu, S.Y., Wang, G.Q., Liang, Z.Y. & Wang, Q.A. (2013).Synthesis of dihydrobenzofuran neoligans licarin a and dihydrocarinatin as well as related triazolylglycosides. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 29(6), 1119­1124. 

Lockwood, G.B. (2001). Techniques for gas chromatography of volatile terpenoids from a range of matrices. Journal of Chromatography A, 936(1-2), 23-31. 

Lovecká, P., Svobodová, A., Macurková, A., Vrchotová, B., Demnerová, K. & Wimmer, Z. (2020). Decorative magnolia plants: A comparison of the content of their biologically active components showing antimicrobial effects. Plants, 9(7), 1-9. 

Lu, J.J., Dang, Y.Y., Huang, M., Xu, W.S., Chen, X.P. & Wang, Y.T. (2012). Anti­cancer properties of terpenoids isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae: A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 143(2), 406-411. 

Lu, J.Q., Xu, Y.T., Zhan, X.L., Wan, W., He, X.F., Wu, D.H., et al (2008). Analysis of the chemical constituents of essential oil from Magnolia biondii by GC-MS. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials, 31(11), 1649-1651. 

Luo, M., Sun, J., Zhang, B. &Jiang, L. (2012). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Magnolia grandiflora L. seed. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 17(3), 249-254. 

Ma, B., Lou, T., Wang, T., Li, R., Liu, J., Yu, S., et al (2021). Development of a UHPLC-MS/MS-based data-mining method for rapid profiling and characterization of magnolol metabolites in rat urine and plasma. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(2),102954. 

Ma, Y.L., Huang, Q. & Han, G.Q. (1996). A neolignan and lignans from Magnolia biondii. Phytochemistry, 41(1), 287-288. 

Ma, Z.J., Lu, L., Yang, J.J., Wang, X.X., Su, G., Wang, Z.L., et al.(2018).Lariciresinol induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells via mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. European Journal of Pharmacology, 821,1-10. 

Mabberley, D.J. (2017). Mabberley’s Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, Their Classification and Uses.Cambridge University Press. 

Manvitha, K. & Bidya, B. (2014). Aloe vera: a wonder plant its history, cultivation and medicinal uses. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(5), 85-88. 

Manvitha, K.&Bidya, B. (2014). Aloevera: awonder plant its history, cultivation and medicinal uses. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(5), 85-88. 

Matsuda, H., Kageura, T., Oda, M., Morikawa, T., Sakamoto, Y. & Yoshikawa, M. (2001). Effects of constituents from the bark of Magnolia obovata on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 49(6), 716-720. 

Matsutani, H. & Shiba, T. (1975). Tyramine from Magnolia species. Phytochemistry, 4, 1132-1133. 

Michaux, M.D. (1805). Travels to the Westward of the Allegany Mountains in the States of the Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. London: Richard Phillips. 

Mimica-Dukic, N., Orcic, D., Lesjak, M. &Šibul, F. (2016). Essential Oils as Powerful Antioxidants: Misconception or ScientificFact?Medicinal and Aromatic Crops: Production. Phytochemistry and Utilization, 12, 187–208. 

Min, B.S.(2008).Anti-complement activityof phenoliccompoundsfrom the stem bark of Magnolia obovata. Natural Product Sciences, 14(3), 196-201. 

Mitra, R., Orbell, J. & Muralitharan, M. (2007). Medicinal plants of Malaysia. Asia Pacific Biotech News, 11(2), 105-110. 

Miyaochi, T. & Ozawa, S. (1998). Formation of (+)-eudesmin in Magnolia kobus DC. var. Borealis sarg. Phytochemistry, 47(4), 665-670. 

Miyazawa,M., Ishikawa,Y., Kasahara, H., Yamanaka, J.I. &Kameoka,H.(1994). An insect growth inhibitory lignan from flower buds of Magnolia fargesii. Phytochemistry, 35(3), 611-613. 

Miyazawa, M., Kasahara,H. &Kameoka, H. (1992). Phenoliclignans from flower buds of Magnolia fargesii. Phytochemistry, 31(10), 3666-3668. 

Miyazawa, M., Nakashima, Y., Nakahashi, H., Hara, N., Nakagawa, H., Usami, A., et al (2015). Volatile compounds with characteristic odor of essential oil from Magnolia obovata leaves by hydrodistillation and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation. Journal Oleo of Science, 64(9), 999-1007. 

Moerman, D.E. (1998). Native American Ethnobotany. Oregon: Timber Press. 

Monthong, W., Pitchuanchom, S., Nuntasaen, N. & Pompimon, W. (2011). (+)­syringaresinol lignan from new species Magnolia thailandica. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 8(12), 1268-1271. 

Morais, T.R., Conserva, G.A.A.&Varela, M.T.(2020). Improvingthedrug-likeness of inspiring natural products -evaluation of the antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi through semi-synthetic and simplified analogues of licarin A. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 5467. 

Morshedloo, M.R., Quassinti, L., Bramucci, M., Lupidi, G. & Maggi, F. (2017). Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicityon tumour cells of the essential oilfrom flowers of Magnolia grandiflora cultivated in Iran. Natural Product Research, 31(24), 2857-2864. 

Muraoka, O., Sawada, T., Morimoto, E. & Tanabe, G. (1993). Chalcones as synthetic intermediates, a facile route to (±)-Magnosalicin, an antiallergy neolignan. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 41 (4), 772-774. 

Myers, V.R. (2020). Common species of Magnolia trees and shrubs. Retrieved on 21 April 2021 from https://www.thespruce.com/twelve-species-magnolia-trees­and-shrubs-3269666. 

Naeem, A., Abbas, T., Ali, T.M. & Hasnain, A. (2018). Essential Oils: Brief Background and Uses. Ann Short Reports, 1(1), 1006. 

Nagasawa, M., Murakami, T., Ikeda, K. & Hisada, Y. (1969). The geographical variation of essential oils of flos Magnoliae. Yakugaku Zasshi, 89(4), 454-9. 

Nasution, R., Azwar, A., Helwati, H., & Marianne, M. (2019). Antibacterial activities of perfume: combination flower Magnolia alba, Cananga odorata and Mimusops elengi L, fixed with pogostemon cablin oil. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2(1),19-23. 

National Parks. (2020). Magnoliaceae: Magnolia villosa. Flora, 7(4), 7467. 

Nguyen, T.T.M., Lee, H.S., Nguyen, T.T., Ngo, T.Q.M., Jun, C.D., Min, B.S., et al (2017). Four new lignans and IL-2 inhibitors from magnoliae flos.Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 65(9), 840-847. 

Nie, J.Y., Li, R., Jiang, Z.T., Wang, Y., Tan, J., Tang, S.H., et al (2020). Screeningand evaluation of radical scavenging active compounds in the essential oil from Magnolia biondii Pampby electronicnose coupled with chemical methodology. Industrial Crops and Products, 144, 112060. 

Nie, W., Ding,L.-F., Lei,T., Liu, Z.X.,Li,J.D., Song, L.D., et al(2021).Biphenyl-type neolignans with NO inhibitory activity from the fruits of Magnolia tripetala. Phytochemistry Letters, 44, 222-226. 

Ninh, P.T., Ha, C.T.T., Thai, T.H., Hanh, N.P., Khang, N.S., Dung, N.T., et al (2020). Chevalierinol A and B, two new neolignan sesquiterpenoids from Magnolia chevalieri. Natural Product Research, 35(21), 3745–3751. 

Nooteboom, H. & Chalermglin, P. (2000). A new species of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) from Thailand. Blumea: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, 45, 245-247. 

Noshita, T., Kiyota, H., Kidachi, Y., Ryoyama, K., Funayama, S., Hanada, K. & Murayama, T. (2009). New cytotoxic phenolic derivatives from matured fruits of Magnolia denudata. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 73(3), 726-728. 

Okon, E., Kukula-Koch, W., Jarzab, A., Halasa, M., Stepulak, A. & Wawruszak, A. (2020). Advances in chemistry and bioactivity of magnoflorine and magnoflorine-containing extracts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1330. 

Osman, W., Ibrahim, M., Adam, M., Mothana, R., Mohammed, M., Abdoon, I., et al (2019). Isolation and characterization of four terpenoidal compounds with potential antimicrobial activity from Tarconanthus camphorantus L. (Asteraceae). Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences, 11(4), 373–379. 

Oyungerel, B., Lim, H., Lee, C.H., Choi, E.H., Li, G.H. & Choi, K.D. (2014). Anti-inflammatory effects of Magnolia sieboldii extract in lipopolysaccharide­stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(6), 913-918. 

Paiva, M.R.B.D., Vasconcelos-Santos, D.V.D., Coelho, M.M., MacHado, R.R., Lopes, N.P., Silva-Cunha, A., et al (2021). Licarin A as a novel drug for inflammatory eye diseases. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 37(5), 290­300. 

Park, I.S., Funada, R., Kondo, S., Kajita, S. & Kubo, T. (2009). Quantitative determination of magnolol in the callus from petioles and mature seeds of Magnolia obovata. Journal of the Japan Wood Research Society, 55(3), 163­169. 

Perry, E. &Perry, N.(2006). Aromatherapyinthe management of psychiatric disorders: clinical and neuropharmacological perspectives. CNS Drugs, 20(4), 257-280. 

Pham, T.H., Kim, M.S., Le, M.Q., Song, Y.S., Bak, Y., Ryu, H.W., et al. (2017). Fargesin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in THP-1 monocytes by suppressing PKC-dependent AP-1 and NF-.B signalling. Phytomedicine, 24, 96-103. 

Popa, O., Babeanu, N.E., Popa, I., Ni.a, S. & Dinu-Pârvu, C.E. (2015). Methods for obtainingand determination of squalenefrom natural sources. BioMed Research International, 2015,1–16. 

Price, T.D. (1802). An Inaugural Dissertation on Magnolia glauca. Philadelphia, United States: University of Pennsylvania. 

Pu, Q.L.,Pannell, L.K.& Xiao-Duo,J. (1990). Theessential oilofMagnolia officinalis. Planta Medica, 56(1), 129-130. 

Qu, L., Qi, Y., Fan, G. & Wu, Y. (2009). Determination of the volatile oil of Magnolia biondii pamp by GC-MS combined with chemometric techniques. Chromatographia, 70(5-6), 905-914. 

Roberts, M. & Wink, M. (1998). Alkaloids: biochemistry, ecology, and medicinal applications. Journal of Natural Products, 62(4), 664. 

Rodríguez-López, M. I., Mercader-Ros, M. T., Lucas-Abellán, C., Pellicer, J.A., Pérez-Garrido, A., Pérez-Sánchez, H., et al (2020). Comprehensivecharacterization of linalool-HP-ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Molecules, 25(21), 5069. 

Sadiq, I.S.(2018). A review of natural products chemistry-their distribution, effects and usageto man. Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 265-276. 

Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., Khong, H.Y. & Zulkifli, R.M. (2016). Essential oil compositions of Malaysian Lauraceae: A mini review. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 60-67. 

Salleh, W.M.N.H.W., Ahmad, F., Khong, H.Y. & Zulkifli, R.M. (2016). Comparative study of the essential oils of three Beilschmiedia species and their biological activities. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51, 240-249. 

Sarker, S.D., Latif, Z., Stewart, M. & Nahar, L. (2002). Phytochemistry of the Genus Magnolia. (1sted.). NewYork: Taylor & Francis. 

Sathya, S., Amarasinghe, N. R., Jayasinghe, L., Araya, H. & Fujimoto, Y. (2020).Enzyme inhibitors from the aril of Myristica fragrans. South African Journal of Botany, 130, 172-176. 

Satiraphan, M., Thai, Q. D., Sotanaphun, U., Sittisombut, C., Michel, S. & Cachet, X. (2015).A new 3,4-seco-cycloartane from the leaves of Hopea odorata Roxb. Natural Product Research, 29(19), 1820-1827. 

Schuehly, W., Voith, W., Teppner, H. & Kunert, O. (2010). Substituted dineolignans from Magnolia garrettii. Journal of Natural Products, 73(8),1381-1384. 

Schühly, W., Hüfner, A., Pferschy-Wenzig, E.M., Prettner, E., Adams, M., Bodensieck, A.,et al(2009). Designand synthesisof ten biphenyl-neolignanderivativesand their in vitro inhibitory potency againstcyclooxygenase-1/2 activity and 5­lipoxygenase-mediated LTB4-formation. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 17(13), 4459-4465. 

Schühly, W., Ross, S.A., Mehmedic, Z. & Fischer, N.H. (2008). Essential oil analysis of the follicles of four North American Magnolia species. Natural Product Communications, 3(7),1117-1119. 

Seo, K.H., Lee, D.Y., Jung, J.W., Lee, D.S., Kim, Y.C., Lee, Y.H., Baek, N.I. (2016). Neolignans from the fruits of Magnolia obovata inhibit NOproduction and have neuroprotectiveeffects. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 99(6), 411-415. 

Seo, S.M., Lee, H.J., Lee, O.K., Jo, H.J., Kang, H.Y., Choi, D.H., et al. (2008). Furofuran lignans from the bark of Magnolia kobus. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 44(4), 419-423. 

Sha, Y.F., Huang, T.M., Shen, S. & Duan, G.L. (2004). Determination of volatile compoundsin Magnolia bark bymicrowave-assisited extraction coupled to head spacesolid-phasemicro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical Sciences, 20(5), 857-859. 

Shahidi, F., & Zhong, Y. (2015). Measurement of antioxidant activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 18, 757–781. 

Shen, Y., Li, C.G., Zhou, S.F., Pang, E.C.K., Story, D.F. & Xue, C.C.L. (2008). Chemistry and bioactivity of Magnoliae flos, a chinese herb for rhinitis and sinusitis. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 15(16), 1616-1627. 

Shih, H.C., Hwang, T.L., Chen, H.C., Kuo, P.C., Lee, E.J., Lee, K.H. & Wu, T.S. (2013). Honokiol dimers and magnolol derivatives with new carbon skeletons from the roots of Magnolia officinalis and theirinhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation and elastase release. Plos One, 8(5), e59502. 

Shih, H.C., Kuo, P.C., Wu, S.J., Hwang, T.L., Hung, H.Y., Shen, D.Y., et al (2016). Anti-inflammatory neolignans from the roots of Magnolia officinalis. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, 24(7), 1439-1445. 

Sima, Y.K., Wang, Q., Cao, L.M., Wang, B.Y. & Wang, Y.H. (2001). Prefoliation features of the Magnoliaceae and their systematic significance. Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 23, 71-78. 

Simpson, D. & Amos, S. (2017).Other Plant Metabolites. Pharmacognosy, 267-280. 

Smelcerovic, A., Djordjevic, A., Lazarevic, J. & Stojanovic, G. (2013). Recent advances in analysis of essential oils. Current Analytical Chemistry, 9(1), 61­70. 

Song, Q. & Fischer, N. (1999). Biologically active lignans and neolignans from Magnolia species. Revista de la Sociedad Química de México. 43(6), 211-218. 

Soon, S.L., Kuk, H.S., Hyun, S.B., Yong, P.K., Sang, H.J. & Yoo, J.K., et al. (2002). Effect of the essential oil from the flowers of Magnolia sieboldii on the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 by rat peritoneal macrophages. Planta Medica, 68(5), 459-462. 

Sowndhararajan, K., Cho, H., Yu, B. & Kim, S. (2016). Comparison of essential oil compositions of fresh anddried fruits ofMagnolia kobus DC.Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 6(4), 146-149. 

Speck, F.G. (1941). A list of plant curatives obtained from the Houma Indians of Louisiana. Primitive Man, 14, 49-75. 

Srinroch, C., Sahakitpichan, P., Chimnoi, N., Ruchirawat, S. & Kanchanapoom, T. (2019). Neolignan and monoterpene glycosides from Magnolia henryi. Phytochemistry Letters, 29, 94-97. 

Stevenson, P.C. & Aslam, S.N. (2006). The Chemistry of The Genus Cicer L. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 33, 905-956. 

Stuart, G.A. (1969). Chinese Materia Medica, 2nd edition.Taipei: Ku TingBook House. 

Sumino, M., Saito, Y., Ikegami, F., Hirasaki, Y. & Namiki, T. (2012). Efficient preparation of hangekobokuto (banxia-houpo-tang) decoction byaddingperilla herb before decoction is finished. Natural Product Communications, 7(12), 1619-1622. 

Sun, G.R., Du, F.G. & Wang, R.J. (2014). Comparison of biomaterials from essential oils in five parts of Magnolia sieboldii. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 442, 142-146. 

Takahashi, H., Yoshioka,S., Kawano, S., Azuma, H. & Fukuyama,Y. (2002). Lignans and sesquiterpenes from Magnolia praecocissima. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 50(4), 541-543. 

Talapatra, B., Chaudhuri, P.K. & Talapatra, S.K. (1982). (-)-Maglifloenone, a novel spirocyclohexadienone neolignan and other constituents from Magnolia liliflora. Phytochemistry, 21(3), 747-750. 

Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Tepe, A.S., Polissiou, M. & Sokmen, A. (2007). Antioxidant activityof theessential oil and various extracts of Nepeta flavida hub-Mor. from Turkey. Food Chemistry, 103(4), 1358-1364. 

Teponno, R.B., Kusari, S. & Spiteller, M. (2016). Recent advances in research on lignans and neolignans. Natural Product Reports, 33(9), 1044-1092. 

Umezawa, T.(2003). Diversityinlignan biosynthesis. Phytochemistry Reviews, 2,371­390. 

Vo, V.C. (2012). Dictionary of Vietnamese medicinal plants. Hanoi, Vietnam: Medicine Publisher. 

Wang, S.M., Zhang, Y.B., Liu, H.M., Yu, G.B. & Wang, K.R. (2007), Mild and selectivedeprotection method of acetylated steroids and diterpenes bydibutyltin oxide. Steroids, 72(1), 26–30. 

Wang, W.S., Lan, X.C., Wu, H.B., Zhong, Y.Z., Li, J., Liu, Y., et al. (2012). Lignans from the flower buds of Magnolia liliflora Desr. Planta Medica,78(2), 141-147. 

Watanabe, K., Watanabe, H., Goto, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Yamamoto, N. & Hagino, K. (1983). Pharmacological properties of magnolol and honokiol extracted from Magnolia officinalis: central depressant effects. Planta Medica, 49, 103-108. 

Wei, Y., Li, B., Duan, H., Wu, X. & Yao, X. (2010). An integrated simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus for the extraction of essential oils from herb materials and its application in Magnoliae flos. Biomedical Chromatography, 24(3), 289-293. 

Wu, H.B., Liu, T.T., Zhang, Z.X., Wang, W.S., Zhu, W.W., Li, L.F., et al. (2018). Leaves of Magnolia liliflora Desr. as a high-potential by-product: Lignans composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-phytopathogenic fungal and phytotoxic activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 125, 416-424. 

Xia, N., Liu, Y. &Nooteboom, H.P. (2018). Magnoliaceae. Flora of China, 7,48. 

Xu, K., Gao, Y., Yang, L., Liu, Y. & Wang, C. (2020). Magnolin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on chondrocytes via the NF-.B pathway for attenuating anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced osteoarthritis. Connective Tissue Research, 1-10. 

Xu, X.N., Tang, Z.H., Liang, Y.Z., Zhang, L.X., Zeng, M.M. & Deng, J.H. (2009). Comparison of the volatile constituents of different parts of cortex Magnolia officinalis by GC-MS combined with chemometric resolution method. Journal of Separation Science, 32(20), 3466-3472. 

Yahara, S., Nishiyori, T., Kohda, A., Nohara, T. & Nishioka, I. (1991). Isolation and characterization of phenolic compounds from Magnoliae cortex produced in China. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 39(8), 2024-2036. 

Yan, R., Yu, S., Liu, H., Xue, Z. & Yang, B. (2015). An HPLC-DAD method for simultaneous quantitative determination of four active hydrophilic compounds inMagnolia officinalis cortex. Journal of Chromatographic Science,53(4), 598­602. 

Yan, Y.F., Yang, C.J., Shang, X.F., Zhao, Z.M., Liu, Y.Q., Zhou, R., et al (2020). Bioassay-guided isolation of two antifungal compounds from Magnolia officinalis, and the mechanismof action of honokiol.Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 170, 104705. 

Yang, C., Li, T., Jiang, L., Zhi, X. & Cao, H. (2020). Semisynthesis and biological evaluation of some novel Mannich base derivatives derived from a natural lignan obovatol as potential antifungal agents. Bioorganic Chemistry, 94, 103469. 

Yang, P.S., Cheng, M.J., Peng, C.F., Chen, J.J. & Chen, I.S. (2009). Endiandric acid analogues from the roots of Beilschmiedia erythrophloia. Journal of Natural Product, 72, 53-58. 

Yang, Y.K., Huang, H.T., Chen, J.H., Hu, Q.F., Li, X.M., Zhou, J., et al (2013). Neolignans from flower buds of Magnolia fargesii and theirantitobacco mosaic virus activities. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25(17), 9610-9612. 

Yashasvi, B. (2021).Magnoliaceae: characters, distribution and affinities.Dicotyledons Biology Discussion. 1, 1-11. 

Ye, S., Sun, J., Pang, K. & Zhang, R. (2017). Analysis on chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobical activities of the essential from the flower of Magnolia grandiflora L. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 32(8), 71-76. 

Yeh, Y.T., Huang, J.C., Kuo, P.L. & Chen, C.Y. (2011). Bioactive constituents from Michelia champaca. Natural Product Communications, 6,1251-2. 

Youn, U., Chen, Q.C., Lee, I.S., Kim, H., Yoo, J.K., Lee, J., et al. (2008). Two new lignans from the stem bark of Magnolia obovata and their cytotoxic activity. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 56, 115-117. 

Youn, U.J., Fatima, N., Chen, Q.C., Chae, S., Hung, T.M. & Min, B.S. (2013).Apoptosis-inducing and antitumor activity of neolignans isolated from Magnolia officinalis in HeLacancer cells. Phytotherapy Research, 27(9),1419­1422. 

Youn, U.J., Lee, I.S., Chen, Q.C., Na, M.K., Jung, H.J., Lee, S.M., et al (2011). A cytotoxic monoterpene-neolignan from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis. Natural Product Sciences, 17(2), 95-99. 

Yu, H.J., Chen, C.C. & Shieh, B.J. (1998). Two new constituents from the leaves of Magnolia coco. Journal of Natural Products, 61(8), 1017-1019. 

Yuan, H., Ma, Q., Ye, L., & Piao, G. (2016). The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules, 21(5), 559. 

Zakaria,M. &Mohd,M.A.(1994).Traditional malay medicinal plants.Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Fajar Bakti, Sdn. Bhd. 

Zein, A. L., Valluru, G. & Georghiou, P. E. (2012). Recent asymmetric syntheses of tetrahydroisoquinolines using “named” and some other newer methods. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 38,53-80. 

Zeng, Z., Xie, R., Zhang, T., Zhang, H. & Chen, J.Y. (2011). Analysis of volatile compositions of Magnolia biondii pamp by steam distillation and headspace solid phase micro-extraction. Journal of Oleo Science, 60(12), 591-596. 

Zha, L., Liu, S., Su, P., Yuan, Y. & Huang, L. (2016). Cloning, prokaryotic expression and functional analysis of squalene synthase (SQS) in Magnolia officinalis. Protein expression and purification, 120, 28–34. 

Zhang, B., Tang, M., Zhang, W., Zhang, C., Ai, Y., Liang, X., et al. (2020). Chemical composition of Blumea balsamifera and Magnolia sieboldii essential oils and prevention of UV-B radiation-induced skin photoaging. Natural Product Research, 28, 1-4. 

Zhang, B., Yu, H., Lu, W., Yu, B., Liu, L., Jia, W., et al. (2019). Four new honokiol derivatives from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis and their anti-cholinesterase activities. Phytochemistry Letters, 29,195-198. 

Zhang, Q.W., Lin, L.G. & Ye, W.C. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine, 13,20. 

Zhang, W.M., Li, B., Han, L. & Zhang, H.D. (2009). Antioxidant activities of extracts from areca (Areca catectu L.) flower, husk and seed. African Journal Biotechnology, 8, 3887-3892. 

Zheng, Y.F., Liu, X.M., Zhang, Q., Lai, F. &Ma, L.(2019). Constituents of theessential oiland fattyacid from rareandendangeredplant Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(1), 141-150. 

Zheng, Y.F., Ren, F., Liu, X.M., Lai, F. & Ma, L. (2016). Comparative analysis of essential oilcomposition from flower and leaf of Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot. Natural Product Research, 30(13), 1552-1556. 

Zhenhong, L. (2011). Chemical analysis of Magnolia liliflora essential oil and its pharmacological function in nursing pregnant women suffering from decubitus ulcer. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(11), 2283-2288. 

Zhi, X.Y., Jiang, L.Y., Li,T., Song,L.L., Wang, Y.,Cao, H., et al(2020). Semisynthesis and insecticidal bioactivities of benzoxazole and benzoxazolone derivatives of honokiol, a naturallyoccurring neolignan derived from Magnolia officinalis. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 30(9), 127086. 

Zmyslowski, A., Sitkowski, J., Bus, K., Ofiara, K. & Szterk, A. (2020). Synthesis and search for 3ß,3'ß-disteryl ethers after high-temperature treatment of sterol-rich samples. Food Chemistry, 329, 127132.