A bar micro-solid phase (bar ?-SPE) extraction method using either graphene or zeolite or their mixtures as an adsorbent, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (using a C1 column) was developed for the simultaneous determination of pharmaceutical compounds (metformin (MET), buformin (BUF), phenformin (PHEN) and propranolol (PROP)) of diverse polarity (log?P from -1.82 to 3.10). Parameters influencing the extraction, such as conditioning solvents, pH of the sample, sample volume, amount of adsorbent, stirring rate, time of extraction, type and volume of desorption solvent and time of desorption were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction method using graphene (extraction efficiency, % EE, ?6-15%) resulted in the least amount of extracted drugs. However, the use of zeolite and zeolite/graphene mixtures improves the % EE significantly, i.e. 30% for PHEN and 42% for PROP using zeolite; 22% for MET and 18% for BUF using the adsorbent mixture. Under simila.....

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Objective: Sexual  education  for  children  is  crucial  as  it  aids  in  their  understanding  and appreciation of their bodies. This research aims to develop a Body Safety Module as a teaching tool  for  primary  school  students.  The  modules  were  analyzed  to  determineperception  of usability as well as their effectiveness. Methods:This study focuses on design and development research, adopting the five phases in the ADDIE model for the module development process. To evaluate the module’s effectiveness, 205  respondents  were  randomly  chosen  to  complete  a  questionnaire.  Furthermore,  an additional 71 pupils participated in pre-and post-effectiveness tests. This study examined three specific aspects of validity: content validity, questionnaire validity, and the effectiveness of pre and post-test. Results and conclusion:The module received extensive professional review and agreement, showing  a  93.73%  agreement  on  the  valid.....

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