This research employs a spatial econometrics approach to investigate the interdependencies and dynamics of total factor productivity (TFP) within retail sub-industries in China Mainland by utilizing statistical data from 2013 and 2018. By constructing an adjacency matrix based on industry similarity, the study examines the impact of various factors on the industrial characteristics of retail sub-industries. These factors include total assets and the average number of engaged persons. The findings reveal significant industrial interdependence, variations among sub-industries, and the presence of a distinct retail industry cluster, albeit in a diminishing state. The study also highlights the dominance of capital investment output over labor input and identifies a stage of increasing returns in production inputs. The implications underscore the need to consider mutual influences between neighboring industries when formulating relevant policies. Keywords: Industrial autocorrelation, Retai.....

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The consumer services industry plays a crucial role in supporting regional economies and improving the quality of urban life. In Shandong Province, however, its development has shown clear disparities between coastal and inland cities, reflecting uneven resource allocation and infrastructure conditions. Although these differences are widely recognized, there has been a lack of systematic spatial modeling to explain the mechanisms shaping such heterogeneity. This study applies a spatial modeling approach to examine the regional consumer services industry in Shandong Province. The analysis extends the Cobb_Douglas production function by incorporating energy input and embeds a spatial distance matrix to capture spatial dependence. Methodologically, the research combines the Modified Delphi_ Hierarchical Grey_Fuzzy (MDHGF) algorithm with econometric estimators, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), the Spatial Lag Model (SLM), the Spatial Error Model (SEM), and Geographically Weighted Re.....

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