AbstractUrban heat islands (UHI) present critical challenges to urban environments, intensifying heat-related health risks and reducing livability. This study evaluates the potential of urban farming to mitigate UHI effects in Maiduguri, Nigeria, by analyzing changes in land surface temperature (LST), land use/land cover (LULC), and vegetation cover over a 30- year period (1992_2022). Landsat satellite imagery processed through ArcGIS and Google Earth Engine was validated using ground truth observations collected with a Garmin eTrex 10 GPS device and supplemented by long-term climatic data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMET). ENVI-met microclimate simulations quantified the impact of urban farming on surface temperature and humidity. Results show significant urban expansion accompanied by decreased vegetation, driving higher LST values and intensifying UHI impacts. By 2022, LST peaked at 32.98_C, with UHI intensity rising steadily throughout the study period. ENVI-met simulations i.....