The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  investigate  the  effects  of  teacher  efficacy  (TE),  instructional  leadership  (IL)  and  professional  learning  communities  (PLC)  on  student  achievement in literacy and numeracy in primary schools within Sibu division. The main objective   of  this  study  was  to  determine  if  TE,  IL  and  PLC  could  predict  student achievement in  literacy and numeracy.  This study utilised the Teacher Self-Efficacy model (Tschannen-Moran,   Woolfolk  Hoy  &  Hoy,  1998),  the  Instructional  Leadership  model (Hallinger  & Murphy, 1985)  and Professional Learning Communities model (Hord, 1997). Using  the  quantitative  approach,   the   data  was  collected  using  questionnaires  and  was analysed with the Statistical Packages for  Social Sciences. The sample was selected by using stratified random sampling technique involving  694 teachers who taught 105 primary sch.....

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