The problem and the aim of the study. The effectiveness of learning in elementary schools is still a major problem for teachers and students in learning activities. This is evidenced by the low interest in student learning which has an impact on students' lack of understanding of learning material. Teachers still find it difficult to find learning variations that can generate interest and experience student activities in learning. The authors propose virtual reality (VR) technology as a solution to increase student interest and learning experience in the hope that it can have a positive effect on student learning effectiveness. Research methods. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a One Group Pretest-Post-test design. The sample used in this study was elementary school students at the fifth-grade level. The sample selection was carried out using simple random sampling from a number of fifth grade students who were the research subjects. The specificity of the.....

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This research aims purposes to design and develop a digital-based e-module with ethnoastronomy content for junior high school students. We used a Design-Based Research (DBS) approach with four steps: needs analysis, design planning, development, and reflection on results of use. We used questionnaires, field notes, literature studies, and documentation for social studies teachers. The results showed that the preparation of e-modules refers to the applicable curriculum and pays attention to the analysis of learning needs. E-module design is very good as interactive teaching material, concrete, implementable, characteristic practical, and economical, making it easier for students to understand. The enthusiasm of social studies teachers in improving pedagogical technology competence following the demands of independent, adaptive, and contextual professional teacher competence supports the successful use of e-modules. The research implications increase the variety of interactive teaching m.....

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