Tuberculosis (TB) transmission frequently occurs in a household or group within a population, resulting in a variety of spatial patterns. However, the apparent spatial clustering of TB may represent the ongoing transmission or colocation of associated risk factors, which can vary significantly based on the type of data available, the analysis methods used, and the dynamics of the underlying population. This study aims to review the spatial analyses used for monitoring the trends involving and associations between risk factors and TB cases by applying the concept of spatial epidemiology. The role of the Geographic Information System in spatial epidemiology is discussed. Previous studies involving spatial analysis of TB cases - which include kriging, spatial autocorrelation, kernel density estimation, hotspot analysis, and regression analysis - are reviewed. The type of analysis was chosen based on the purpose of each study, which could explain the role of the transmission to reactivatio.....

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