While the use of pedagogical agent in education is a growing phenomenon, it is still unclear on which particular facial features of a pedagogical agent is effective to be used in Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). If the different kawaii designs of pedagogical agents are capable of making a good first visual impression, students will likely be enticed with it and stay focused throughout the learning process. Hence, the purpose of the research is to determine students’ affective states on different kawaii designs of pedagogical agents and its effect on their motivation in VLE. For that reason, two different kawaii designs of pedagogical agents are developed namely kawaii pedagogical agent with baby schema and kawaii pedagogical agent without baby schema. The research used quasi-experimental design and the data analysed using oneway analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and mediation analysis. Using a multistage sampling method, 201 electric engineering students from four polytec.....

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