Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kehadiran telatah kalut dan meramal data siri masa   aras   air   sungai   di   kawasan   yang   berkepentingan   di   Malaysia   dengan  menggunakan  pendekatan  kalut.  Kajian  ini  merangkumi  tiga  objektif  utama  iaitu mengenal  pasti kehadiran telatah kalut pada aras air sungai, meramal aras air sungai menggunakan pendekatan  kalut dan menambahbaik kaedah peramalan purata setempat (kpps)  untuk  peramalan  aras  air  sungai   di  kawasan  berkepentingan  di  Malaysia. Kawasan berkepentingan di Malaysia diperincikan kepada  dua kawasan iaitu kawasan tadahan sungai yang berbeza ketinggian tanah dan kawasan dataran banjir.  Tiga batang sungai telah dipilih untuk memenuhi objektif kajian iaitu kawasan tadahan sungai yang  berbeza  ketinggian  tanah  adalah  di  Sungai  Pahang  yang  melibatkan  kawasan  tanah rendah   (skala  masa  jam)  dan  tanah  tinggi  (skala  mas.....

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This comprehensive literature review delves into the multifaceted world of Chaos Theory and its pervasive applications across a wide spectrum of disciplines, including meteorology, economics, biology, engineering, medicine and social sciences. Chaos Theory's core principles, such as sensitivity to initial conditions and the discovery of hidden order within apparent chaos, are explored in-depth. This analysis delves into the intricate interconnections between Chaos Theory and dynamical systems, elucidating their shared objective of elucidating complex and dynamic phenomena. The research also investigates the application of the chaotic method as a problem-solving approach that acknowledges the inherent uncertainty and unpredictability of complex systems. The aforementioned approach is gaining traction in the realms of business, economics and the social sciences, despite facing criticism. The present study demonstrates the continued relevance of Chaos Theory in the contemporary era, as ev.....

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