Higher education academics are lacking the knowledge on how to implement Design Thinking for transdisciplinary design studies that would produce Fourth Industrial Revolution Workforce Skills (4IRSkills), due to the sparsity in literature and implementation guidelines. This research aims to develop a Teaching and Learning Framework (TLF) for transdisciplinary design studies with a desktop-based Virtual Reality Learning Environment (VRLE) simulation of studio-based learning. The TLF builds on Selander’s Learning Design Sequence (LDS) with the embedded Design Thinking process complemented with social constructivist pedagogies of project-based and situated studio-based learning. The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach with triangulation protocols to examine the effectiveness of the TLF with VRLE on 30 undergraduate transdisciplinary students. A quasiexperiment was conducted on a control and treatment group over two different fully online academic sem.....

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