This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lala clam shell as an adsorbent for the remediation of water contaminated by metal ions and dyes. Three main studies, namely adsorption, desorption and characterisation, have been conducted. In this study, Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Congo red (CR), Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB) and Methyl orange (MO) were used as contaminants. A systematic evaluation for adsorption process involving several experimental parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage and initial adsorbate concentration was performed. The applicability of lala clam shell to remove metal ions and dyes from aqueous solution was assessed in both single- and mixsystem. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used as desorption agents in desorption study. The characterisation study was carried out using Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectrometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Sp.....

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Textile effluents are considered as potential sources of water pollution because they contain toxic dyes. In the present study, lala clam shell was used as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of two harmful dyes, namely methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption studies were carried out by varying experimental parameters such as solution pH, initial concentration and adsorbent dosage. The optimum pH values for MO and MB removal were pH 2.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. At an initial MO and MB concentration of 20 mg/L, the maximum removal percentage of MO and MB were 18.9 % and 81.3 %, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium data were correlated with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The biomass adsorbent was characterised using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). Results from this study suggest that lala clam shell, a fishery waste, can be beneficial for wa.....

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