Calixarenes, being well-known macrocyclic structures, have attracted considerable interest in the field of nanosensors due to their diverse advantages. 4-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was aimed to be detected by both calix[4]arene (C4) and calix[6]arene (C6) in this host-guest investigation. This study investigated the development of C4-PABA and C6-PABA complexes using the Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) method and first-principles density functional theory (DFT). All of the LS films formed were characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen elemental analyser (CHNS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, this work applied DFT to compute the binding energy and band gap. Morphological and elemental analysis based on the conducted characterisations indicated the incorporation of PABA via lower rims into both C4 and C6. The computed binding en.....

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Background: White spot lesions are a common side effect of fixed orthodontics. This study investigates chitosan-based hydrogels using amelogenin peptide as a scaffold to facilitate hydroxyapatite nanoparticle attachment, assembly, and organisation, aiding in enamel remineralisation. Materials and methods: Three groups were prepared to carry out remineralisation experiments after creating artificial white spot lesions on extracted 1st premolars. The first group served as a control with no treatment, while the experimental groups were treated with either amelogenin peptide/chitosan hydrogel or amelogenin peptide + hydroxyapatite/chitosan hydrogel. Remineralisation was conducted for three weeks. The interaction between amelogenin peptide and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was evaluated using TEM, UV–Vis, FTIR, zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy. Remineralisation potential was assessed through enamel microhardness, fluorescence, and XRD. Surface characteristics of demineralised and rem.....

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