Every child deserves the opportunity to play during their preschool-age towards optimal development of physical, intellectual, social and emotional. However, parents or caregivers from the remote villages in Myanmar have not raised awareness of the play with their preschoolers. There was no preschool program in these remote villages in Myanmar. Therefore, this study aims to support parents and caregivers to nurture the social and emotional development of preschool children using play. This study shows them how they can create an environment for their preschoolers to improve the social and emotional development and the empirical evidence of the children development using play. Drawing on a pre-test-post-test control group design, a total of 90 preschool children involving 45 children in the experimental group and 45 children in the control group were observed before, during, and after the play program by using social and emotional development surveys. The descriptive and inferential dat.....

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This review provides a comprehensive literature search on the occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms and microcystins contamination in drinking water sources, potential human exposure, mitigation, and the associated challenges. A total of 49 relevant studies indicate that cyanobacterial blooms are commonly reported on six continents, including Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. Overall, cyanobacterial biomass reported in these reviewed studies falls within the classifcation of Alert Level 2, which is indicated by chlorophyll-a concentrations exceeded 12 μg/L. Moreover, the published data also revealed that 59% of the reported microcystins concentrations exceeded the WHO guideline value for safe lifetime consumption of 1 μg/L. These potential human exposures to cyanobacteria and microcystins are based on the concentrations reported in raw drinking water sources, as a lack of studies have emphasized the detection of microcystins in the treated drinking water.....

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Excessive growth of cyanobacteria, commonly known as cyanobacterial blooms, appear to be increasing_ in magnitude and frequency worldwide, thus posing a serious threat to the safety and security of_ water resources. With the increasing global water stress, there is a need for effective management_ of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies. So far, it has been a great challenge to mitigate and_ assess public health risks associated with cyanobacterial blooms due to difficulty in predicting_ the level of cyanobacterial biomass and microcystin concentrations in water bodies. Moreover, the_ effectiveness of the current bloom prevention and risk assessment strategies depend upon the_ understanding of the dynamics of cyanobacteria and microcystin under natural conditions. Thus, this_ research aims to: i) assess the variability of the relationship between cyanobacterial biomass and_ microcystin concentration, which is currently used to assess the risk to human and ecosystems_ health; ii) deter.....

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