The Atacama Desert ofNorthem Chile, the oldest and driest nonpolar desert on the planet, is known to harbour previously undiscovered actinobacterial taxa with the capacity to synthesize novel natural products. In the present study, culture-dependent and cultureindependent methods were used to :fin1:her our understanding of the extent of actinobacterial diversity in Atacama Desert habitats. The culture-dependent studies focused on the selective isolation, screening and dereplication of actinobacteria from high altitude soils from Cerro Chajnantor. Several strains, notably isolates designated H9 and H45, were found to produce new specialized metabolites. Isolate H45 synthesized six novel metabolites, lentzeosides A-F, some of which inhibited HIV-l integrase activity. Polyphasic taxonomic studies on isolates H45 and H9 showed that they represented new species of the genera Lentzea and Streptomyces, respectively; it is proposed that these strains be designated as Lentzea chajnan.....

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The existing study examined three actinomycetes isolated from Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS) soil where the morphological properties were examined and chemical compounds of their metabolite extracts were ana; ysed. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, the strains were identified as Streptomyces sp. AA13, Amycolatopsis sp. AA12 and Micromonosporasp. AA141. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were tested against a panel of microorganisms that consist of Escherichia coli DSM 30083, Bacillus subtilis DSM 10, Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 50090, Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM 30104, Micrococcus luteus DSM 20030, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results revealed a wide range of antimicrobial activities produced by the isolates at different concentration of each extracts. The extracts were found to show stronger antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria, while no activities were shown when tested against fungi. Th.....

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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen inhabiting soft tissues like the epidermis and nasal cavity. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks in S. aureus biofilm. The present study aimed to characterize S. aureus proteins and their interaction networks using an in silico approach and to identify the proteins expressed in S. aureus biofilm using tandem mass spectrometry. Initially, a preliminary characterization of the PPI networks in S. aureus was conducted using the STRING 12.0 database. Subsequently, S. aureus biofilm was developed in a 6-well microplate and harvested at 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h. The expression of proteins in S. aureus biofilm was determined using a combination of one-dimensional SDSPAGE and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The in silico results demonstrated that 147 biological processes, 46 molecular functions, 17 cellular components, and 15 biological pathways were significantly enriched (p ..

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka pendidikan kewarganegaraan global di sekolah rendah dan menengah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan mengumpul data melalui soal selidik. Soalan pertama hingga ketiga telah mendapat data daripada 49 orang; soalan keempat data daripada 87 orang guru; dan soalan kelima diperoleh daripada 155 pelajar diploma di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Guru-guru yang menjadi responden terdiri daripada guru sekolah rendah dan menengah mengajar di sekolah-sekolah wilayah persekutuan, selangor, dan perak. Kajian ini mengkaji kurikulum dan buku teks Tahun 5 dan Tahun 6 bagi sekolah rendah dan Tingkatan 1 hingga Tingkatan 5 bagi sekolah menengah bagi mata pelajaran Bahasa Malaysia, Bahasa Inggeris, Sains, Matematik, Pendidikan Jasmani,Pendidikan Modal dan Sejarah. Dapatan kajian ini mendapati elemen pendidikan kewarganegaraan global ada dalam kurikulum dan buku teks kebanyakan mata pelajaran yang dikaji. Guru-guru juga menerapkan bebera.....

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