Engaging with music while studying can influence academic performance among students. Several studies have shown a negative effect of non-classical genres on short-term memory performance yet still limited to classical background music, especially in the context of Malaysian culture. Therefore, a present study investigated the impact of classical background music on short-term memory performance among undergraduate female participants (N=48) from Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI). The study employed a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) design where purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria was used to recruit the participants, which then randomly assigned into four groups: Solo piano, Orchestral, Operatic, and No music through single-blind method. The short-term memory task consisted of 20 trials of 5-letter nonsense syllables displayed for three seconds, with an 8-second gap between each trial and the scoring ranged from zero to 20. Classical music from the romant.....

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