Group Theory is a powerful formal method for analyzing and rationalizing abstract and physical systems. In this research, group theory is used to rationalize the crystallographic point groups. This research focuses on Bieberbach group, that is a torsion free crystallographic group. Rationalizing this Bieberbach group means determining the group theory theories on constructing the group for any point group P, determining the properties of the group and computing the nonabelian tensor square of the group. In determining the theories on constructing the Bieberbach group, n—dimension Bieberbach group with any point group is considered. However, to determine the properties and to compute the nonabelian tensor square of the group, only the centerless Bieberbach group of dimension 4 with dihedral point group of order 8 is focused. Result shows that there exists a Bieberbach group for any point group P if P is finite. Moreover, the Bieberbach group of dimension 4 with dihedral point group of.....

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A crystallographic group is a discrete subgroup G of the set of isometries of Euclidean space E n ,where the quotient space En/G is compact. A specific type of crystallographic groups is called Bieberbach groups. A Bieberbach group is defined to be a torsion free crystallographic group. In this paper, the exterior squares of some Bieberbach groups with abelian point groups are computed. The exterior square of a group is the factor group of the nonabelian tensor square with the central subgroup of the group. Keywords: Crystallographic groups; Bieberbach groups; exterior squares..

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This research was done to determine which group of students used metacognitive strategies frequently when answering word problems; and to observe metacognitive skills behavior among the groups by using time line graphs. This quantitative research was carried out in one secondary school in Batang Padang involving form four students. Students were divided into three groups, which are higher achievers; middle achievers and lower achievers based on their pretest scores and teacher reference. The instrument used in this research is a test that consists of word problems in quadratic equation. The metacognitive strategies used were assessed from the administered test while the researchers identified metacognitive skills behavior portrayed by students while answering the test by observation. Data was collected from an answer sheet and metacognitive strategies assessment. Students’ responses to the metacognitive red flag questions also had become indicator of the presence of metacognitive str.....

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The results of teacher competency test performed by the Centre of Human Resource Development on Education and Education Quality Assurance have indicated less effectiveness of a certification program. A regional subject teacher association called MGMP (Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran) board, is also known as a forum of all subject teachers with a strategic role in increasing teachers’ professionalism in carrying out their duties as professional teachers. The main objectives of the study were to describe the mechanism of pedagogical competence development activities for biology teachers in a post-certification program through MGMP forum and to identify the characteristics of the activities of biology MGMP. The research method was of survey type and the data collection instruments were a list of questions, polling, and a questionnaire. The respondents included the head of educational quality assurance agency or LPMP (Lembaga Penjamin Mutu Pendidikan) Central Java, education officers of S.....

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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kepimpinan berkualiti dalam novel sejarah Tengku Menteri (Malaysia) dan Urih Pesisir (Brunei). Secara khususnya, kajian ini menggunakan teori teksdealisme dengan mengaplikasikan prinsip kehadiran, perinsip perlanggaran, prinsip pengukuhan dan prinsip individualisme. Kajian ini juga memberi tumpuan kepada tiga watak iaitu Long Jaafar, Ngah Ibrahim dan Kapten Speedy daripada novel Tengku Menteri. Manakala tiga watak lagi daripada novel Urih Pesisir iaitu Syarif Omar, Wan Idrus dan Paul Gray. Watak-watak ini dipilih kerana mereka merupakan pentadbir, pemimpin masyarakat dan mempunyai pengaruh yang besar dalam kalangan masyarakat. Teori teksdealisme oleh Mana Sikana digunakan untuk menganalisis kepimpinan berkualiti yang dipraktikkan oleh watak-watak tersebut. Analisis ini juga disokong dengan mengaplikasikan konsep kepimpinan berkualiti, kepimpinan Islam dan budaya Melayu. Permasalahan kajian adalah tertumpu kepada pengamalan kepimpinan berkualiti .....

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