The natural ecosystem is a dynamic relationship between living organisms and their environment. There are two types of ecosystems: natural and artificial ecosystems. Peatland is classified as a natural ecosystem. This review covers the trace and major elements, and the character of their accumulation in peat, with a particular emphasis on peat properties, conservation and restoration. Peatland is a valuable but vulnerable resource in the world, representing a valuable carbon pool and energy as a functional system while playing a main function in hydrological and biochemical cycles. Research in the characterization and data inventory of tropical peatlands is very important to determine the peatland’s status and identify the key knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. The results are important for the conservation, restoration and sustainability science of peatland areas through the characterization of the physical soil, nutrient content and carbon pool emission for the classificatio.....

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