Metafora merupakan bahasa figuratif yang sering kali digunakan dalam karya-karya sastera. Penggunaan metafora menjadikan sesuatu karya itu sukar untuk diterjemahkan, sesuai dengan kenyataan Newmark (1981) yang menyatakan bahawa teijemahan metafora merupakan satu permasalahan utama dalam bidang penteijemahan. Sehubungan itu, analisis teijemahan metafora daripada bahasa Melayu (BM) ke bahasa Cina (BC) dalam karya Merpati Putih Terbang Lagi oleh Khadijah Hashim dan terjemahannya, iaitu Rang Bai Ge Zai Ci Fei Xianang akan dijalankan. Dalam kajian ini, pendekatan penterjemahan Newmark (1981) digunakan bagi meneliti strategi teijemahan metafora, manakala kerangka kajian Sakina Sahuri Suffian Sahuri (2000) pula digunakan bagi menentukan medan sumber metafora BM dan BC. Akhir sekali, perubahan medan sumber antara BM ke BC dikenal pasti. Berdasarkan analisis, strategi yang paling kerap digunakan ialah strategi teijemahan kepada pengertian semata-mata. Sebanyak 74% terjemahan metafor.....

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Public-private-partnership mode helps to better solve the problems in financing, technology, and management of public goods by effectively utilizing the respective advantages of government and private sector. There are myriad researches on risk-sharing, benefit distribution, asset securitization, and capital structure of PPP projects these days. In this paper, we provide analysis and discussion for the research methods of selected literature which applied the most used method for measuring the optimal capital structure of public-privatepartnership projects. By analyzing these studies, we can identify the potential problems of present research methods, and we can also provide research suggestions for future researchers to promote and enhance their research methods of optimal capital structure of public-private-partnership projects and make the methods more practicable and reality-adaptive. Keywords: Public-private-partnership; Optimal capital structure; Measurement method; Literature r.....

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Arab rhetoric is good statement and a powerful of influence. However, Chinese rhetoric  is  used   to  express  the  meaning  beautifully  and  clearly,  and  contains accuracy  and   comprehensiveness.  There  are  many  researchers  study  about  of Arabic and Chinese rhetoric,  but there are few comparative studies of “analogy style”  in  Arabic  and  Chinese  rhetoric.   Therefore,  this  research  aims  to  clarify the concept of rhetoric in Arabic literature and  Chinese literature. Also, it aims to know  the  opinion  of  scholars  in  the  “analogy  style”   in  Arabic  rhetoric  and Chinese rhetoric. This research analyzes the similarities and differences  in the analogy   between   Arabic   rhetoric   and   Chinese   rhetoric.   It   also   analyzes  similarities and differences in the analogy between selected short stories "Shams wa Layl" by  Mahmoud Taymour and "zhong guo yu yan gu shi" b.....

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Ground reaction force (GRF) is a key metric in biomechanical research, including parameters of loading rate (LR), first impact peak, second impact peak, and transient between first and second impact peaks in heel strike runners. The GRFs vary over time during stance. This study was aimed to investigate the variances of GRFs in rearfoot striking runners across incremental speeds. Thirty female and male runners joined the running tests on the instrumented treadmill with speeds of 2.7, 3.0, 3.3, and 3.7 m/s. The discrete parameters of vertical average loading rate in the current study are consistent with the literature findings. The principal component analysis was modeled to investigate the main variances (95%) in the GRFs over stance. The females varied in the magnitude of braking and propulsive forces (PC1, 84.93%), whereas the male runners varied in the timing of propulsion (PC1, 53.38%). The female runners dominantly varied in the transient between the first and second peaks of verti.....

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This study aims to identify the characteristics of Chinese ancient inscriptions and their application in contemporary Chinese calligraphy. Drawing from established theories in Chinese calligraphy and relevant literature, including the Theory of Chinese Calligraphy adapted from Chen (2022), the study delves into the intricate details of Chinese ancient inscriptions. Data collection methods included a comprehensive review of literature and visual analysis, guided by the principle of "Qi," to elucidate the underlying characteristics embedded in ancient inscriptions. Additionally, a comparison of contemporary calligraphy artists' artworks was undertaken using Feldman's Model of Art Criticism. The findings reveal the profound interplay between angular and circular brushwork, showcasing the technical skill and artistic expression inherent in Chinese calligraphy. Moreover, the study demonstrates how these characteristics are translated into contemporary Chinese calligraphy through the works o.....

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