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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Strategi lonjakan Graduan TVET Berkualiti di dalam Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan
Malaysia: Pendidikan Tinggi 2015-2025 (PPPM PT) dibangunkan kerana kesedaran
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) untuk meningkatkan enrolmen TVET dengan
sasaran seramai 656,000 graduan menjelang 2025. Namun demikian, enrolmen pelajar
aliran TVET pada masa kini didapati tidak mencukupi dalam10 daripada 12 sektor
Bidang Ekonomi Utama Negara (NKEA). Tujuan kajian ini ialah untuk menganalisis
strategi yang relevan untuk diimplementasi untuk merealisasikan aspirasi lonjakan
Graduan TVET Berkualiti melalui empat aspek analisis dasar iaitu permasalahan,
pemilihan, pemerhatian dan pencapaian. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang
menggunakan kaedah protokol temu bual dan analisis dokumen dengan bersandarkan
kepada Model of Policy Analysis (Dunn, 1994). Seramai 18 orang peserta kajian yang
terdiri daripada kumpulan pentadbir institusi, tenaga pengajar dan wakil industri telah
ditemu bual dengan berpandukan protokol temu bual separa berstruktur. Dapatan kajian
telah mengenalpasti permasalahan dan isu utama TVET di Malaysia antaranya ialah
pertindihan tadbir urus, kurang kesediaan kerjaya, kurang kemahiran insaniah, kurikulum
tidak berorientasikan industri, perubahan teknologi, kompetensi tenaga pengajar,
kerjasama industri, hala tuju kerjaya yang tidak jelas dan persepsi negatif terhadap
TVET. Dapatan bagi aspek pemilihan pula mendapati strategi seperti kerjasama strategik
institusi-industri, pemurnian tadbir urus, pemerkasaan kemahiran insaniah graduan,
program kompetensi tenaga pengajar dan program promosi TVET mampu
menyelesaikan permasalahan semasa dan isu utama TVET. Analisis bagi aspek
pemerhatian telah mengenalpasti antara impak semasa pelaksanaan strategi ialah
berkaitan peruntukan, pembiayaan pengajian, skim latihan kemahiran, program
peningkatan kemahiran dan latihan semula yang melibatkan tenaga pengajar. Kajian ini
juga telah mengenalpasti strategi baharu yang boleh dilaksanakan bagi mencapai objektif
lonjakan Graduan TVET Berkualiti seperti pengesanan kecenderungan pelajar,
pembudayaan inovasi, program promosi TVET yang berterusan, pemerkasaan tenaga
pengajar dan pendedahan bidang keusahawanan. Justeru kajian ini diharapkan boleh
memberikan implikasi terhadap teori pelaksanaan dasar secara hibrid sekali gus
menyumbang kepada perancangan dan pelaksanaan strategi TVET yang lebih berkesan. |
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