Kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat kesan masa praktis ke atas keupayaan pembelajaran kemahiran menyangga (open skill) dalam permainan bola tampar. Seramai 40 orang subjek dari dua kelas Pendidikan Jasmani berumur antara 13 dan 14 tahun telah dipilih. Subjek-subjek dibahagikan sama rata secara rawak kepada dua kumpulan; dua waktu praktis (N=20) dan tiga waktu praktis (N=20). Kedua-dua kumpulan menerima empat latih tubi yang sama mengikut masa pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani normal dengan nisbah bola dan pelajar 1:4. Keputusan ujian-/ {Independent t-test) menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan prestasi menyangga di antara kumpulan tiga waktu praktis dan kumpulan dua waktu praktis. Keputusan ujian-f {Paired t-test) pula mendapati kumpulan tiga waktu praktis menunjukkan peningkatan prestasi yang signifikan, sementara kumpulan dua waktu pratis tidak menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa masa praktis memberi kesan ke atas keupayaan pembelajaran kemahiran d.....

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This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of vertical versus horizontal based training on muscle activation, kinematics and kinetics output in relation to instructional delivery methods. A total of 30 recreationally active male participants aged between 19-29 years old were recruited for the purpose of this study. All participants went through 8 weeks of vertical and horizontal training based on two instructional methods (verbal and video). Pre and post tests were conducted. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activation, force platform was used to measure kinetics output, and high-speed motion analysis system was used to measure kinematics variables. MANOVA was used to determine significant differences in muscle activation, kinematic output and kinetic output for both groups of instruction, verbal and video methods in pre- and post-test, One way ANCOVA was used to compare the effectiveness of strength training using the vertical ( lunges) and .....

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